DOCSLIB.ORG

History of the Sodalities of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of the Sodalities of the Blessed Virgin Mary BX ./^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. dljap. @tqajttg|i Ifa* Shelf.V.O < UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ^istoru of tl)c Sooalittca Blessed Virgin Mary 21 Memorial THE TERCENTENARY JUBILEE 1^84-1884 Boston THOMAS B. NOONAN AND COMPANY 17-21 BOYLSTON STREET 1885 o°\ ^W*L% Copyright By Thomas B. Noonan & Co. The Library of Congress WASHINGTON tmp96 02903( ELECTROTYPED BY C. J. PETERS AND SON, BOSTON TO THE ERETHREN OF OUR LADY'S SODALITY IN THE UNITED STATES, ALREADY NUMEROUS, FERVENT, AND ORGANIZED, WE INSCRIBE THIS TRANSLATION OF A RECORD OF THREE CENTURIES, WHICH, ADORNED WITH THE RELIGIOUS GLORIES OF THE OLD WORLD, INVITES THE NEW TO PIOUS EMULATION IN THE CAUSE OF OUR COMMON PATRONESS. •preface to tfje ^Translation '"FHE present Tercentenary Jubilee which the * sodalities of the Blessed Virgin Mary enjoy- by a special privilege of His Holiness, Pope Leo XIII., induced Father Louis Delplace, S. J., to compile the historical sketch of which we offer 1 this English translation. The little volume that has thus sprung into existence is at once a dutiful tribute to Her under whose auspices and protec- tion the splendid achievements recorded in its pages were made possible, and a statement of facts that, together with a mass of incidental information, are of interest to all who would rightly estimate the strength and influence of the sodalities in the past three centuries. Besides, it contains an indirect exhortation to the faithful of our day, that they increase the fervor and con- tinue the extension of the venerable institution which has so long verified the scriptural maxim: M Good things continue with their seed, their pos- terity are a holy inheritance." The trophies of 1 Histoire des Congregations de ia Sainte Vierge. par le Pere L. Delplace, S. J. Souvenir du Jubile, 1584-1884. Imprimerie du Saint-Augustin : Desclee, de Brouwer et Cie., Lille et Bruges. v vi preface to tfje translation the ancestors should arouse their descendants to still greater successes. May there not be some present necessity for heeding this exhortation, if not in the point of numbers, perhaps, in the breadth of the work ? May not the spirit of some sodalities be contemplative rather than ac- tive — ascetical to the detriment of its apostolic character ? It is to be regretted that the space which Father Delplace allots to sodalities outside of Europe is rather contracted. Those of the United States alone might absorb an important chapter, and present large and edifying statistics. The devout client of the Immaculate who, before the end of the Jubilee year, would gather the materials for a sketch of the sodalities of the Union, to serve as an appendix to this history, would himself most worthily honor his Patroness and foster devotion to her in others. The translation is the product of a combined effort made by a group of ladies, who are mem- bers of a sodality of Enfants de Marie. If their ready and successful zeai be an index of the spirit that prevails throughout the sodalities, the speedy diffusion of this memorial volume with its consequent good is assured. — dTontcnta INTRODUCTION PAGE THE SODALITIES OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN ... 9 BOOK I THE FIRST SODALITIES (1563-1584) " CHAP. I. SODALITIES AT ROME BEFORE 1584 14 II. THE FIRST SODALITIES OUTSIDE OF ROME . 26 1. The Sodality at Paris 32 2. The Sodality at Douay 38 3. The Sodalities at Cologne and in Germany . 42 4. The Sodalities in Bayaria 50 \ The Sodality of Fribourg 54 6. The Sodalities at Lie^e and in the Netherlands, 57 APPENDIX Bull of Gregory XIII. , Granting Special Indulgences to the Sodality of Milan, at the Request of St. Charles Borromeo 64 BOOK II THE SODALITIES FROM 1584 TO THE SUPPRESSION OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS IN 1773 .... 68 CHAP. I. CANONICAL INSTITUTION OF THE SODALI- TIES 68 viii (Contents CHAP. PAGE II. DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE SODALITIES 76 III. EXTENSION OF THE SODALITIES, ESPECIALLY IN THE BELGIAN PROVINCES 85 IV. THE SODALITIES IN THE COLLEGES .... 95 V. THE SODALITIES OUTSIDE THE COLLEGES . 107 VI. SODALITIES OF PRIESTS 119 VII. EXAMPLES OF HOLINESS IN THE SODALITIES, 128 VIII. PERSECUTIONS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS . 