Pure Appl. Biol., 9(3): 2088-2096, September, 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90223

Research Article

New species of genus Dipropus Germar, 1839 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Elaterinae) from Sindh, Pakistan

Shabana Mangi, Waheed Ali Panhwar* and Abdul Manan Shaikh Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur-Pakistan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Citation Shabana Mangi, Waheed Ali Panhwar and Abdul Manan Shaikh. New species of genus Dipropus Germar, 1839 (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Elaterinae) from Sindh, Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology. Vol. 9, Issue 3, pp2088-2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90223 Received: 14/02/2020 Revised: 27/04/2020 Accepted: 02/05/2020 Online First: 18/06/2020 Abstract Click are well known due to the unusual click mechanism they possess. These beetles belongs to family Elateridae. During the present study click beetles of genus Dipropus were collected from Mehrabpur (Nausherferoze district) of Sindh, Pakistan from the salinity plain areas from during August 2018 to September 2019. The detail study of genus Dipropus revealed in finding of new species i-e: Dipropus sindhensis sp.nov. Beside this, description of new species along with genitalia, spermetheca, and morphological characters are given. Keywords: Click; Dipropus; Elateridae; Spermtheca; Pakistan Introduction brown to yellowish, Integument highly The family Elateridae classified into punctured, antennomere and legs brown, seventeen subfamilies, in which of them anterior side of carina black. Pubescence Elaterinae is also subfamily it contains the long, light golden to yellow, the tarsomere ten tribes and recognized on the basis of three sections, and simple claws at tarsal and taxonomical characteristics including without setae [9]. The genus Dipropus anterior side of head convex, tapered; frontal recorded from the North America, carina incompletely reach up to anterior side Mesoamerican and difficult to recognize the of frons, and claws on tarsal joint, have not various species identified the 8 species from basal setae, brown to dark brown body the America north of Mexico [10, 11]. coloration, 3 sections in legs (tarsomere), The current new species of this genus is antennae eleven sections and mandible has Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. has identified tooth like structure [1-4] . Dipropus genus this genus on the basis of morphological and accommodates into subfamily Elaterinae is genitalial basis including such as body one of the most largest genus, it contains the coloration dark brown and yellowish, more than 150 species in worldwide elongated convex. Body sub-cylindrical represented by South America, North, longer than broader, covered with densely Central America, Antilles and 30 species punctuation in umbilicate in shape, frontal were also recorded at Brazil [5-8]. Body edges widely arcuate, anterior sides of carina brown to dark brown, yellowish longer than lengthened as compared to length of the wider, elliptical, slightly convex, elytra rostrum, antenna of male, female are serrate,

Published by Bolan Society for Pure and Applied Biology 2088 Mangi et al. with 11 sections, first two sections small with laboratory) at Shah Abdul Latif University setae, sub-cylindrical; 3rd section serrati form Khairpur mirs. smaller than 4th sections ; no difference Sampling collection between the pubescence of both sex, male Various Samples of click beetles were specimens (3 to 5 and 6 to10) dissimilar in collected from the different localities of measurements, wider carina (1to 4) tarsomere various crops including from wetland shorter, membranous lobes [12] The samples (salinity), under stone, wheat, tomato, cotton, of click beetles were collected from various vegetables, stored corns, herbs, shrub and localities including sim, bank on the sim, light traps etc. and also from light trap under stones, light, humid areas leaf litter, method, Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. was flower heads, light, stagnant water and., live collected bank of sim, manually by hand in the soil, sand, or rotten wood, leaf litter, picking traditional methods and kept into they mostly feed on plant material bottles [13] . particularly roots and tubers but few click Methods of imaging beetles are also predators hence damage to Digital images of specimen (adult) were crops, and Dipropus feed on roots, seeds, taken with high meji infinity camera 350 k tubers and stems of numerous vegetable and pixel camera fitted on dissecting microscope crops, the main injury caused is crop stand to Kyowa Medilux 20 at herbarium of Shah loss . Dipropus genus contains the new Abdul Latif University Khairpur mirs were species Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. is a used. new species was first time reported from the Study area and biogeography Sindh Pakistan. Dipropus sindhensis was collected from the Materials and methods wetland (salinity) area at Mehrabpur, Place for work Mehrabpur is town and union council of Present study was done on click beetles were district Nausherferoz in the province Sindh of recorded from the Khairpur, Nausherferoz, Pakistan. It is located at 27.09N, 68.4E, Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Dadu districts of temperature is 40c, elevation 28 m, and it is Sindh Pakistan, taxonomical research was lies at the main railway line between the conceded at Dipropus genus reported first Karachi and Lahore and six link roads from time new species Dipropus sindhensis nov, north side (Fig. 1 & 2). spp. at department of Zoology (Entomology

