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Orobanchaceae • Broomrape Family Pine Broomrape Orobánche Pinòrum All Members of the Broomrape Family Are at Least Partial Parasites

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Orobanchaceae • Broomrape Family Pine Broomrape Orobánche Pinòrum All Members of the Broomrape Family Are at Least Partial Parasites Orobanchaceae • Broomrape Family PINE BRooMRAPE Orobánche pinòrum All members of the Broomrape family are at least partial parasites. Until recently the family con- sisted of only fully parasitic plants with no chlorophyll-producing foliage, including Orobanche and annual, perennial • 4–12" (10–30 cm) Boschniakia, the groundcones, 2 of which, along with several other broomrape species, are present in rocky, open forest Oregon but not in the Cascades. Current taxonomic classification now includes some hemiparasites, late: late July to August plants that get only some of their nourishment or moisture from other plants. These include Castilleja, Orthocarpus and Pedicularis, all formerly placed in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae. Members of Botanists long believed this unusual plant to be para- this family attach to the roots of host plants by specialized structures called haustoria. Our fully sitic on conifers, and it still bears the misnomer pine parasitic plants are usually very specific about host plants and, in response to compounds given off broomrape as a result of this refuted relationship. We by the host, may send out these growths underground over long distances until they reach a suitable now know that its actual host species is ocean spray. host. The partial parasites do not appear to be as particular. While there is quite a bit of variety within It forms upright, branched inflorescences of tubular the family, all have petals fused into a tube, generally with 2 lobes on the upper lip and 3 on the flowers with no foliage. Each flower is basically yellow lower. The leaves, if any, are alternate and may be reduced to small bracts. Their parasitic nature to tan, but is often tinged with varying amounts of prevents even the showy ones from common garden usage, but paintbrush seeds tossed among maroon. It has 5 narrow lobes and is sessile or attached other plants may survive. In some areas, broomrapes parasitize crop plants and can become pests. to the stem by a short pedicel with a small bract at the base. The entire inflorescence is covered with short glandular hairs. NAKED BRooMRAPE annual • 1–6" (2–15 cm) damp meadows, outcrops, rocky seeps Pine broomrape occurs Orobánche uniflora from British Columbia to middle: May to June California and Idaho. In This little annual is fairly common but easy to miss. Its small 1"-long Oregon, it is encountered flowers can be an almost invisible pale lavender to a showy deep in the mountains on rare purple. Each flowering stalk has only 1–3 flowers. The flower lobes occasions near populations are rounded. Tiny hairs cover the flowers and stems. It parasitizes a of ocean spray. If you're very number of species but mainly sedums and saxifrages. Look for it among lucky, you may spot it at these plants in rocky meadows and seeps. Moon Point, Youngs Rock, Naked broomrape is the most common species of Orobanche in Grasshopper Meadows, and Oregon and can be found occasionally throughout the state. It occurs Bearbones, Hershberger and in every state and much of Canada. Bull of the Woods, Tire Mountain Rattlesnake mountains. and Bohemia Mountain are among the many places it grows. In Douglas and southern Lane counties and farther south, broomrapes CLUSTERED BRooMRAPE annual • 1–6" (2–15 cm) with bright yellow, round-lobed dry meadows, rocky areas flowers (bottom left photo) are Orobánche fasciculàta middle to late: late June to July found in forests parasitizing Oregon bedstraw. These may be a different Clustered broomrape may have as many species or a form of one of these 2 as 20 flowers on long pedicels com- species. Look for these at Twin Lakes, ing out of a common base. In our area, Hemlock Lake, Youngs Rock, and in the flowers are straw yellow, although the Rogue-Umpqua Divide. elsewhere in its range they may be lav- ender or pinkish. The flower lobes are pointed. It is usually found near com- posites—especially Oregon sunshine and mugwort—and buckwheats. This species blooms a little later than naked broom- rape and prefers a drier habitat. This widespread species is scat- tered about the Western Cascades and Oregon and ranges east all the way to the Great Lakes and Texas. Keep your eyes open for it at Abbott Butte, Twin Lakes, Browder Ridge, Lookout Mountain, Mt. June, and Wild Rose Point. 