143 BOOK III THE SODALITIES IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, 157 CHAP. I. THE SODALITIES FROM THE SUPPRESSION OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS UNTIL ITS RE- STORATION IN 1814 .157 II. THE EXTENSION OF THE SODALITIES SINC^ 1814 170 III. SODALITIES OF STUDENTS 187 IV. SODALITIES OF MEN . 207 V. IMPORTANCE OF SODALITIES IN OUR DAY . 225 APPENDIX— Brief of His Holiness Leo XIII. , Granting to all the sodalities of the blessed vlrgin the Favor of a Jubilee, on the Occasion of the Three Hundredth Anniversary of their Canonical In- stitution by Gregory XIII 236 INTRODUCTION SHje Srtalitiea of tlje Btaseti Ftrgm 1563-1884 /^N the fifth of December, 1884, three hundred ^-^ years will have elapsed since the day when the Apcstolic See confirmed and instituted canon- ically the work of the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin. Though the Sociality of the Roman Col- lege, established by Gregory XIII. in advance of all the rest, cannot celebrate its three hundredth anniversary in gladness, but must mingle tears of grief with the sweet memories of its origin, as it did a century ago yet the children of Mary ; must not pass over with indifference the mem- orable date of this third centennial jubilee. Sev- eral sodalities in Alsace and Bavaria have lately celebrated the three hundredth anniversary of their foundation ; and the festival at Fribourg in 188 1 was marked by a magnificence and devo- tion that won general admiration. The memory of their canonical affiliation to the Sodality of 9 io Entrotmctton the Roman College cannot fail to arouse in them a renewal of fervor. We hope that the sodalities now so numerous in the ' Catholic world will be interested in the historical sketch offered to them in these modest pages. It will give them details concerning the work of the clients of Mary, unimportant, no doubt, in the eyes of the world, but calculated to arouse a feeling of joy and rightful pride in the hearts of faithful sons of the Church, and espe- cially of devout sodalists. They will trace the spirit of the socialities and gather up blessed memories of an illustrious past, they will feel fresh courage to show themselves worthy of those who have gone before them, and perhaps some zealous servants of Mary may arise, eager to realize the aim of their spiritual union, and add good works and devotion, for the glory of God and the honor of her whom they have chosen for their special' Patroness. Book I 3Tfje Jirst Sodalities of tfje Blessrti Fftgm 1563 -1584 THE Middle Ages produced a great number of * associations, which under the name of confra- ternity, third order, or guild, gathered around the convent or parish church, the faithful of every rank and condition. "Whoever," says an English author, 1 "can separate himself from the nineteenth century, and read the historv of the fourteenth bv the lisrht of that period, will allow that confraternities were a powerful element of organization for all that was just and upright : law, morals, civilization, and, we may add, all the higher virtues, found in them val- uable support." The Society of Jesus, raised up by Providence to combat the false Reformation of the sixteenth century, understood from the beginning the power of organization to promote works of piety and 1 Richard Howlett, 1882, :i Monumenta Franciscana,'* Roll Se- ries, vol. II., Preface, p. xxvii. 12 STfje JHrst SoUaltttes of tfje iSlessetr Virgin Christian charity. In the year 1554, Saint Igna- tius encouraged Father Salmeron to establish, in the city of Naples, a sodality, whose members proposed to restore, by their example, the habit of frequent communion. 1 At Messina, Father Pe- ter Domenech instituted, during the holy founder's 2 life, the sociality of the Holy Name of Jesus, for the extirpation of blasphemy, and it extended into every country of the globe. Various other associations were founded under Jesuit influence, at Valencia, Messina, and Rome. 3 The principal aim of all was to restore to vigor the habit of frequenting the sacraments, and to organize aid for the poor and sick. But none of these insti- tutions assumed the proportions attained by the socialities of the Blessed Virgin. Let us study their beginnings and the spirit that nerved them in the earliest period of their exis- tence. The history of the Company, by Orlandini and his successors, the Annual Letters of the Society of Jesus, printed at Rome ever since the year 1581, and other works or documents from 1 "Historia Societatis Jesu," 1554, 36. This work, begun by Orlandini, and continued by Sacchini and others, is divided into parts, and subdivided into books. Each book corresponds to the history of a complete year; it is enough to indicate the year and number. 