Figure 1. Showing the Map of district Naushahro Feroze

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Figure.2. Sampling site of district NaushahroFeroze

Killing and preservation genitalia was kept in microvials with a drop Samples were killed into killing of glycerin and attached with the respective bottles, which have chloroform for (5 to 10) specimens [17, 18]. minutes carefully, draw out from chloroform Measurements and line drawings samples were consciously replaced and well (Illustrations) of female genitalia kept up into specific timber insect’s boxes. The measurements of full specimens from Naphthalene balls were kept for protection head to apex, head, pronotum, elytra and full from ants and fungus and samples were specimen body measurements by the scale labelled as per method [14-16]. [18]. Identification of beetles Abbreviation used Collected beetles were identified to the LH: Length of head, WH: Width of head, LP: lowest possible taxonomic level with the use Length of pronotum, WP: Width of of dissecting microscope (KYOWA pronotum, LE: Length of elytra, WE: Width MEDILUX 20) and references to taxonomic of elytra, TL: Total body length. keys and morphological descriptions. Legs, Results and discussion antennae, head, pronotum, and elytra of Dipropus sindhensis sp. nov. beetles were dissected where necessary and Diagnosis observed. Genus Dipropus (Germar) described by Dissection of female genitalia Candeze (1859), as, (Schwarz, Ischiodontus The female genitalial part spermtheca and its Candeze (1906b), and [19-21]. This species inner parts inculdings genital coxites, identified as large size, Black mark present ovipositor, bursa copulatix were boiled into on the frontal area, more space between the Potassium hydroxide (KOH) for 5-10 humeral angles and abdomen, Yellowish spot minutes, then terminalia genitalia was on the dorsal surface of pronotum and detached from the abdomen by the help fine anterior portions of scutellum yellowish, forceps and then observed under the distinctly punctured on dorsal surface with dissecting microscope. After that female elongated pubescence.