164 • Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family • 165 HARSH PAINTBRUSH SUKSDORF’S PAINTBRUSH Castillèja híspida Castillèja suksdórfii perennial • 8–24" (20–60 cm) perennial • 12–20" (30–50 cm) rocky meadows, outcrops, roadsides wet meadows, streambanks early to middle: May to July middle to late: July to mid-August The inconspicuous, narrow, tubular flower of This rhizomatous moisture- lover has a rela- a paintbrush is adapted for hummingbird pol- tively short and wide inflorescence. The lination. The frequently red, long-lasting bracts broad bracts are mainly green with sharply are used to attract the birds but make them a defined, bright red tips, often separated by favorite of wildflower lovers as well. They can be a thin yellow band. They have up to 5 nar- difficult to identify, but close examination of the row lobes as do the upper leaves. Lower down corolla (a narrow tube with a long pointed upper the stem, the leaves have a single pair of lat- lip called a galea) and surrounding 4-lobed calyx eral lobes and eventually become entire. The makes it easier. Harsh paintbrush is a hairy, usu- stem is usually unbranched. While the bracts ally unbranched species that has wide leaves are hairy, the leaves are usually glabrous. The and red-tipped bracts with several pairs flower has a very long galea and sharply of round-tipped, lateral lobes. The calyx pointed calyx lobes. lobes are rounded and short and cover Suksdorf's paintbrush is a rare species much of the green and red corolla. found mainly in the Cascades between Harsh paintbrush occurs from south- Mt. Adams in Washington and the Three ern British Columbia to northern California, SIsters in Oregon, with a few populations east to Montana and Idaho. It is common as far north as the Olympics and south to in the northern half of Oregon but is large- Crater Lake. You can see it at Echo Basin, ly replaced by frosted paintbrush at the Cache Meadows, Tombstone Prairie, southern end of the Western Cascades. It Bruno Meadows, and Park Creek. adds much color to Cone Peak, and Coffin, Lowder, and Tire mountains. SCARLET PAINTBRUSH perennial • 16–32" (30–80 cm) moist meadows, roadsides Castillèja miniàta FROSTED PAINTBRUSH perennial • 8–24" (20–60 cm) middle to late: July to mid-August outcrops, gravelly open areas Castillèja pruinòsa Scarlet paintbrush is a tall, sometimes middle: mid-June to July branched, variable species with leaves that A dense covering of silvery hairs gives frosted are generally entire, although they may paintbrush its name. A closer look with a hand a shallow pair of lobes at the end. The lens reveals most of the hairs are branched, elongated inflorescence has bright red unique to this species. The lance-shaped leaves bracts with up to 5 sharply pointed lobes. may be entire or have 1–2 pairs of lateral They have less noticeable green at the base lobes and are often tinged purple. The colorful than harsh or Suksdorf's paintbrush. The bracts are mostly bright red with yellow to green corolla reaches well beyond the pointed at the base. They are deeply cleft into 3 lobes lobes of the calyx. Long glandular hairs and sharply pointed. The mostly red corolla make the inflorescence feel slimy. reaches well beyond the sharply pointed calyx This widespread species ranges from lobes. Alaska to California, east across Frosted paintbrush is found mainly in south- the western US and Canada. It western Oregon and northern California. Look is very common in the Western for it at Abbott Butte, Twin Lakes, Whitehorse Cascades and other mountains Meadows, and Lookout, Big Squaw, and of Oregon and can be seen at Hershberger mountains. Where their most of the sites in this book. ranges cross in southern Lane County, Good places to see it include populations with characteristics interme- Patterson Mountain, Table Rock, diate between this and harsh paintbrush Hemlock Lake, Park Creek, and may be the result of hybridization. Moon Point. 166 • Orobanchaceae Broomrape Family • 167 CLIFF PAINTBRUSH NARROW-leaf PAINTBRUSH Castillèja rupícola Castillèja attenuàta (Orthocarpus attenuatus) perennial • 4–10" (10–25 cm) cool, generally north-facing cliffs, outcrops annual • 4–14" (10–35 cm) early: May to June meadows middle: June Cliff paintbrush has a lacier appearance than the more common harsh paintbrush. Its 3–5 Narrowleaf paintbrush (or owl-clover as it used to lobed leaves are more deeply divided and be known) is a slender, single-stalked annual. It has narrower in the center. The bright red bracts green bracts deeply divided into 3 very narrow have as many as 7 slender lobes and, unlike lobes. Those near the top are tipped with white. most of our species, have no green at the The narrow linear leaves are entire except near the base. The prominent green corolla sticks out inflorescence where they are also divided into 3 of an acutely lobed calyx. The compact flow- slender lobes. The delicate flowers have a white er heads are on short, unbranched stalks. The upper lip with a conspicuous, upright beak. T h e whole plant is somewhat hairy and is pale lower lip has a yellow tip and maroon frequently tinged with purple. spots, and is slightly puffed up in 3 sec- Cliff paintbrush is an uncommon tions. The calyx also has narrow lobes.
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