2 - H. S., 1554, 72. 3 S., ; 86. H. 1554, 71 1555, 17 ; 1558, £f)e Jtrst BotJah'ttcs of tijc Blessco Firgm 13 which we shall give faithful quotations, are the sources of our information. The reader will let us give in detail the early portion of the history of the sodalities ; for, the origin of an institution is always interesting. The fruits produced by the sodalities in the first twenty years of their existence, and the remarkable sanctity of the men who helped to found them, seem to us to deserve especial attention. i4 &ty &oiialtttes of tfje iSlessefc Virgin CHAPTER I £fje Sodalities of tfje Blesseti Uirgin at Eome before tfje gear 1584 THE sodalities took form and organization in * the colleges of the Company of Jesus, and from thence they spread throughout the world, diffusing a salutary influence among all classes of society.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Welsh Classical Dictionary
    A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’).
    [Show full text]
  • Marian Doctrine of Benedict XV Benedict XV
    University of Dayton eCommons Marian Reprints Marian Library Publications 1959 070 - Marian Doctrine of Benedict XV Benedict XV Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_reprints Part of the Religion Commons Recommended Citation XV, Benedict, "070 - Marian Doctrine of Benedict XV" (1959). Marian Reprints. Paper 46. http://ecommons.udayton.edu/marian_reprints/46 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Marian Library Publications at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Marian Reprints by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. MARIAN DOCTRINE OF BENEDICT XV Morion Reprint No.7O ABOUT THE TRANSTATION . Finally on the third of September His Eminence James Cardinal della Chiesa was elected Pope. The Cardinal Deacon asked: "You have been canonically elected Pope. Do you accept? " He was answered in the affirmative. Again he asked: "What name have you chosen for yourself?" The answer came quickly: "Benedict XV." (A.A.5., VI, p. 494) It aII happened quite suddenly. Pope Pius X was a seemingly healthy, though elderly, man. When, on August 15, I9L4, he was affIicted with a slight attack of bronchitis. no one considered it serious. But on the 19th, His Holiness took a decided turn for the worse, and on the following day, at 1:15 in the morning, he died "in the peace of Christ," probably more from a broken heart than from any physical ailment. For only months before, the assassination of the Archduke Francis Ferdinand presaged the early onslaught of the rvvar which had threatened Europe for so long.
    [Show full text]
  • Marian Calendar December 1
    Marian Calendar December 1 - Our Lady of Ratisbon, Bavaria (1842) One of the most famous examples of Our Lady’s bounty in granting favors to the wearers of the Miraculous Medal occurred less than ten years after the medal had been struck. Alphonse Rathisbonne was a French Jew who had no religion. When his brother Theodore became a Catholic and then a priest, Alphonse was filled with aversion. He was a typical intellectual of the nineteenth century, a worshipper of humanity, who sneered at anything spiritual in his pride and ignorance. In November 1841, Alphonse found himself in Rome, although his itinerary had not called for a stop in the Eternal City. There he met Baron de Bussiere. The Baron urgently requested him to wear the Miraculous Medal and to recite daily the prayer of Saint Bernard, “The Memorare.” Alphonse did so in the spirit of acceptance and of dare but without the slightest bit of faith. On January 20, 1842, Monsieur de Bussiere saw Alphonse walking along the street and invited him into his carriage. They stopped at Saint Andrea delle Fratee because the Baron wished to see a priest there. In order to kill time, Rathisbonne entered the church. He was not very much impressed and was walking around rather listlessly. Suddenly the church seemed to be plunged into darkness and all the light concentrated on one chapel. Very much startled he saw there our Blessed Mother bathed in glorious light, her face radiant. He went toward her. She motioned with her right hand for him to kneel.