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Description Etymology Body of Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. is The name of new species is derived from longer than wider elliptical, slightly convex, Sindh Province, where the species was complete body coloration is roughly brown to collected. yellowish with dark infuscate; head dark Comments: brown, antennae brownish, Pronotum dark Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. resemble to brown, prontal angles black, legs reddish Conderus methinesis but it can be brown Pubescence elongated dark brown recognized on the basis of black mark present yellowish type colorations, black frontal on the frontal area, more space between the carina, legs reddish brown. humeral angles and abdomen, yellowish spot Body elongated convex, head circular on the dorsal surface of pronotum and distinctly visibly punctuations, yellowish anterior portions of scutellum yellowish, hairs present on the head frontal edges distinctly punctured on dorsal surface with arcuate, carina sides denticated (0.4mm), elongated pubescence [22, 23]. width (0.7mm) almost paraclypeus equal to Remarks on Ecology of Dipropus clypeus, antennae 12 section but highly sindhensis nov, sp. elongated 2nd section cylindrical longer than During surveys, specimens were collected other section, reaching to tip of hind angles, from the near water sources, hand picking anterior portion are dark brown in color and method was used, they were found from the posterior sections are light yellowish in color. wetland (salinity) area at Mehrabpur taluka of Pronotum length (1mm), width (2mm) dorsal district Nausherferoze, temperate, humid surface convex wider than longer, lateral areas, in summer season high temperature, margins convex, lateral edges carinate specimens of Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. reaching up to anterior humeral margin; hind were chewing and sucking type of . edges slightly pointed, concave, deep Discussion punctuations on the pronotum, slightly space The Current study of 9 species of 5 genera between the punctuations, punctuation are were belonging to Agrypninae, oval elongated flagellated yellowish large Cardiophorinae and Elaterinae subfamilies. round in shape, humeral angles pointed, tips The names of those species were given black slightly concave, more space between below, Conoderus methiensis Platia (2016), the humeral angles and abdomen. lineatus Linaneus (1767), Agriotes Elytra (1.6mm), width (0.2mm), convex duhokensis Platia (2013), Agriotes sameki plane, anterior side concave, crudely Platia (2003), Aptopus opata Johnson punctured, yellowish hairs present on the (2017), Dipropus sindhensis sp.nov, legs. Striae shallowly concave; apices Agrypnus baghensis Akhtar (2014), separate, tarsomere have three joints, thin Agrypnus piger Candeze (1889), Agrypnus ventral membranous lobe .Total body length argentosquamosus Vatsand Karhyap (1992), (3mm). Female genitalia spermathecal study on taxonomy and biogeography of click elongated, heart shaped at its base, ovipositor beetles from certain areas the Khairpur, bifurcate. Hyderabad, Nausherferoz, Sukkur, Dadu, Morphometry (mm) Larakana (Sindh) province, present study was LH=0.4, WH, 0.7, LP=1, WP, 2, LE=1.6, first time study on click beetles its collection WE, 0.2, TL=3 and identification reported from Sindh Type material Pakistan [5, 10, 29, 30]. Current genus Holotype female was reported from the Dipropus globally distributed. The first time wetland (salinity) area at Mehrabpur. new genus described in Sindh as well as in

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Pakistan including Dipropus was reported by from each other with sclerotized setae, highly Germar, (1839) with type of first time new narrow punctuation on head, eyes in female species Dipropus sindhensis and still not smaller than male antennae small ist section reported this genus and with type of species, long, 2nd and 11th section almost equal but huge work has been done in the oriental rounded collected from the eastern United and Coahuila, Mexico, de Madre de Dios, States [22-24]. Perú, eastern United States, west-central Dipropus pericu pronotum wider than longer, North America and Brazil region. A large slightly convex, hind angles moderately number of species of genus Dipropus were convex at base, small upper carina, Striae reported from the different location at smooth rounded punctuation, space convex, worldwide, Dipropus rufulus Johnson (2016) flat apically. Dipropus reinae lines of elytra were reported from the southern Mexico, have circular punctuation, legs concolorous, tropical lowlands and lower montane areas of body castaneous antennae infuscate, coastal areas. rufobrunneous legs and antennae, small [25]. Dipropus amarakaeri, Johnson (2018), Dipropus Sonora Johnson, P (2016). Body dorsal surface deeply infuscate, brown dark black over all, brownish black antennae, yellow rough humeral lines (vittae) pale gold antennae slightly elongated reaching upto to whitish color of elytra with vague to elytra, 8sections antennae reaching up to hind distinct brown-yellow to dull brick red color angle, pronotum wider than longer, scutellum (testaecus) discal vittae, legs ad antennae are small, densely punctuation on whole body, burnet. Frontal margin bright black and strongly carinate at hind angle, strongly golden to yellow elongated pubescence arcuate. reported from the Madre de Dios, Peru. Dipropus sus (Candèze) Johnson (2017), Dipropus losamigos Johnson (2018), body longer than wider, black to dark black, collected from Madre de Dios, Peru, head body coloration to piceocastaneous; circular with highly puncuation, frontal pubescence chalceous, antenna longer edges arcuate, carina beaded, elongated reaching upto femora, 8 section of antennae antennae, tip of 8th section of antennae up to reaching upto tip of hind angle, aedeagus tip of humeral hind angle; 2nd section longer than wider, parameres rounded. subglobular, 3rd section triangular, basal Dipropus warneri, antennae 8 sections piece of aedeagus subquadrate, middle lobe elongated getting upto elytra, pronotum thin, pointed at tip; arrow paramere lateral moderately longer than wider, quadrilateral spine and tip slightly sclerotized. shape, lateral edges toughly, carinate, dorsal Dipropus tequesta Johnson (2018), surface covered with spotted punctuation Integument brown to dark brown, venter umbilicate and convex hind angles, lines moderately pale, antennae dull red, separated on elytra and convex, elongated Pubescence slightly pale, paramere tip aedeagus at basal piece, paramere longer sagittate, middle lobe, concave, obtuse at tip than wider, reported from the united states, described from eastern United States. Mexico, Chihuahua and Texas [26, 27]. Dipropus soleatus (Say) identified on the Dipropus yaqui, frons of head and vertex taxonomical characteristics body longer than have a punctuations, umbilicate in shape, wider, membrane among the tarsal erected frons concave, Compound eyes elongated, 8 from the eastern United States. antennomere passing upto hind angle, 3 and Dipropus asper (LeConte), 1890, aedeagus 10 antennomere slightly serrate, intervals of basically identical, powerful spines on elytra convex, scutellum small, pronotum, tarsomere tarsal pads membranous isolated covered with umbilicate punctuations,

