Ethnic Minority Development Plan

Project No.: 43049 June 2013

People’s Republic of China: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project (For Hailin City, Heilongjiang Province)

Prepared by the Agricultural Development Office of Hailin, Heilongjiang for the State Office for Comprehensive Agricultural Development and the Asian Development Bank.

This ethnic minority development plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Development plan of Ethnic Minorities of Heilongjiang Hailin

Agricultural development office of Heilongjiang Hailin

2013.06

Abstract

A Introduction

Sanjiazi sub-irrigation district of Xin'an irrigation district in Hailin City is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Hai-lang stream which is the breach of Mu-dan river, in the alluvial plain of north and south sides of Hai-lang stream. The irrigation district was built in the sixties, and repaired in 1992. A main dam and two auxiliary dam which are rockfill structure were built, which eased the difficulty of water diversion to a certain extent. It has 50km from Hailin City to the east, and borders Xin'an Town to the west. The geographical coordinates for east longitude 129°08'-129°11', north latitude 44°25'-44°29'.

The average length of the project area is 11.0km from north to south, the average width is 1.6km from east to west, the total area is 15sq.km, and the paddy field is 17000 Mu.

The purpose of compiling the development plan of ethnic minorities is to promote ethnic minorities to participate in the preparation and implementation of the project, to ensure the ethnic minorities can benefit from the project, while reducing poverty of ethnic minority population and minimizing negative impacts at the greatest possible.

In order to compile the development plan of ethnic minorities, project consultants and socio-economic survey group launched a series of engagement activities from March 15 to May 3. They did 200 household surveys, collected the basic information of 1100 people; conducted 3 village-level focus group discussions to discuss related topics of project, 127 participants(including 35 women, 104 poor people); carried out 6 village-level and provincial-level key informants interviews; held 5 stakeholder seminars about the potential impacts of the project as well as measures to reduce the risk, appropriate action suggestions with different departments of provinces, counties and towns..

B Characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area

Korean. The ancestors of Korean are the Korean people from the Korean Peninsula to the northeast China. The earliest batch of immigration can date back to 300 years ago. There are more than 1.92 million Korean people, who mainly distribute in Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning Province, and the rest scatter in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and some mainland cities. There are more than 230000 Korean people in Liaoning province, who mainly distribute in 10 cities of Shenyang, Fushun, Tieling, Dandong, etc.

Korean has its own language and character, which belongs to the Altai language family. The Korean people created a splendid culture in the long years. Korean is a nation with prominent characteristics in all aspects.

C Socio-economic status of ethnic minorities in the project area

Population and labor force status. The total population of Sanjiazi village in the project area is 3622, agricultural labor is 1493. The per capita cultivated land is 4.7 Mu. There are 32 sets of large and medium-sized farm implements, 170 sets of small-sized farm implements.

Land resources and growing status. The total land area of Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin'an Irrigation District is 28000 Mu, cultivated land is 21000 Mu. The paddy fields is 17000 Mu, planning that totally complete the improvement of 17000 Mu middle-low yielded cultivated land in the project area from 2011 to 2015. The result of socio-economic survey showed that, rice-planting played a leading role in Korean, accounting for more than 95% of crops planting.

Educational status. The result of socio-economic survey showed that, in the Korean population, uneducated proportion is 70%, primary school education accounted for 22%, junior high school accounted for 2.5%, senior high school and above accounted for 0.8%.

Agricultural production level. Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin'an Irrigation District is a major rice producing areas in Hailin City. The farmers in the project area mainly grow rice, while small amount of corn, soybean, pumpkin seeds and flue-cured tobacco planting only served as supplement. The yield per mu of rice is about 500kg. The agricultural production level is in the medium level of Hailin City. In recent years, some farmers adopt technology of paper mulching weeding and organic rice production, then the output was raised and the income was increased.

Local finance and farmers' income. The project area belongs to Xin-an town. The total production value of national economy is 6.8 billion yuan, and the financial revenue is 349 million yuan. The agricultural total production value of Sanjiazi village in the project area is 790 million yuan. The total agricultural income is 518 million yuan, and per capita income is 6628 yuan.