    [Show full text]
  • Consecration and Entrustment to Mary
    Consecration and entrustment to Mary For centuries, Marian devotions among Roman Catholics have included many examples of personal or collective acts of consecration and entrustment to the Virgin Mary, with the Latin terms oblatio, servitus, commendatio and dedicatio having been used in this context.[2] Consecration is an act by which a person is dedicated to a sacred service, or an act which separates an object, location or region from a common and profane mode to one for sacred use.[3] The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments clarifies that in this context, "It should be recalled, however, that the term "consecration" is used here in a broad and non-technical sense: the expression is use of 'consecrating children to Our Lady', by which is intended placing children under her protection and asking her maternal blessing for them".[2] Consecration to the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholics has taken place from three perspectives, namely personal, societal and regional; and generally in three forms: to the Virgin herself, to the Immaculate Heart of Mary and to the Immaculata. In Catholic teachings, consecration to Mary does not diminish or substitute the love of God, but enhances it, for all consecration is ultimately made to God.[4] Pope Leo XIII, specially encouraged everyone to make acts of consecration to the Virgin Mary based on the methods of Saint Louis de Montfort. Pope Benedict XV also provided The Blessed Virgin Mary as the strong support for Marian consecration. Virgin of Mercy venerated as The Virgin of the Navigators, 1531–36, Early in the 20th century, Saint Maximilian Kolbe, called the "Apostle of with her protective mantle covering Consecration to Mary", began a vigorous program of promoting consecration to the those entrusted to her.[1] Immaculata.[5] Theologian Garrigou-Lagrange designated personal consecration to Mary as the highest level amongMarian devotions.
    [Show full text]
  • Time After Pentecost
    This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us.
    [Show full text]
  • The Christian Life Communities As Sprung from the Sodalities of Our Lady 45
    STUDIES in the Spirituality of Jesuits 1. The Christian Life Communities as Sprung from the Sodalities of Our Lady George E. Ganss, S.J. 2. A Specimen Copy of Communications from the International Service in Ignatian Spirituality, Rome Articles by Miss Jose Gsell Sister Franchise Vandermeersch Published by the American Assistancy Seminar on Jesuit Spirituality, especially for American Jesuits working out their aggiornamento in the spirit of Vatican Council II Vol. VII March, 1975 No. 2 THE AMERICAN ASSISTANCE SEMINAR ON JESUIT SPIRITUALITY consists of a group of Jesuits from various provinces who are listed below. The members were appointed by the Fathers Provincial of the United States. The purpose of the Seminar is to study topics pertaining to the spiritual doctrine and practice of Jesuits, especially American Jesuits, and to com- municate the results to the members of the Assistancy. The hope is that this will lead to further discussion among all American Jesuits — in pri- vate, or in small groups, or in community meetings. • All this is done in the spirit of Vatican Council II' s recommendation to religious institutes to recapture the original charismatic inspiration of their founders and to adapt it to the changed circumstances of modern times. The members of the Seminar welcome reactions or comments in regard to the topics they publish. To achieve these purposes, especially amid today's pluralistic cultures, the Seminar must focus its direct attention sharply, frankly, and specifi- cally on the problems, interests, and opportunities of the Jesuits of the United States. However, many of these interests are common also to Jesuits of other regions, or to other priests, religious men or women, or lay men or women.
    [Show full text]
  • Sodali+Y of Our Lady
    Sodali+y of Our Lady ■ ■ T H E Sodality of Our Lady, an association founded by the Society of Jesus and ap- ■ proved by the Holy See, is a religious body which aims at fostering in its members an ardent devotion, reverence, and filial love towards the Blessed Virgin Mary, and through this devotion and with the help of so good a Mother, it seeks to make the faith­ ful gathered under her name good Catholics, sincerely bent on sanctifying themselves, each in his state of life, and zealous, so far as their condition of life permits, to save and sanctify their neighbor, and to defend the Church of Jesus Christ against the attacks of the wicked.” Thus the official Sodality rule describes the end and nature of the Sodality. Dedicated to the Blessed Mother under her title of Our Lady of the Angels, the Sodality of St. Francis College sought particularly during the past year to stress especially the fundamental purpose of the organization — the personal sanctification of its members — in preference to those wider, more appealing, but less basic forms of Catholic Action which presented themselves. From the initial meeting in September, when Father Suther­ land as moderator urged the Sodalists to direct their zeal toward the improvement of those spiritual exercises already existing in the college, to the time of the Communion Breakfast at the end of the year, the program of the Sodality was a simple but intensive one to keep this aim foremost in the thoughts and activities of the members. Prayer and devotions in the chapel formed the nucleus from which the various functions of the Sodality grew.
