Bulletin D'information Archéologique, N° 51, Janvier-Juin 2015
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SOMMAIRE SYSTÈME DE TRANSLITTÉRATION……3 ÉDITORIAL...............................................5 SOMMAIRE...............................................7 I – JANVIER 2015 JEUDI 1ER JANVIER 2015 9 SAMEDI 3 JANVIER 2015 11 MERCREDI 7 JANVIER 2015 12 DIMANCHE 11 JANVIER 2015 15 LUNDI 12 JANVIER 2015 16 MARDI 13 JANVIER 2015 16 MERCREDI 14 JANVIER 2015 17 JEUDI 15 JANVIER 2015 18 SAMEDI 17 JANVIER 2015 21 DIMANCHE 18 JANVIER 2015 21 MARDI 20 JANVIER 2015 22 MERCREDI 21 JANVIER 2015 23 JEUDI 22 JANVIER 2015 24 MARDI 27 JANVIER 2015 27 MERCREDI 28 JANVIER 2015 27 JEUDI 29 JANVIER 2015 28 VENDREDI 30 JANVIER 2015 31 II – FÉVRIER 2015 MARDI 3 FÉVRIER 2015 33 MERCREDI 4 FÉVRIER 2015 33 JEUDI 5 FÉVRIER 2015 34 MARDI 10 FÉVRIER 2015 39 MERCREDI 11 FÉVRIER 2015 39 MARDI 17 FÉVRIER 2015 43 MERCREDI 18 FÉVRIER 2015 44 JEUDI 12 FÉVRIER 2015 46 MARDI 24 FÉVRIER 2015 48 JEUDI 26 FÉVRIER 2015 49 III – MARS 2015 MARDI 3 MARS 2015 53 MERCREDI 4 MARS 2015 54 JEUDI 5 MARS 2015 56 VENDREDI 6 MARS 2015 56 DIMANCHE 8 MARS 2015 56 LUNDI 9 MARS 2015 58 JEUDI 12 MARS 2015 59 MERCREDI 14 MARS 2015 61 DIMANCHE 15 MARS 2015 61 MARDI 17 MARS 2015 62 MERCREDI 18 MARS 2015 62 JEUDI 19 MARS 2015 63 DIMANCHE 22 MARS 2015 65 LUNDI 23 MARS 2015 66 MARDI 24 MARS 2015 67 MERCREDI 25 MARS 2015 68 JEUDI 26 MARS 2015 68 SAMEDI 28 MARS 2015 72 DIMANCHE 29 MARS 2015 72 LUNDI 30 MARS 2015 73 IV – AVRIL 2015 MERCREDI 1ER AVRIL 2015 75 JEUDI 2 AVRIL 2015 76 VENDREDI 3 AVRIL 2015 80 SAMEDI 4 AVRIL 2015 81 LUNDI 6 AVRIL 2015 81 MARDI 7 AVRIL 2015 81 MERCREDI 8 AVRIL 2015 81 JEUDI 9 AVRIL 2015 82 SAMEDI 11 AVRIL 2015 88 DIMANCHE 12 AVRIL 2015 88 MARDI 14 AVRIL 2015 89 JEUDI 16 AVRIL 2015 90 VENDREDI 17 AVRIL 2015 90 SAMEDI 18 AVRIL 2015 91 LUNDI 20 AVRIL 2015 91 MARDI 21 AVRIL 2015 92 MERCREDI 22 AVRIL 2015 92 JEUDI 23 AVRIL 2015 96 DIMANCHE 26 AVRIL 2015 99 LUNDI 27 AVRIL 2015 101 MARDI 28 AVRIL 2015 102 MERCREDI 29 AVRIL 2015 102 JEUDI 30 AVRIL 2015 103 V – MAI 2015 SAMEDI 2 MAI 2015 107 DIMANCHE 3 MAI 2015 107 MARDI 5 MAI 2015 108 MERCREDI 6 MAI 2015 109 JEUDI 7 MAI 2015 111 SAMEDI 9 MAI 2015 112 DIMANCHE 10 MAI 2015 112 LUNDI 11 MAI 2015 112 MARDI 12 MAI 2015 113 MERCREDI 13 MAI 2015 115 JEUDI 14 MAI 2015 117 VENDREDI 15 MAI 2015 122 DIMANCHE 17 MAI 2015 123 MARDI 19 MAI 2015 124 MERCREDI 20 MAI 2015 126 JEUDI 21 MAI 2015 130 VENDREDI 22 MAI 2015 137 DIMANCHE 24 MAI 2015 138 MARDI 26 MAI 2015 138 MERCREDI 27 MAI 2015 139 JEUDI 28 MAI 2015 140 DIMANCHE 31 MAI 2015 143 VI – JUIN 2015 LUNDI 1ER JUIN 2015 145 MARDI 2 JUIN 2015 145 MERCREDI 3 JUIN 2015 146 SAMEDI 6 JUIN 2015 149 LUNDI 8 JUIN 2015 149 MARDI 9 JUIN 2015 150 MERCREDI 10 JUIN 2015 150 JEUDI 11 JUIN 2015 152 SAMEDI 13 JUIN 2015 154 DIMANCHE 14 JUIN 2015 155 LUNDI 15 JUIN 2015 155 MERCREDI 17 JUIN 2015 155 VENDREDI 19 JUIN 2015 156 DIMANCHE 21 JUIN 2015 156 LUNDI 22 JUIN 2015 157 MARDI 23 JUIN 2015 159 JEUDI 25 JUIN 2015 159 DIMANCHE 28 JUIN 2015 161 MARDI 30 JUIN 2015 162 TOCPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFP AGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGER EFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAG EREFPAGEREFPAGEREFPAGEREF VII – INDEX………………………..…………163 I – JANVIER 2015 Jeudi 1er janvier 2015 Earlier this week, brouhaha broke out in the media over the sale of Baron EMPAIN’s Palace in Heliopolis when it was reported that the Nâsir Social Bank had sold the legendary palace at auction for almost LE7 million. However, the news turned out to be unfounded, with Mustafa Amîn, secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, telling Al-Ahram Weekly that the reports were based on a misunderstanding. “The palace is owned by the government and cannot be sold. This would be against the law and the constitution,” Amîn said, adding that the building was on Egypt’s Antiquities List, which is protected by law 117 of 1983 and amendments in 2010. According to the law, the building is public property and cannot be sold to a private owner. He said that the property that had been sold was a house in al-Thawra Street in Heliopolis that had once been owned by Baron EMPAIN’s family and this had caused the misunderstanding. Amîn said that the palace had been owned by the Housing Ministry until 2009, when it was transferred to the Antiquities Ministry as it was put on the Antiquities List of Islamic and Coptic Monuments according to ministerial decree number 1297 of 1993. Muhsin Sayyid, former head of the Islamic and Coptic antiquities department at the Ministry of Antiquities, told the