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Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi
YEREVAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY AFTER M. HERATSI DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY Balasanyan M.G. Zhamharyan A.G. Afrikyan Sh. G. Khachaturyan M.S. Manjikyan A.P. MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY HANDOUT for the 3-rd-year pharmacy students (part 2) YEREVAN 2017 Analgesic Agents Agents that decrease pain are referred to as analgesics or as analgesics. Pain relieving agents are also called antinociceptives. An analgesic may be defined as a drug bringing about insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness. Pain has been classified into the following types: physiological, inflammatory, and neuropathic. Clearly, these all require different approaches to pain management. The three major classes of drugs used to manage pain are opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, and non opioids with the central analgetic activity. Narcotic analgetics The prototype of opioids is Morphine. Morphine is obtained from opium, which is the partly dried latex from incised unripe capsules of Papaver somniferum. The opium contains a complex mixture of over 20 alkaloids. Two basic types of structures are recognized among the opium alkaloids, the phenanthrene (morphine) type and the benzylisoquinoline (papaverine) type (see structures), of which morphine, codeine, noscapine (narcotine), and papaverine are therapeutically the most important. The principle alkaloid in the mixture, and the one responsible for analgesic activity, is morphine. Morphine is an extremely complex molecule. In view of establish the structure a complicated molecule was to degrade the: compound into simpler molecules that were already known and could be identified. For example, the degradation of morphine with strong base produced methylamine, which established that there was an N-CH3 fragment in the molecule. -
Crowdsourcing Analysis of Off-Label Intervention Usage in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclersosis
CROWDSOURCING ANALYSIS OF OFF-LABEL INTERVENTION USAGE IN AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLERSOSIS A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Benjamin I. Mertens In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree B.S. in Biomedical Engineering with the Research Option in the Wallace H. Coulter School of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Spring 2017 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my research advisor, Dr. Cassie Mitchell, first and foremost, for helping me through this long process of research, analysis, writing this thesis and the corresponding article to be submitted for peer-reviewed journal publication. There is no way I could have done this, or written it as eloquently without her. Next, I would like to acknowledge Grant Coan, Gloria Bowen, and Nathan Neuhart for all helping me on the road to writing this paper. Lastly, I would like to thank Dr. Lena Ting for her consultation as the faculty reader. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 LIST OF TABLES 4 LIST OF FIGURES 5 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 6 SUMMARY 7 CHAPTERS 1 Philosophy 9 2 Crowdsourced Off-label Medications to Extend ALS Disease Duration 12 Introduction 12 Methodology 15 Results 18 Discussion 25 Tables 33 Figures 38 APPENDIX A: All Table 2 Appearance in Patients and Visits 44 APPENDIX B: All Table 3 Appearance in Patients and Visits 114 REFERENCES 129 3 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1: Database Overview 33 Table 2: Ontology of Individual Medications 34 Table 3: Ontology of Intervention Groups 36 4 LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1: Relational circle -
Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault
Chapter 3 Drug/Alcohol Facilitated Sexual Assault “No drug, not even alcohol, causes the fundamental ills of society. If we’re looking for the source of our troubles, we shouldn’t test people for drugs, we should test them for stupidity, ignorance, greed and love of power.” ~ P.J. O’Rourke (1947- ) American humorist & journalist OBJECTIVES FOR THIS CHAPTER . Increase awareness and knowledge about alcohol, drugs and sexual assault . Understand the link between alcohol and sexual assault . Know the appropriate actions to take if a drugging is suspected ALCOHOL, DRUGS AND SEXUAL ASSAULT: AN INTRODUCTION1, 2 “I woke up and I wasn’t in my bed. I had no idea how I had got there, or if I have been with someone. I wondered what had happened to me, and I wondered why I couldn’t remember…” Alcohol and drugs are often weapons used by perpetrators to facilitate sexual assault. With all the news about predatory drugs, we sometimes forget that alcohol is the most common drug associated with sexual assault. Since alcohol is cheap, readily and legally available, and common among adolescents and young adults, it is important to understand the connection between alcohol and sexual assault. Note: Alcohol does not cause sexual violence nor does it give an offender an excuse to commit a sex crime. 1 Quinn, Kathleen M. “Drugs and Sexual Assault: A Dangerous Mix.” Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault Fall 2002 Coalition Commentary (Fall 2002.) Web. 23 September 2010. 2Predatory Drugs: Don’t Let Your Guard Down. Saint Louis Park, MN: Bacchus & Gamma. 2002. Print. -
