ASIAN JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION A Publication of the Asian Centre for Research on University Learning and Teaching (ACRULeT) Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA Advisor Mohd Mustafa bin Mohd Ghazali Chief Editors Lee Lai Fong Gurnam Kaur Sidhu Editorial Board Chan Yuen Fook Cheong Tau Han Harrini Md Noor Leele Susanna Jamian Nor Aziah Alias Parmjit Singh Aperapar Roslind S. Thambusamy Suthagar Narasuman Editorial Advisory Board Habibah Ashari (Ohio Universiti, USA) Angela Yung-chi Hou (Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan) Lee Ong Kim (NIE, Nanyang University of Technology, Singapore Allan White (University of Western Sydney, Australia) Richard Braddock (Macquarie University, Australia) Frank Hardman (University of York, UK) Richard Holmes ( University Ranking Watch) Patricia Rogers (CIRCLE, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia) © UiTM Press, UiTM 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise; without p r i o r p e r missi o n i n w r itin g fro m t h e D i r ect o r o f U iTM P r e s s , Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. E-mail:
[email protected] Asian Journal of University Education is jointly published by the Asian Centre for Research on University Learning and Teaching (ACRULeT), Faculty of Education and UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. The views, opinions and technical recommendations expressed by the contributors and authors are entirely their own and do not necessarily reflect the views of the editors, the publisher and the university.