D Impacts of the project on ethnic minorities

The positive impacts include: I) After completing the project of Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin-an Irrigation District, it will increase irrigation area of 11000 Mu, improve the irrigation conditions of 60000 Mu land of the project area, ensure the low cost and adequate irrigation water, then increase the rice yield and the farmer income. II) The improvement of old channels will reduce the phenomenon of artificial water diversion, greatly reduce manpower cost. III) The training contents of the project include trainings of irrigation management and water-saving awareness, trainings of crop planting, field management and pest control, etc., as well as education and publicity of market awareness. Through these trainings and education, the quality of the ethnic minority people in the project area will be improved and their ability of benefiting from the project will also be improved. IV) During the project construction, it will provide non-agricultural employment opportunities for local labor especially poor family labor, increase their income. The project office and the construction units should ensure that at least 40% unskilled jobs must provide for the vulnerable groups including women and poverty groups. In addition, V) with the improving of irrigation conditions, the vegetation coverage rate of barren hills and slopes in and around the project area will increase, the area of soil and water loss will be reduced, the ecological environment will be improved. After completing the project, it will completely improve the water tension in the project area, relieve and even eliminate the water disputes.

The negative impacts include: I) The risk of sustainable irrigation. After completing the irrigation system, if the water fee and management fee is not enough to solve the funds problem of channels maintenance and management, the sustainability of the project will be challenged. II) The risk of planting crops, such as the lack of economic crops planting techniques and pest control techniques, the market and natural disaster risk of planting crops. III) Due to poverty, it lacks the costs of industrial structure adjustment. IV) Due to the irrigation station closed, the risk is that the short-term employment and income of managers will be affected. V) During the construction period, the risk is that life of minority people in the project area will be influenced by the engineering construction. VI) The risk of channel construction interrupts the field road. VII) Some channels are deep and flow is rapid, the risk is that villagers especially children's life safety will be endangered.

E Gender and development

The result of socio-economic survey showed that, the proportion of Korean men engaged in the production and life is relatively low. All of the production and life depended on women. Korean women mainly engaged in some relatively simple and easy work in the production and life. 10% of Korean households, the couple shared agricultural production, and housework borne by women in the project area. Besides, the proportion of women participate in village public affairs is low in the project area.

In order to promote gender development, I) In the project design stage, implementation stage and operation stage encourage women to participate in management, to ensure that 40% of non-technical jobs give priority to vulnerable groups, including women. II) The implementation of technical training, fully consider the needs of women in the training mode, time, language, etc. III) To improve women's market awareness, encouraging them to participate in the Agricultural Professional Association and express their advice. IV) Strengthening the training of women's safety awareness and water-saving awareness, fully play women’s leading role of promoting the whole society to save water.

F Action Plan

In the premise of full communication with the various stakeholders, under the guidance of minorities and social development consultant, the project office developed a practical action plan to promote the positive impacts and mitigate negative impacts. From the two aspects of promoting the positive impacts and mitigating the negative impacts, the action plan made specific recommendations, implementing agencies, implementing time, funding sources and the specific monitoring indicators for the target population. See Annex 4: The national minority development plan.

1. Introduction

Based on social and poverty assessment report of the project Technical Assistance Group, the plan is compiled according to the consultation with the ethnic minority, local government and its subordinate departments. The ADB loan project of agricultural infrastructure comprehensive development involves 6 provinces 69 counties. Based on the survey of the social and poverty conditions of ethnic minorities in Hailin and the project area, the project design has been integrated into the appropriate provision, in order to improve the economic status of ethnic minority groups. The specific mitigation measures have also been included in the development plan. It will ensure that minorities which suffered negative impacts from the project will also benefit. Government current policies and programs will further protect and improve the efficiency of minority ethnic groups. The target population of this development plan is the Korean of the project area, accounting for 2% of the total population of ethnic minorities in Hailin, accounting for 7.9% of the project area.

Sanjiazi sub-irrigation district of Xin'an irrigation district is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Hai-lang stream which is the breach of Mu-dan river, in the alluvial plain of north and south sides of Hai-lang stream. The irrigation district was built in the sixties, and repaired in 1992. A main dam and two auxiliary dam which are rockfill structure were built, which eased the difficulty of water diversion to a certain extent. Since irrigation channels in disrepair, most rice planting base can’t be irrigated in the water period. Irrigation water problems led to many collective fighting events. Therefore, the channels’ reconstruction, repair and other related work in the project area has become the urgent things for municipal government, town government and village government.

