T-Learning Study
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t-learning Study A study into TV-based interactive learning to the home Final Report Main Report Prepared by Peter J. Bates pjb Associates, UK 5 May 2003 This study is being conducted by pjb Associates, UK with funding from the European Community under the IST Programme (1998-2002) Note: This report does not represent the opinion of the European Community and the Community is not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing therein t-learning Study – Final Report pjb Associates 19 5 May 2003 t-learning Study – Final Report pjb Associates 20 5 May 2003 t-learning Study – Final Report Table of Contents 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.2 KEY CONCLUSIONS ................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.3 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ....................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.3.1 Strategic Recommendations ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.3.2 Developing the market ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.4 OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS ............... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.5 SPECIFIC CONCLUSIONS .......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.5.1 Strategic learning issues ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.2 Role of interactive TV in learning .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.3 Technical Issues ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.4 Market issues related to development of learning services .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.5 Potential learning services through interactive digital TV ........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.6 Costs of accessing learning through interactive digital TV.......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.7 Differentiated European and Other Markets ....... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.8 Learning and pedagogical Issues .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.5.9 Awareness-raising issues ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.6 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ......... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 0.6.1 Pedagogical Research ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.6.2 Socio-economic Research ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.6.3 Learning Technology Research ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 0.7 FORMAT OF MAIN REPORT ....................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1 INTRODUCTION ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.1 PURPOSE ................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.2 BACKGROUND ......................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.3 ROLE OF INTERACTIVE DIGITAL TV WITHIN AN E-LEARNING STRATEGY ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.4 KEY ISSUES TO ADDRESS ........................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.5 TIMESCALES ........................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 1.6 WHAT IS T-LEARNING? ............................ ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2. CURRENT STATE OF THE ART ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 2.2 SOME EXAMPLES .................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3. INTERACTIVE TV DEVELOPMENTS AND TRENDS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.2 WHAT IS DIGITAL TV? ........................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.3 WHAT IS INTERACTIVE TV? .................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. pjb Associates 21 5 May 2003 t-learning Study – Final Report 3.4 INTERACTIVITY THROUGH DIGITAL TV ... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.4.1 Navigation .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.2 Enhanced TV .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.3 Channel independent interactive services ........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.4 Interacting through the return channel.. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4.5 Interactivity on “Big Bother” ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.5 WEB ON THE TV ..................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.6 PERSONALISED TV.................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.6.1 Content-on-demand type services from remote servers ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.2 Home storage using personal digital video recorders Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.3 Pushing content to local storage and Pulling content from remote servers .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.6.4 Meta-tagging .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.7 THE EMERGENCE OF THE HOME MEDIA CENTRE IN THE “NETWORKED HOME”. ............................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.8 BROADBAND TO THE HOME ..................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.8.1 Lower speed broadband ......................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.8.2 Fast broadband ...................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.8.3 Very fast broadband ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.8.4 Other broadband solutions .................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.9 LIVE PERSONAL VIDEO LINKS TO HOME .. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.9.1 iSeeTV .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.9.2 FastWeb TVCam .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.10 GAMES CONSOLES .................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.11 STANDARDISATION AND REGULATORY ISSUES ....... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.12 CONCLUSIONS ......................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 3.12.1 Broadcast/Scheduled TV ........................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.12.2 Personalised TV ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. SOME INSIGHTS INTO LEARNING IN THE HOME ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.2 DEFINING LEARNING ............................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.2.1 Informal learning ................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3 LEARNING IN THE HOME .......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.3.1 Home as a place of learning .................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.2 Role of the family and the aspiration of parents .. Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.3.3 Using educational media ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4 BARRIERS TO LEARNING ......................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.4.1 Non-participation in learning ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.2 Understanding barriers to learning ....... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.3 Understanding the notion of the “Digital Divide” .....Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4.4 The role of ICT in lifelong learning ....... Error! Bookmark not defined. pjb Associates 22 5 May 2003 t-learning Study – Final Report 4.4.5 Demand verses Supply for learning opportunities......Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.5 LEARNING THROUGH TELEVISION ........... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 4.5.1 Television viewing habits ....................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.5.2 How people learn through TV................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.5.3 Interactivity and Learning ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.6 CONCLUSIONS ......................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5. FUTURE SCENARIOS ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.2 SCENARIOS ............................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 5.2.1 Continuous professional development for teachers ....Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.2 Home-school links .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.3 Remote Mathematics Tutor .................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.4 How do I? Do it yourself (DIY).............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.5 Developing basic numeracy skills from TV soap operas .............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.6 New employment opportunities and learning needs analysis ....... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.7 A life specific episode stimulates skills updating . Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.8 A Virtual Professional Channel ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.9 From holidays to language learning...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2.10 Revising for National School Exams...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSIONS OF SCENARIO SURVEY ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6. MARKETS AND TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE MODELS FOR LEARNING THROUGH INTERACTIVE TV ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.1 INTRODUCTION ....................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.2 MARKET DEVELOPMENTS ....................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.3 TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE MODELS .......... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.3.1 Introduction............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3.2 Timescales .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3.3 Initiators of learning .............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3.4 Potential Sustainable Models ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.4 DIFFERENTIATED EUROPEAN AND OTHER MARKETS ...... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 6.5 CONCLUSIONS ......................................... ERROR!