A Date Rape Drug
MOJ Toxicology Short Communication Open Access A contemporary facet on rohypnol: a date rape drug Abstract Volume 4 Issue 1 - 2018 Rohypnol is the common name for a drug called Flunitrazepam, the slang term used Priyanshu Jain, Navjot Kaur Kanwal is roofies. Rohypnol is believed to be most commonly used drug in commission of drug Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, Dr. H.S Gour assisted Sexual assaults in the United States, the United Kingdom, and throughout Europe, Central University, India Asia and South America and very popular in clubs and rave parties. This drug being colourless, odourless and flavourless is simply slipped in a drink, or mixed in any food Correspondence: Navjot Kaur Kanwal, Department of supplement without being suspected and is used to robe, rape or harm people therefore Criminology and Forensic Science Dr. H.S Gour Central infamously called as Date rape drugs. It is a strong hypnotic, a sedative ; an anticonvulsant; University, Sagar, India, Email [email protected] an anxiolytic ; an amnestic ; and skeletal muscle relaxant. Present paper concisely states about the effects of such drugs, scenarios, attempts to explore various analytical methods Received: December 04, 2017 | Published: January 08, 2018 available & challenges regarding its analysis posed before the toxicologist and law enforcing authorities. This communication has been sourced from scientific literature available in electronic databases and traditional literature available. Keywords: rohypnol, hypnotic, sedative, central nervous system, toxicologist Introduction One of the infamous drug among Date rape drugs, a Benzodiazepine which is a central nervous system depressant. Roche (a healthcare and Date Rape drugs usually applies to the drugs that renders us pharmaceutical company) started selling flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) in incapable of saying no, it causes sedation, impaired motor skills, 1975. -
Date Rape Drugs in Sexual Assaults: a Threat to Indian Society
European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 07, 2020 Date Rape Drugs in Sexual Assaults: A Threat to Indian Society Gaurav Singh1, Pratik Singh2, Piyush Jyoti3 1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Forensic Science & Toxicology Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 2,3Students of M.Sc. Forensic Science, Department of Forensic Science & Toxicology Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab Email: [email protected] Abstract: The increasing cases of sexual assaults and rape worldwide have made it very challenging for the various nations to deal with it. We are witnessing a huge technological advancement all over the seas. But so far, we have not been able to find any proper solution to deal with these types of crimes. If we talk about India, one of the fastest growing crimes are rape and sexual crimes of women and children. Rape is prevalent in both rural as well as urban areas, and now the cases of sexual assaults are being increasing in the group of high class and literate people. One of the major reasons for that is the increasing drug and alcohol abuse, which have a direct relation with increasing cases of sexual assault cases in the nation. About 70% of the sexual assault cases in India are reported which is committed while the Accused, victim or both are under the intoxication of some kind of drug or alcohol. The use of one such drug called the ‘Date Rape Drugs’ is becoming very prevalent in India. These drugs are used for exploiting the victim for the drug facilitated sexual intercourse. -
Triazolam Impairs Avoidance Reaction-A Scientific Proof Why the Victim Does Not Escape from Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults
orensic P F sy f c o h l o a l n o r g u y o J Journal of Forensic Psychology Shimizu et al., J Foren Psy 2016, 1:2 ISSN: 2475-319X DOI: 10.4172/2475-319X.1000108 Research Article Open Access Triazolam Impairs Avoidance Reaction-A Scientific Proof Why the Victim does not Escape from Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assaults Keiko Shimizu1*, Tomohiro Ohmura2, Katsuhiro Okuda1, Masaru Asari2, Hiroshi Shiono1 and Kazuo Matsubara2 1Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Japan 2Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan *Corresponding author: Keiko Shimizu, Department of Legal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan, Tel: 81 166 682433; Fax: 81 166 682439; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: Mar 8, 2016; Accepted date: Jul 6, 2016; Published date: Jul 13, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Shimizu K, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Following closely behind levels in Western countries, the number of drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSAs), involving the illicit use of medicine, has been recently increasing in Japan. Tirazolam is the most frequently used date-rape drug in DFSAs occurring in Japan. In this study, the effect of triazolam on behavior in response to fear and anxiety was evaluated using an elevated plus-maze test in mice. Triazolam-treated animals (0.01 mg/kg) showed no significant difference in total locomotor activity compared with vehicle-treated mice (controls). -
