RESEARCH ARTICLE Diet alters performance and transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers Xunbing Huang1,2, Douglas W. Whitman3, Jingchuan Ma1,2, Mark Richard McNeill4, Zehua Zhang1,2* 1 State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China, 2 Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilin Gol Rangeland, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, a1111111111 Xilinhot, P.R. China, 3 School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, United States a1111111111 of America, 4 AgResearch, Lincoln Research Centre, Christchurch, New Zealand a1111111111 a1111111111 *
[email protected] a1111111111 Abstract We reared Oedaleus asiaticus grasshoppers under four different single-plant diets to exam- OPEN ACCESS ine the relationships among diet, performance, stress, and transcription patterns. Grasshop- Citation: Huang X, Whitman DW, Ma J, McNeill pers fed only Artemisia frigida (Asteraceae) were stressed, as indicated by their lower MR, Zhang Z (2017) Diet alters performance and growth, size, development, and survival, in comparison to grasshoppers fed on any of three transcription patterns in Oedaleus asiaticus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) grasshoppers. PLoS ONE grasses, Cleistogenes squarrosa, Leymus chinensis, or Stipa krylovii (all Poaceae). We 12(10): e0186397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. then used transcriptome analysis to examine how gene expression levels in O. asiaticus pone.0186397 were altered by feeding on these diets. Nymphs fed A. frigida had the largest variation in Editor: J. Joe Hull, USDA Agricultural Research gene expression profiles with a total of 299 genes significantly up- or down-regulated com- Service, UNITED STATES pared to those feeding on the three grasses: down-regulated genes included those involved Received: October 27, 2016 in cuticle biosynthesis, DNA replication, biosynthesis and metabolism of nutrition.