    [Show full text]
  • True Devotion to the Blessed Virgin by St. Louis De Montfort
    Contents ● Introduction Part I: True Devotion To Our Lady in General ● Necessity of Devotion To Our Lady ● In What Devotion To Mary True Devotion Consists To Mary Part II: The Perfect (The Preparation Devotion to Our Lady For The Reign of ● The Perfect Consecration to Jesus Christ) Jesus Christ ● Motives Which Recommend This Devotion ● Rebecca and Jacob ● Wonderful Effects of This Devotion ● Particular Practices of This Devotion ● Supplement Introduction of Saint Louis Mary de Montfort TOP 1. It was through the Blessed Virgin Mary that Jesus came into the world, and it is also through her that he must reign in the world. 2. Because Mary remained hidden during her life she is called by the Holy Spirit and the Church "Alma Mater", Mother hidden and unknown. So great was her humility that she desired nothing more upon earth than to remain unknown to herself and to others, and to be known only to God. 3. In answer to her prayers to remain hidden, poor and lowly, God was pleased to conceal her from nearly every other human creature in her conception, her birth, her life, her mysteries, her resurrection and assumption. Her own parents did not really know her; and the angels would often ask one another, "Who can she possibly be?", for God had hidden her from them, or if he did reveal anything to them, it was nothing compared with what he withheld. 4. God the Father willed that she should perform no miracle during her life, at least no public one, although he had given her the power to do so.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pittsburgh Catholic It
    THE PITTSBURGH •FfPggMii Founded in 18U by Rev. Michael O'Connor, First Bishop oj Pittsburgh Diocese ssssss Yttf sa PITTSBURGH, DECEMBER 25, 1924 im Vincentians Hold DR. COAKLEY CONCLUDES HIS TRILOGY ON Quartiers Record Breaking ARCHITECTURE IN RELATION TO OUR CHURCHES McKeesport Meet Says Architects Should Know Fabrication and Origin of Material»—Even Suggests Architect Should Be Something of a Theologian. Tells of Sacred Congregation of Rites President Barry Points Out Sun 'Kilties Band of Teck" Gta» Ds- Never Sets on This Great Charity lightful Musical Treat le CfciUr** Organization of the Church The third, and, for the present, problems that constantly arise in leads one's mind back to the days aad Timi Ha« Teniae» Uff» last interview with Father Coakley building construction. He must when the arts were the repositories (Special to Ttm Pittaburvh Cath.-!l<-) in respect to traditional ecclesias- have a thorough knowledge of the of the mysteries of natural faiths, O I» Ito McKEESPORT, Pa., Dec. 20.—The tical architecture continues to sup- properties, uses and the best dispo- and then became the spontaneous port the ground taken in the two sitions of building materials. He expression of man's belief in Christ CRAFTOf 'Thu, Dec. lf^-JTIm largest meeting in the history of the children at iA. Paul's Orphan Atr- McKeesport Particular Council of preceding interviews. It will prob- must know much of the varieties of and in His Church. And the reac- ium were treated to something "dif- the St. Vincent de Paul Society was ably be remembered that
    [Show full text]
  • STROGANOV MINYEIAS NOVEMBER Side One Row 1
    STROGANOV MINYEIAS NOVEMBER Side One Row 1 November 1: Saints Cosmas and Damian of Mesopotamia – The brothers Cosmas and Damian were known healers and miracle workers during their lifetimes. Stories of their miracle working continued after their deaths. They traveled throughout the area now known as Turkey and tended to those who were ill and injured, refusing any payment from those they helped. These saints should not be confused with Saints Cosmas and Damian of Rome (celebrated July 1) or Saints Cosmas and Damian of Arabia (celebrated October 17). November 1: Saint Theodota of Mesopotamia – Saint Theodota was the mother of martyrs Cosmas and Damian. It was Theodota who taught her sons scripture and helped them to become physicians. November 1: Saint Juliana of Cilicia – Saint Juliana was a 4th century Christian who was arrested during the reign of emperor Maximian Galerius (305-311). She was publicly humiliated before her execution. November 2: Saints Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpidophorus, and Anempodistus – Saint Acindy- nus and those with him lived in Persia in the 4th century during the reign of King Shapur II (309-379. The King initially was tolerant of the Christians in his realm however he began to mistrust them after his enemy Roman Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity, distrust turned to hostility when war broke out between the two nations in 337. Acindynus, Pegasius, Aphthonius, Elpidophorus, and Anempodistus were martyred alongside some 7000 other Christians. November 3: Saints Akepsimas, Joseph, and Aithalas – These three saints were Christian leaders in Persia during the reign of King Shapur II. Akepsimas was Bishop of Persia, Joseph was a Priest, and Aithalas a Deacon.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Southwell and the Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin. Lilla
    “No tombe but throne”: Robert Southwell and the Assumption and Coronation of the Virgin. Lilla Grindlay Sutton Valence School On 21 February 1595, the crowds flocked to Tyburn to witness the brutal theatrical spectacle of a man being hanged, drawn and quartered. The man on the scaffold was a Jesuit priest; he was dying for love, both of his Saviour and of the Catholic faith. His mildness and dignity are said to have moved the crowd, and when the hangman finally held up his severed head, it was reported that many signed themselves with the cross.1 The man was Robert Southwell, who had landed on England’s shores from Rome in 1586 and, prior to his capture in 1591, had been a driving force behind London’s underground Catholic movement. Southwell was a poet as well as a priest, and by the time of his death his verse had already caught the attention of the University Wits (Devlin 223). But although he spent much of his time in the houses of rich and influential recusant families, Southwell was no gentleman love poet. For him, the roles of priest and poet combined, and he wrote only sacred verse, displaying an exemplary post-Tridentine view of art’s didactic and sacred purpose. He also took a vehement stance against the love poetry of the age, claiming that poets who make “the follies and feyninges of love the customary subject of theire base endeavors” were guilty of abusing both their talents and poetry itself.2 1 An account of Southwell’s death is given in “Leake’s Relation of the Martyrdom of Father Southwell”, Stonyhurst MSS.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/23/2021 10:21:27AM Via Free Access Chapter 4 Pilgrimage
    Ruben Suykerbuyk - 9789004433106 Downloaded from Brill.com09/23/2021 10:21:27AM via free access Chapter 4 Pilgrimage The Public Debate on Images, Miracles and Pilgrims The direct causes of the 1566 Beeldenstorm were diverse and cannot possibly be reduced to a single factor, but the acts themselves were a physical and material expression of a body of critiques that had become common ground among Protestants all over Europe. One of the most controversial subjects was the veneration of saints, relics and images, which, in turn, were the driving force behind the pil- grimage phenomenon. Harking back to the ban on the making and adoration (adorare in the Vulgate, latreia in the Septuagint) of imag- es (resp. sculptile or eidolon) in the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20, 1–17; Deuteronomy 5, 4–21), Protestant reformers judged their use and paying honor to them to be idolatrous, distracting the attention of the people from the genuine devotion to God. Luther, Zwingli and Calvin all fulminated against such Catholic practices, although their individual standpoints significantly differed, varying from rather tolerant in Luther’s case to virtually encouraging iconoclasm in the case of Zwingli.1 Protestant Critiques After his initial fierce criticism, Luther developed an increasingly moderate attitude. In the series of sermons he held in Wittenberg in early March 1522 to end the disorderly course of the Unruhen, he presented images as adiaphora, things that in themselves are neither good nor bad. His key distinction was between exterior idolatry, di- rected to images, and the much more dangerous interior cult of idols ‘which every person [has] in his or heart’, such as money.2 Inasmuch as images could help believers to worship God, they were certainly to be allowed in Luther’s view.
    [Show full text]