Cell Surface Mobility of GABAB Receptors Saad Bin
Cell surface mobility of GABAB receptors Saad Bin Hannan September 2011 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University College London Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK Declaration ii ‘I, Saad Hannan confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.' ____________________ Saad Hannan September 2011 To Ammu, Abbu, Polu Abstract ivi Abstract Type-B γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABABRs) are important for mediating slow inhibition in the central nervous system and the kinetics of their internalisation and lateral mobility will be a major determinant of their signalling efficacy. Functional GABABRs require R1 and R2 subunit co-assembly, but how heterodimerisation affects the trafficking kinetics of GABABRs is unknown. Here, an α- bungarotoxin binding site (BBS) was inserted into the N-terminus of R2 to monitor receptor mobility in live cells. GABABRs are internalised via clathrin- and dynamin- dependent pathways and recruited to endosomes. By mutating the BBS, a new technique was developed to differentially track R1a and R2 simultaneously, revealing the subunits internalise as heteromers and that R2 dominantly-affects constitutive internalisation of GABABRs. Notably, the internalisation profile of R1aR2 heteromers, but not R1a homomers devoid of their ER retention motif (R1ASA), is similar to R2 homomers in heterologous systems. The internalisation of R1aASA was slowed to that of R2 by mutating a di-leucine motif in the R1 C-terminus, indicating a new role for heterodimerisation, whereby R2 subunits slow the internalization of surface GABABRs. -
Notice of Final Decisions to Amend (Or Not Amend) the Current Poisons Standard
Notice of final decisions to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard Final decisions and reasons for New Chemical Entities and medicines and chemicals referred to the November 2018 scheduling meetings 26 April 2019 Scheduling amendments referred to expert advisory committee Subdivision 3D.2 of the Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990 (the Regulations) sets out the procedure to be followed where the Secretary receives an application under section 52EAA of the Therapeutic Goods Act 1989 (the Act) to amend the current Poisons Standard and decides to refer the proposed amendment to an expert advisory committee. These include, under regulation 42ZCZK, that the Secretary publish (in a manner the Secretary considers appropriate) the proposed amendment to be referred to an expert advisory committee, the committee to which the proposed amendment will be referred, and the date of the committee meeting. The Secretary must also invite public submissions to be made to the expert advisory committee by a date mentioned in the notice as the closing date, allowing at least 20 business days after publication of the notice. Such a notice relating to the final decisions herein was made available on the TGA website at Scheduling advisory committees: invitations for public comment on 31 August 2018 and closed on 28 September 2018. Public submissions received on or before this closing date were published on the TGA website at Public submissions on scheduling matters referred to the ACMS #25, ACCS #23 and Joint ACMS-ACCS #20 meetings held in November 2018, in accordance with regulation 42ZCZL. Under regulation 42ZCZN of the Regulations, the Secretary, after considering the advice or recommendation of the expert advisory committee, must (subject to regulation 42ZCZO) make an interim decision in relation to the proposed amendment. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Disposition of T Oxic Drugs and Chemicals
Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, Eleventh Edition Eleventh Edition in Man and Chemicals Drugs Toxic Disposition of The purpose of this work is to present in a single convenient source the current essential information on the disposition of the chemi- cals and drugs most frequently encountered in episodes of human poisoning. The data included relate to the body fluid concentrations of substances in normal or therapeutic situations, concentrations in fluids and tissues in instances of toxicity and the known metabolic fate of these substances in man. Brief mention is made of specific analytical procedures that are applicable to the determination of each substance and its active metabolites in biological specimens. It is expected that such information will be of particular interest and use to toxicologists, pharmacologists, clinical chemists and clinicians who have need either to conduct an analytical search for these materials in specimens of human origin or to interpret 30 Amberwood Parkway analytical data resulting from such a search. Ashland, OH 44805 by Randall C. Baselt, Ph.D. Former Director, Chemical Toxicology Institute Bookmasters Foster City, California HARD BOUND, 7” x 10”, 2500 pp., 2017 ISBN 978-0-692-77499-1 USA Reviewer Comments on the Tenth Edition “...equally useful for clinical scientists and poison information centers and others engaged in practice and research involving drugs.” Y. Caplan, J. Anal. Tox. “...continues to be an invaluable and essential resource for the forensic toxicologist and pathologist.” D. Fuller, SOFT ToxTalk “...has become an essential reference book in many laboratories that deal with clinical or forensic cases of poisoning.” M. -
Volume 28.Pdf
CBRNE Terrorism Newsletter 2 «Η διεθνής τρομοκρατία θα τελειώσει μόνον όταν αποκτήσουμε το θάρρος να καθίσουμε και να μιλήσουμε με τον μουσουλμανικό κόσμο, αντί να προκαλούμε νέες κρίσεις ή να αρχίζουμε νέους πολέμους» Sir Βασίλειος Μαρκεζίνης* Καθηγητής Δικαίου (UK) * Ο Sir Βασίλειος Μαρκεζίνης διετέλεσε Καθηγητής στο Κέημπριτζ, την Οξφόρδη και το Λονδίνο, κατείχε δε, επίσης έδρα στο Λάηντεν (Ολλανδία) και στο Ώστιν του Τέξας (ΗΠΑ). Επιπλέον, έχει διδάξει σε είκοσι πέντε Πανεπιστήμια ανά τον κόσμο, έχει συγγράψει τριάντα τρία βιβλία και πάνω από εκατόν τριάντα νομικά άρθρα, τα οποία έχουν δημοσιευθεί σε νομικά περιοδικά σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο. Τα έργα του έχουν μεταφρασθεί στα γερμανικά, γαλλικά, ιταλικά, πορτογαλικά και κινεζικά. Είναι Μέλος της Βρετανικής Ακαδημίας, Αντεπιστέλλον Μέλος της Γαλλικής Ακαδημίας και της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών, Ξένος Εταίρος της Βελγικής, της Ολλανδικής και της Ιταλικής (Academia dei Lincei) Ακαδημίας, όπως επίσης και του Αμερικανικού Ινστιτούτου Δικαίου. Από το 1997 φέρει τον τίτλο του Επίτιμου Συμβούλου της Βασίλισσας της Αγγλίας (Queen's Counsel), ενώ από το 2000 είναι Ειδικός Επιστημονικός Σύμβουλος του Πρώτου Προέδρου του Γαλλικού Ακυρωτικού (Cour de Cassation). Το 2005 έλαβε τον τίτλο του Ιππότη από τη Βασίλισσα Ελισάβετ ΙΙ για τις εξαίρετες υπηρεσίες που έχει προσφέρει στις διεθνείς νομικές σχέσεις. Επιπλέον, έχει λάβει εξαιρετικά υψηλές τιμές από τους Προέδρους Μιτεράν και Σιράκ (της Γαλλίας), Σκάλφαρο και Τσιάμπι (της Ιταλίας) και φον Βάιτσκερ και Χέρτσοκ (της Γερμανίας). Τέλος, από το 2007 είναι Μέλος του Διοικητικού Συμβουλίου του Κοινωφελούς Ιδρύματος «Αλέξανδρος Σ. Ωνάσης». Μ ΒΡΕΤΑΝΙΑ Εκλογή πρώτου μουσουλμάνου υπουργού Ο μουσουλμάνος Shahid Malik εξελέγη πρόσφατα Υπουργός Δικαιοσύνης στη Μ Βρετανία – προφανώς στα πλαίσια της ειρηνικής συνεχιζόμενης μουσουλμανοποίη- σης της Ευρώπης την οποία ακόμη οι περισσότεροι από εμάς δεν έχουμε συνειδητοποιήσει. -
Excerpts of Record in Support of Appellants' Opening Brief, Vol. 3
Case: 13-17430 02/03/2014 ID: 8963820 DktEntry: 15-5 Page: 1 of 181 No. 13-17430 IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT VIETNAM VETERANS OF AMERICA, ET AL., Plaintiffs-Appellants, vs. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY, ET AL., Defendants-Appellees. On Appeal from the United States District Court, Northern District of California D.C. No. CV-09-0037-CW The Honorable Claudia Wilken, Judge Presiding EXCERPTS OF RECORD IN SUPPORT OF APPELLANTS’ OPENING BRIEF, VOL. 3, PP. 579–757 MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP James P. Bennett Eugene Illovsky Stacey M. Sprenkel Ben Patterson 425 Market Street San Francisco, California 94105 Telephone: (415) 268-7000 Attorneys for Appellants Case: 13-17430 02/03/2014 ID: 8963820 DktEntry: 15-5 Page: 2 of 181 DISTRICT COURT DATE FILED DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. DOCKET NO. 11/18/2010 Third Amended Complaint for 180 579 Declaratory and Injunctive Relief Under United States Constitution and Federal Statutes and Regulations Docket Report for U.S.D.C. (N.D. 655 Cal.) Case No. 09-cv-0037-CW, Vietnam Veterans of America et al. v. Central Intelligence Agency et al. sf-3377831 Case: 13-17430Case4:09-cv-00037-CW 02/03/2014 Document180 ID: 8963820 Filed11/18/10 DktEntry: 15-5Page1of76 Page: 3 of 181 1 GORDONP. ERSPAMER (CA SBN 83364) [email protected] 2 TIMOTHY W. BLAKELY (CA SBN 242178) [email protected] 3 STACEY M. SPRENKEL (CA SBN 241689) [email protected] 4 DANIEL 1. VECCHIO (CA SBN 253122) [email protected] 5 DIANA LUO (CA SBN 233712) [email protected] 6 MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP 425 Market Street 7 San Francisco, California 94105-2482 Telephone: 415.268.7000 8 Facsimile: 415.268.7522 9 Attorneys for Plaintiffs Vietnam Veterans ofAmerica; Swords to Plowshares: Veterans 10 Rights Organization; Bruce Price; Franklin D.