The development plan of ethnic minorities clarifies things such as: community population, social, cultural and political characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area; needs of ethnic minorities; impacts of the project on ethnic minorities; ensuring equitable benefit of ethnic minorities; measures to mitigate any adverse impacts, etc.

1.1 Project Background

Hailin city is located in the southeast of Heilongjiang province. The city's total area is 8816sq.km, ranking fourth among the county-level municipal administrative Region in Heilongjiang province. The city has 8 towns, 36 units directly under the central government and province, including 3 provincial forestry bureaus and 2 provincial state farms. The city has 42 million people, of which agricultural population is 15.4 million. There are 104.4 million Mu cultivated land, and the total grain output is 29.8 million tons. The city is one of the 800 great grain producing counties in the nation's determination. In 2009, the city's financial revenue is 7 billion yuan, ranking eighth in the province, while the per capita income is 46683 yuan.

Sanjiazi sub-irrigation district of Xin'an irrigation district is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Hai-lang stream which is the breach of Mu-dan river, in the alluvial plain of north and south sides of Hai-lang stream. It has 50km from Hailin to the east, borders Xin'an town to the west. The geographical coordinates for east longitude 129°08'-129°11', north latitude 44°25'-44°29'.The average length of the project area is 11.0km from north to south, the average width is 1.6km from east to west, the total area is 15sq.km, and the paddy field is 17000 Mu.

The main existing problems in the project area: (1) Engineering water shortage in the project area, there is no systemic irrigation system and management system; (2) The existing water conservancy facilities are backward and in disrepair; (3) The status of simple canal system, incomplete field canal system, serious water waste; (4) Engineering scattered, small scale, high head pumping irrigation and high energy consumption; (5) Resulting in high irrigation cost, low irrigation guarantee rate and poor efficiency; (6) Farmers overwhelmed, and some cultivated land fallow; (7)The field road is sand. For the big rain in winter and spring, the road was muddy and the vehicles were difficult to drive.

The main tasks of the project of Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin'an Irrigation District are that utilizing the existing old channels and canal system buildings; through the overall rehabilitate, reasonably design; reserving diversion port and building main canal; then the irrigation water will be introduced to the project area from Xin'an Irrigation District, thereby expanding the irrigated area, improving the utilization ratio of water, saving water, reducing labor cost.

The project of Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin'an Irrigation District plays a decisive role in improving production and life conditions of Korean people, making them get rich, and promoting economic development of ethnic minorities. The project is the need to implement the strategy of revitalizing the old industrial base of the northeast, carry out national poverty alleviation policies, and speed up infrastructure construction in poor areas. The project is the need to improve the ecological environment, utilize water resources in rational, and increase farmers' income of ethnic minority areas. The implementation of the project plays a positive role in the development of the city’s minorities. It lays a solid foundation for saving water and increasing output in the rice main production region, increasing farmers' income in the project area. The project occupies a decisive position in the social and economic development of Hailin.

1.2 Project Goal and Content

The general goal: fertile land, complete water conservancy facilities, unblocked field roads, suitable forest network construction, advanced technology, good quality, high yield and high efficiency.

2011-2015 ，agricultural comprehensive development project carry out at Sanjiazi sub-irrigation District of Xin'an Irrigation District. The main construction contents include: 12 division sluices, 10 farm way bridges, 17 waterfalls, 55 road culvert, 33.72 km branch canal lining, 7.8 km lateral canal lining, 43650 cubic meters excavating dredging ditches, 60000 square meters seedling raising greenhouse, 3km roads, 12km field roads, 22000 farmland shelterbelts, 6 greenhouses.

Funding Sources include loans from the ADB 2473 million yuan or 3.64 million dollar; local financial matching funds 7.35 million yuan, of which the Ningxia Autonomous Region government counterpart funds 4.49 million yuan, Qingtongxia city counterpart funds 2.04 million yuan, unexpected expenses 0.82 million yuan; local farmers self-financing 2.25 million yuan, including their labor contribution.

