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Allégations De Détentions Secrètes Et De Transferts Interétatiques Illégaux De Détenus Concernant Des Etats Membres Du Conseil De L’Europe

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Allégations De Détentions Secrètes Et De Transferts Interétatiques Illégaux De Détenus Concernant Des Etats Membres Du Conseil De L’Europe http://assembly.coe.int Doc. 10957 12 juin 2006 Allégations de détentions secrètes et de transferts interétatiques illégaux de détenus concernant des Etats membres du Conseil de l’Europe Rapport Commission des questions juridiques et des droits de l'homme Rapporteur: M. Dick MARTY, Suisse, Alliance des démocrates et des libéraux pour l'Europe Résumé C’est une véritable « toile d’araignée » à travers le monde que nous dévoile l’analyse du programme des « restitutions » de la CIA, analyse basée sur les données officielles fournies par les autorités de contrôle du trafic aérien, ainsi que sur d’autres informations. Cette « toile » se compose de plusieurs points d’atterrissage, que nous avons distingués en différentes catégories, reliés entre eux par des avions civils volant pour le compte de la CIA, ou par des avions militaires. L’analyse du fonctionnement de ce système et de dix cas de restitutions nous permet de tirer des conclusions à la fois quant aux violations des droits de l’homme qui se sont produites dans ce cadre - et dont certaines durent toujours - et quant aux responsabilités d’un certain nombre de pays membres du Conseil de l’Europe liés par la Convention Européenne des Droits de l’Homme et la Convention Européenne pour la Prévention de la Torture. Les Etats-Unis d’Amérique, Etat observateur auprès de notre Organisation, ont effectivement mis en place un système répréhensible, que nous estimons critiquable à la lumière des valeurs partagées des de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique. Mais nous pensons avoir établi que c’est seulement grâce à la collusion – intentionnelle ou gravement négligente – des partenaires européens que cette « toile » a pu s’étendre aussi à travers notre continent. Si des preuves au sens classique du terme ne sont pas encore disponibles, de nombreux éléments, cohérents et convergents, indiquent que des centres secrets de détention et des transferts illégaux de détenus ont bel et bien existé en Europe. Il ne s’agit pas de déclarer les autorités de ces pays « coupables » d’avoir toléré des lieux secrets de détention, mais de les tenir pour « responsables » de ne pas s’être conformés à l’obligation positive qui leur incombe de diligenter une enquête sérieuse en cas d’allégations crédibles de violation des droits fondamentaux. Les projets de résolution et de recommandation proposent différentes mesures afin que le terrorisme puisse être combattu efficacement tout en respectant les droits de l’homme. F - 67075 Strasbourg Cedex | [email protected] | Tel: +33 3 88 41 2000 | Fax: +33 3 88 41 2733 Doc. 10957 Rapport Sommaire Page A. Projet de résolution ..................................................................................................................................4 B. Projet de recommandation .......................................................................................................................8 C. Exposé des motifs.................................................................................................................................... 9 1. Les droits de l’homme : une simple option pour le beau temps ?.........................................................9 1.. Le 11 septembre 2001................................................................................................................... 9 1.. Guantanamo Bay.........................................................................................................................10 1.. Des prisons secrètes de la CIA en Europe ?............................................................................... 10 1.. La réaction du Conseil de l’Europe ..............................................................................................11 1.. Le Parlement Européen .............................................................................................................. 11 1.. Rapporteur ou enquêteur ? .........................................................................................................12 1.. Antiaméricanisme ? .................................................................................................................... 13 1.. Des preuves ?..............................................................................................................................13 2. La « toile d’araignée » mondiale........................................................................................................ 14 2.1. L’évolution du programme de restitutions.................................................................................. 14 2.2. Les composantes de la toile d’araignée.....................................................................................17 2.3. Établissement d’une base de données du mouvement des avions............................................19 2.4. Le fonctionnement de la toile d’araignée....................................................................................19 2.5. Opérations de restitution successives et détentions secrètes....................................................20 2.6. Centres de détention en Roumanie et en Pologne.....................................................................21 2.7. Les conséquences des restitutions sur le plan humain.............................................................. 24 3. Des exemples concrets documentés de restitutions.......................................................................... 28 3.1. Khaled El-Masri..........................................................................................................................28 3.2. Les « six Algériens »..................................................................................................................36 3.3. Ahmed Agiza et Mohammed Alzery (El Zari)............................................................................. 39 3.4. Abou Omar ................................................................................................................................41 3.5. Bisher Al-Rawi et Jamil El-Banna...............................................................................................41 3.6. Maher Arar.................................................................................................................................44 3.7. Muhammad Bashmila et Salah Ali Qaru.................................................................................... 45 3.8. Mohammed Zammar..................................................................................................................45 3.9. Binyam Mohamed al Habashi.................................................................................................... 46 4. Les lieux de détention secrets............................................................................................................49 4.1. Les images satellitaires..............................................................................................................49 4.2. Les mouvements d’avions documentés..................................................................................... 50 4.3. Les témoignages........................................................................................................................50 4.4. Evaluation.................................................................................................................................. 50 5. Détentions secrètes en République tchétchène.................................................................................50 5.1. Les travaux du Comité européen pour la prévention de la Torture (CPT)..................................51 5.2. Des témoignages récents accablants ....................................................................................... 51 6. L’attitude des gouvernements............................................................................................................ 51 7. Cas individuels : procédures judiciaires en cours...............................................................................54 7.1. Exemple positif : le parquet de Milan (affaire Abou Omar).........................................................54 7.2. A suivre : le parquet de Munich (affaire El-Masri) et de Zweibrücken (affaire Abou Omar)........54 7.3. A suivre également : l’affaire Al Rawi et El Banna .................................................................... 54 7.4. Suède : quelles suites de l’affaire Agiza et Alzery ?...................................................................54 7.5. Espagne.....................................................................................................................................54 7.6. La plainte de El-Masri aux Etats-Unis........................................................................................ 55 8. Les enquêtes parlementaires.............................................................................................................55 8.1. Allemagne..................................................................................................................................55 8.2. Royaume-Uni.............................................................................................................................55 8.3. Pologne : enquête parlementaire, en secret.............................................................................. 56 8.4. Roumanie et l'« ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine »: aucune enquête parlementaire...56 9. L'engagement contre le terrorisme.....................................................................................................56 9.1.
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