WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCFAMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL 15,& NAMPHIBIANSO 4 • DEC 2008 •189 27(1):103–104 • APR 2020

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FEATURE ARTICLES . ChasingA Bullsnakes Leucistic (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: Lesser Black Krait, On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 Bungarus. The Shared History of Treeboas lividus (Corallus grenadensis) and(Squamata: Humans on Grenada: Elapidae), A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 RESEARCH ARTICLESfrom West Bengal, India . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ...... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) inPrajjwal Florida Ray and Shyamaprasad Pandey ...... Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 SPOAR (Society for Protecting the Ophiofauna & Animal Rights), Sen Para, Jalpaiguri 735101, West Bengal, India CONSERVATION ALERT([email protected]; [email protected]) . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 . The “Dow Jones Index” of Biodiversity ...... 225 nakes exhibit aHUSBANDRY variety of chromatic disorders, among northeastern India (Boulenger 1890; Smith 1943), Nepal Swhich melanism,. leucism,Captive Care ofand the Central albinism Netted Dragon are well ...... known (Shah 1998), Bangladesh Shannon (Smith Plummer 1943;226 Khan 1992), and (Bechtel 1995). LeucismPROFILE is caused by a recessive allele (Owen possibly Bhutan (Lenz 2012), where these snakes occur in and Skimmings 1992). Kraig and Adler: the A Lifetime affected Promoting snakes Herpetology are ...... readily dense forests but also are Michael known L. Treglia to 234 live in close proximity recognized by a lackCOMMENTARY of integumentary pigmentation usually to humans. Very little is known about the species’ natural combined with black. orThe blue Turtles eyes Have Been (Wareham Watching Me 2005)...... Survival history and no reports document Eric Gangloff a238 chromatically aberrant and fitness of leucistic snakes are compromised in nature (e.g., individual. We herein present the first sighting of a leucistic BOOK REVIEW Bechtel 1995), where. theyThreatened fail Amphibians to blend of thewith World their edited surround by S.N. Stuart,- M. Hoffmann,Lesser BlackJ.S. Chanson, Krait N.A. from Cox, the District of Jalpaiguri in northern ings (Krecsák 2008) andR. also Berridge, are P. subjectedRamani, and B.E. to Young various ...... adverse West Bengal, India. Robert Powell 243 effects that include inefficient thermoregulation (Kornilios On 29 August 2015, SP rescued a white snake with 2014) and protection CONSERVATION from solar radiationRESEARCH REPORTS:(Bechtel Summaries1978) of Publishedblack Conservation eyes and Research no Reports visible ...... pattern (Fig. 245 2) from the backyard  NATURAL HISTORY RESEARCH REPORTS: Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247 and possibly impaired NEWBRIEFS locomotion ...... and digestion (Stevenson of a residence ...... in the Raikatpara Area, 248 Jalpaiguri District et al. 1985).  EDITORIAL INFORMATION ...... (26°32'12.11"N, 88°43'33.96"E)...... The 251 snake appeared to be  FOCUS ON CONSERVATION: A Project You Can Support ...... 252 The Lesser Black Krait, Bungarus lividus (Fig. 1), is a a krait; however, identification to species was difficult as three small to medium-sized nocturnal elapid that is found in species of kraits (the Banded Krait, Bungarus fasciatus; Wall’s

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. A Lesser Black Krait (Bungarus lividus) from the Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India. Photograph by Prajjwal Ray.

Copyright © 2020. Prajjwal Ray. All rights reserved. 103 IRCF Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 1098-6324 RAY AND PANDEY IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 27(1):103–104 • APR 2020

Fig. 2. A leucistic Lesser Black Krait (Bungarus lividus) from the Jalpaiguri District, West Bengal, India. Photographs by Shyamaprasad Pandey and Prajjwal Ray (inset).

Krait, Bungarus walli; and the Lesser Black Krait, Bungarus Literature Cited lividus) occur in the vicinity of Jalpaiguri Town. We pho- Bechtel, H.B. 1978. Color and pattern in snakes (Reptilia, Serpentes). Journal of tographed and measured the snake and counted scales. The Herpetology 12: 521–532. Bechtel, H.B. 1995. Reptile and Amphibians Variants: Colors, Patterns, and Scales. snake measured 95 cm from snout to tail tip, the body was Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, Florida. not very triangular in cross section, and the tip of the tail was Boulenger, G.A. 1890. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. more or less pointed. Based on descriptions in Smith (1943), Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, UK. scale counts (15 dorsal scale rows, 215 ventral scales, 39 sub- Khan, M.A.R. 1992. Bangladesher Shap [= Snakes of Bangladesh]. Bangla Academy, Dhaka, Bangladesh (in Bengali). caudals entire throughout, 7 supralabials with the 3rd and 4th Kornilios, P. 2014. First report of piebaldism in scolecophidians: a case of Typhlops in contact with the eye, temporals 1 + 2, vertebral scales hex- vermicularis (Squamata: Typhlopidae). Herpetology Notes 7: 401–403. agonal and feebly enlarged) readily distinguished this snake Krecsák, L. 2008. Albinism and leucism among European Viperinae: a review. from B. walli (17:17, 19:19, or 21 dorsal scale rows; 196–208 Russian Journal of Herpetology 15: 97–102. Lenz, N. 2012. Von Schmetterlingen und Donnerdrachen–Natur und Kultur in ventrals; 50–55 subcaudals) and the cross-section of the body Bhutan. Karlsruher Naturhefte 4, Naturkundemuseum, Karlsruhe, Germany. and pointed tail distinguished it from B. fasciatus (body typi- Owen, M. and P. Skimmings. 1992. The occurrence and performance of leucistic cally triangular in cross section with a distinct dorsal ridge, Barnacle Geese Branta leucopsis. Ibis 134: 22–26. tail tip blunt and more or less swollen). We restrained the Shah, K.B. 1998. Checklist of the herpetofauna of Nepal with English and vernacular snake for only a few minutes; as soon as the scale counts were names. Natural History Society of Nepal (NAHSON) Bulletin 8: 26–30. Smith, M.A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon, and Burma, Including completed, it was released by the local forest department. the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III.– Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, UK. Acknowledgements Stevenson, R.D., C.R. Peterson, and J.S. Tsuji. 1985. The thermal dependence The authors are indebted to the local Forest Department for of locomotion, tongue flicking, digestion, and oxygen consumption in the wandering garter snake. Physiological Zoology 58: 46–57. support and assistance in the rescue, identification, and reha- Wareham, D.C. 2005. Elsevier’s Dictionary of Herpetological and Related bilitation of the snake. Terminology. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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