Weekly that several attempts had been made by the former Egyptian-Saudi owners to restore the building and convert it into a luxury hotel or night club, but the attempts had failed because the planned restoration works were rejected by the Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), now the ministry, as they did not follow strict enough standards. In 2005, Sayyid said, the cabinet had agreed to transfer the ownership of the palace to the SCA and compensate the owners by offering them a 115-feddan plot of land in New Cairo. The palace was then completely cleaned, and the bats were removed from the building. In 2007, an Indian company suggested that it would restore the palace and embarked on an inspection tour of the building, taking photographs and carrying out a detailed architectural survey. However, in the event the company did not start the restoration. Antiquities Minister Mamdûh al-Damâtî recently carried out an inspection tour of the palace and gave the go-ahead for the 2010 restoration project in collaboration with a Belgian mission. The project had come to a halt after budgetary problems in the wake of the 25 January Revolution. The Belgian restoration project was revived in 2012, and it aims at ending the deterioration of the palace, restoring it to its former glory by transforming it into an international cultural centre. A small museum showing the history of Heliopolis from 1907 to 1911, the period in which the palace was built, will be set up in the Centre. Documents and rare books from the same era are also scheduled be exhibited. A small jewellery museum, a ceremonial hall and a meeting room are also in the works. The palace walls will be restored, cracks filled and decorations restored. al-Damâtî told the Weekly that a month ago the ministry had carried out minor restoration and consolidation of a number of the palace’s decorative elements and sections facing problems. He said that the ministry was reviewing the Belgian restoration plan and studying the palace’s architecture in an attempt to draw up a complete restoration project that would allow for future use. He also announced that revenues from ceremonies held in the Palace’s gardens would be allocated to the restoration budget. Baron EMPAIN’s Palace was built in 1906 to be the residence of the Belgian industrialist Edouard EMPAIN who came to Egypt in 1904 to construct a railway line linking the lower Egyptian city of Mansûra to Matariyya on the far side of Lake Manzala. French architect Alexandre MARCEL built him the palace in the Avenue of Palaces in Heliopolis (now al-‘Urûba Street), being inspired by the Cambodian temple of Angkor Wat and the Hindu temple of Orissa. Marcel incorporated into the external design reproductions of a variety of human figures, statues of Indian dancers, elephants, snakes, Buddhas, Shivas and Krishnas. MARCEL’s colleague Georges-Louis CLAUDE designed the interior and the decoration. Both architects were well-known at the time, and they had already constructed the Oriental Pavilion attached to the Royal Palace of Laeken in Belgium. The palace consists of two floors and a small extension near the roof. Windows studded with small pieces of Belgian glass were especially created so as not to lose sight of the sun during the day. Construction was completed in 1911, and the palace was surrounded by a landscaped garden adorned with ascending green terraces, each with its own set of marble statues and exotic vegetation. EMPAIN died at Woluwe in Belgium in 1929, but his body was brought back to Egypt for burial under the Basilica of Notre Dame in Heliopolis. Three generations of EMPAINS then occupied the palace, but in 1957 it was sold by its owners and began to fall into ruin. Some parts of the Indian decorative elements and sculptures crumbled and fell away, and the beautifully designed parquet floors and gold-plated doorknobs went astray. As negligence took its toll, the palace became the abode of bats, which in an odd way suited its Gothic aspect. The gilded ceilings, the decorations and the famed Belgian mirrors that once graced the walls were hidden by bats and bat droppings. Rumours about the palace spread, and to many it became a house of horror. Some said that it was used by drug dealers as a storage space for illicit goods, while others believed it was haunted by devils and called it the “House of Vampires” or “Count Dracula’s Castle”. The Palace’s neighbours called it the “Ghost House,” claiming to hear the sound of voices and dragging furniture in the middle of the night while the lights in the garden lit up and turned off suddenly.