2092 Mangi et al. aedeagus longer than wider, parameres tubercles, lines on abdominal have striate truncated. Dipropus ferreus (LeConte), Body and parallel” and Dicrepidius larva as: “A9 longer than wider, ferruginotestaceous to tergite with tubercles longer than piceocastaneous, Pubescence dark brown, punctuation, Striae of abdominal striate have antenna slightly small reaching to meta bended, reported from the Brazil [31]. femoral nick; United States, Sonora, Mexico, Current species diagnosis on the taxonomical Arizona and Santa Cruz, Baja California [28, characteristics represented by Black mark 29]. present on the frontal area, more space Dipropus simplex LeConte (1890), Body between the humeral angles and abdomen, chestnut, antennae brownish, elongated, yellowish spot on the dorsal surface of reaching up to anterior sides abdominal have pronotum, anterior portions of scutellum a porous, 8 antennal sections reaching upto yellowish, antennae brownish antennae 12 tip of pronotum wider than longer, 0.54 total section but highly elongated 2nd section measurments of basal piece of aedeagus, 0.43 cylindrical longer than other section, dark total length of paramere Missouri, Michigan, brown and yellowish, Paraclypeus almost Delaware, Dipropus soleatus (Say) Body equal to clypeus elongated convex. Head elongated than wider, legs concolorous to dark brown circular, pronotum dark brown body, castaneous to piceocastaneous, convex wider than longer, lateral margins antennae brownish to infuscate. Antennae convex, deep punctuations on the pronotum, median in length, 9 section of antennae Legs reddish brown. Punctuation are oval reaching tip of hind angle, pronotum wider elongated flagellated yellowish large round than longer. 0.55 total length of aedeagus in shape. Humeral angles pointed, tips black with basal piece, 0.46 total length, paramere slightly concave. Elytra convex plane, 0.35 total length, body form moderately anterior side concave, yellowish hairs present robust; antenna small, reaching tip of on the head and legs and therefore current pronotal hind angle, Mississippi and Missouri study as new species added to science [30]. reported from Sindh, Pakistan (Table 1 & Dipropus brasilianus (Germar),larva have a Fig. 3 A-F). smaller punctuations, tergite A9 with

Table 1. Showing the Genitalial characters, collecting month and collecting locality of species Dipropus sindhensis nov, sp. Characteristics Dipropus sindhensis. nov, sp. Spermatheca elongated base, ovipositor bifurcate Spermatheca oval or heart shaped Two spermathecal duct elongated Collecting month June Collecting locality Mehrabpur, Nausherferoz Sindh Pakistan

