<<

arXiv:1212.0191v3 [cs.CC] 27 Jan 2015 nte input another i.e. opt in compute C fw modify we If Proof. Complete hoe 3. Theorem ie formula given Proof. ento 1. Definition problems. -Complete of basis infinite have opera pro point also fixed can We P. Least P. of in of incompleteness problems number NP-Complete r finite describe The most cannot basis. we at han P-Complete have other of number problems The finite i P a P-Complete. problem most are NP-Complete at have bases is, problem that That space function disjunction. sion in ca prob other P-Complete we each These problems, of problems. NP-Complete P-Complete About of disjunction function. bases of nality pca valuation special hoe 2. Theorem ∀ SAT Each Therefore, et eso that show we Next, yuigSTadteevrfiain epoeta oeNP-Com some that prove we verification, these and SAT using By u by problem NP vs P solve to approach new provide article This t if is, That v then → i p ∈ ( ∃ t C SAT q = ) otikaotrlto between relation about think To is,w hwthat show we First, (( ′ = v i ongt some negate to v 1,teeoeif therefore [1], ↔ ⊤ S 0 sidpneto ahohri ijnto eas vr in every because disjunction in other each of independent is IIEADIFNT AI NPADNP AND P IN BASIS INFINITE AND FINITE ( V p . CIRCUIT C ) V f v q ewl s h em“ term the use will We = i , t htcag only change that → n cetif accept and · · · 2. ∈ sbssof basis is ( i i W ∞ =0 i . = ) P C ifrneo ai ewe n NP and P between basis of Difference v , v − ′ i i CIRCUIT ⊤ omatch to ( Complete p CIRCUIT ) − C , v · · · SAT ALUE V i aibe that variables ∈ f ) ( P → OIKOBAYASHI KOJI i x = ) v oyoilDMcnvrf valuation verify can DTM Polynomial A . 1. − i ( → v − ALUE V output. 0 ≤ Abstract v ⊤ ALUE V i i ( L , . q ∈ SAT = ) v 1 v i V i ∈ compute spolmwihvrf oml with formula verify which problem as ” x v 0 P and ≤ mismatch ( ≤ L p and ) L v v , i i · · · v . i ∈ v C CIRCUIT i ∈ V ′ v , ∈ P as , i i P hsmdfiaincan modification This . SAT ( then q h − = ) ,x C, esaeindependent are lems Complete nifiiedimen- infinite in s ,ayP-Complete any d, v sdsucinof disjunction is iiet infinite to divide n ¬ i eti eutfrom result this ve i − ao sta each that is eason ecnmodify can We . v ∈ i ALUE V o.Therefore, tor. ( lt problems plete P p ) − , put . igcardi- sing Complete · · · )) p ∈ i have oa to P V  − , . FINITEANDINFINITEBASISINPANDNP 2

If vi (p)= ⊤ then q = p ∧ (¬i) else if vi (p)= ⊥ then q = p ∨ (i) That is, V \{vi} cannot compute SAT problems. Therefore V is basis of SAT .  From descriptive complexity, P = F O + LF P [1, 2, 3]. This means that every P problem have at most a finite number of LFP operators in finite first-order logic model. Therefore P problem have at most a finite number of P-Complete basis. Theorem 4. Any p ∈ P have at most a finite number of P-Complete basis. Proof. To prove it by using reduction to absurdity. We assume that p ∈ P have infinite number of basis of P-Complete. These basis independent of each other and have independent LFP operators. But P = F O + LF P have at most finite number of LFP operators. Therefore we cannot describe p in finite length F O + LF P .  Theorem 5. P 6= NP Proof. Mentioned above 3, SAT have infinite P-Complete basis. But mentioned above 4, any p ∈ P have finite P-Complete basis. Therefore SAT is not any p ∈ P . 

3. From view of countable and continuum We show another proof from the view of completeness. Theorem 6. P 6= NP

Proof. Let hv,ii be a code number of vi. To assign this number after the dec- imal point, 0. hv,ii correspond to number within [0, 1], and [0, 0. hv,ii]+ S V = ∞ [0, 0. hv,ii]+ W vi correspond to Dedekind cut of P . i=0 ∞ If [0, 0. hv,ii]+ W vi also P then P become isomorphic as real number and i=0 contradict that P is countable. Therefore NP ∋ S V/∈ P and P 6= NP .  References

[1] Michael Sipser, Introduction to the 2nd ed., 2005 [2] Neil Immerman, Descriptive and Computational Complexity, 1995 [3] Neil Immerman, Relational Queries Computable in Polynomial Time, 1982 [4] M. Vardi, Complexity of Relational Query Languages, 1982