Department of Languages, Literature & Philosophy Languages, Literature & Philosophy Working Papers Tennessee State University Year 2007 William James and His Individual Crisis HARRY MADDUX
[email protected] This paper is posted at E-Research@Tennessee State University. http://e-research.tnstate.edu/llp wp/2 William James and the Individual 1 William James and His Individual Crisis I. Introduction Students of William James have long commented on how critical periods of his life compelled crucial developments in his philosophical thought. Ralph Barton Perry was the first to capitalize upon this recognition, with his examination of how James’s depression resulted in a very practical and highly personalized belief in the necessity of action as the only viable response to the Darwinian “process of the universe” (Perry 1: 322). Charlene Seigfried posits that, in addition to this seminal event, James likely faced two other crises. In 1895, he turned from psychological studies to specifically philosophical issues (William James’s Radical Reconstruction 12). In 1908-1909, these endeavors forced him to “give up ‘intellectualistic logic’” entirely and depend on a reconstructed “rational strand” in order to answer the old question (first posed in The Principles of Psychology) of how many consciousnesses can be at the same time one consciousness (13). Such insights have enriched and enlivened James studies, but the generalized conclusion they indicate—that James’s philosophy was an intensely lived but largely successful experience—deserves reevaluation. The first part of this judgment is accurate; the second is far less so. James’s first crisis was without doubt a lonely experience precipitated by questions of his responsibility to society and his place among others’ lives (Perry 1: 322).