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A. head dorsal view B. Abdomen dorsal view C. head ventral view

D. Abdomen ventral view E . Female genitalia spermatheca F. Female genitalia dorsal view spermatheca ventral view

Figure 3(A-F). Showing the digital images along with genitalia

Conclusion surveys will be carried that may lead to more It is concluded from the present study that diversity of these beetles. geographical features of the Naushahroferoze Authors’ contributions are diverse and is suitable for the diversity of Conceived and designed the experiments: S insects including elaterids beetles. If more Mangi, WA Panhwar & AM Shaikh, Performed the experiments: S Mangi,

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Analyzed the data: S Mangi, WA Panhwar & soleatus Say. Insec Mun 0523: 1– AM Shaikh, Contributed materials/ analysis/ 27. tools: S Mangi, WA Panhwar & AM Shaikh. 8. LeConte JL (1890). Additional Wrote the paper: S Mangi. descriptions of new species. pp 373–434. Acknowledgments In: E. A. Schwarz. The Coleoptera of The authors are highly thankful to the Florida. Proceed of the Amer Philosop anonymous reviewers for their valuable Soci., (17): 353–472. suggestions. 9. LeConte JL (1863). List of the References Coleoptera of North America, Part I. 1. Casari SA (2013). New genera of Smith Miscell Collec 6(140): 1–78. Dicrepidiini from the Neotropical 10. Akhter AM, Kabalak, MR & Ahmed Z Region (Coleoptera, Elateridae, (2014). Contributions to Agrypninae Elaterinae, ). Zool 3721(2): (Coleoptera: Elateridae) fauna of 143–156. Pakistan with four new species three new 2. Schwarz O (1906b-1907). Coleoptera, records. Turk Jour of Entomo 38(2): 113- Fam. Elateridae. Genera Insectorum 123. 46B: 1–224 [1906], 225–370 [1907]. V. 11. Bouchard PIB & Smith (2011). Family- Verteneuil & L. Desmeet, Bruxelles, group names in Coleoptera (Insecta). Belgium. Zookey 88: 1–972. 3. Champion GC (1895). Fam. Elateridae, 12. Blackwelder RE (1944). Checklist of p. 297–440. In: FD Godman and O the coleopterons’ insects of Mexico, Salvin (eds.). Biologia Centrali- Central America, The West Indies, and Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Vol 3, South America. Unit Stat Nat Mus Bull part 1, Serricornia. RH Porter; London, 185(2): 189–341. UK 15(690): 27. 13. Casari SA (2008). A phylogenetic study 4. Akhter K (2005). Preservative of the subtribe Dicrepidiina (Elateridae, treatment of rubber wood (Hevea Elaterinae, Ampedini). Revis Brasil de brasiliensis) to increase its service life. Entom 52(2): 182–260. In The international research group on 14. Clark HL (1963). A revision of the wood protection, 6th annual meeting, United States elaterid beetles of the Tribe Bangalore, India. 1-10. Dicrepidiini (Coleoptera: Elateridae). 5. Akhter K & Ahmed Z (2011). Notes on Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, Catholic species of Cardiophorinae (Candèze, University of America; Washington, DC 1860) from Pakistan with description of (52): 5. a new species (Coleoptera Elateridae) 15. Candèze ECA (1859). Monographie and new records. Pak J of Zool 43 (3): des Élatérides, tome second. Mémo de la 477-481. Société Royale Des Sci de Liè (14): 1– 6. Germar EF (1839). Ueber die Elateriden 543. mit häutigen Anhängen der 16. Johnson PJ & Blaine AM (2017). A new Tarsengleider. Zeits T Für Die Entomol species of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: (1): 197–236. Elateridae) from Florida, with taxonomic 7. Johnson PJ (2016). Five new species and morphological notes and a new key of Dipropus Germar (Coleoptera: to the species of the eastern United States Elateridae) from west-central North Insec Mun 0566: 1–7. America, and a lectotype designation for 17. Claus W & David (2012). Click beetles from the Maltese Islands (Coleoptera,

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