1.3 Goal of Compiling the Development Plan of Ethnic Minorities

The purpose of compiling the development plan of ethnic minorities is to promote ethnic minorities to participate in the preparation and implementation of the project, to ensure the ethnic minorities can benefit from the project, while reducing poverty of ethnic minority population and minimizing negative impacts at the greatest possible. “The development plan of ethnic minorities” will clarify things such as: community population, social, cultural and political characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area; needs of ethnic minorities; impacts of the project on ethnic minorities; ensuring equitable benefit of ethnic minorities; measures to mitigate any adverse impacts, etc. The measures include living standard improvement measures, poverty reduction measures, culture and tradition of ethnic minority protection measures, vulnerable groups support measures, then it proposes the action plan to mitigate the negative impacts.

1.4 Method

In order to compile the development plan of ethnic minorities, project consultants and socio-economic survey group launched a series of engagement activities from March 15 to May 3. They did 200 household surveys, collected the basic information of 1100 people; conducted 3 village-level focus group discussions to discuss related topics of project, 127 participants(including 35 women, 104 poor people); carried out 6 village-level and provincial-level key informants interviews; held 5 stakeholder seminars about the potential impacts of the project as well as measures to reduce the risk, appropriate action suggestions with different departments of provinces, counties and towns.

1.5 Policy Framework

The development plan of ethnic minorities is compiled according to laws and regulations relating to ethnic minorities of the PRC, the relevant regulations of Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government, ADB minority policy (OMF3) (2004) as well as Social Security Policy Review (2009). The main policies include the relevant laws and regulations of China, the relevant regulations of Qinghai Province, national support policies, regional development plans of Heilongjiang Province and Hailin City and ADB policy. The specific framework sees Annex 1.

The concern goal of China’s policies and ADB on ethnic minorities is the same: focus on equality and development of ethnic minorities, and give special attention to the economic, social and cultural development, in order to safeguard minority’s rights and interests, and improve minority’s social and economic status.

China’s policy and ADB policy focus on public participation, consultation and action plan. In project preparation, implementation and monitoring stages, it needs to actively listen to the views, attitudes and expectations of ethnic minorities. Throughout the project cycle, it requires to concern public participation, especially the poor and other vulnerable groups, to ensure that they can benefit from the project.

1.6 The Implementing Projects of Ethnic Minorities in the Project

Area

After completing the project of Sanjiazi sub-irrigation district of Xin'an irrigation district, the implementation and maximization of social benefits will rely on the existing development projects in the project area. Consultants will hold seminars with stakeholders to learn the implementing projects of ethnic minorities in the project area.

The implementing projects include the following categories: (1) Technical popularization project; (2) Poverty alleviation project; (3) Human drinking water project and basic farmland water conservancy facilities project; (4) Planting technique and large-scale planting training project; (5) Rice planting technique training project ；(6) Rice pest control project; (7) Large market of science and technology; (8) Standardized rice seedling project. Implementing agencies, time and funding sources of the project listed in Annex 2 (The implementing projects of ethnic minorities in Sanjiazi sub-irrigation district of Xin'an irrigation district).

2. General Situation of the Minority of Project Area

2.1 Population Situation

2.1.1 Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang City and Hailin City

Heilongjiang Province

Heilongjiang Province is located at the most northeast of China with the area of 450,000 square kilometers, which is about 4.7% of the total area of the country. It is including 10 ethnic minorities such as Han, Manchu, Korean, Mongol, Hui, Daur, Olunchun, Hezhen, Kirgiz and Ewenki etc. Heilongjiang province is divided into 10 prefecture-level cities, 4 regions, 17 county-level cities, 51 counties and 1autonomous county. Up to 2010,the total population of Heilongjiang province has been reached to 38,312,224,among which 50.79% are male with the number of 19,459,763 and 49.21% are female with the number of 18,852,461.

Mudanjiang City

Mudanjiang City is located at the southeast of Heilongjiang Province, it's the largest central city in the east of Heilongjiang Province and the Jilin Province, it governs 4 cities, 2 counties and 4 districts, the 4 cities are Suifenhe, Ning’an, Hailin and Muling; the 2 counties are Linkou and Donging; and the 4 districts are Dong’an, Xi'an, Aimin and Yangming. The total area of Mudanjiang City is 40,600 square kilometers, and the total population is 2,822,000, among which 984,000 people are permanent population. Currently, Mudanjiang City has two national economic development areas, which are Mudanjiang and Hailin. Mudanjiang City has 24 ethnic minorities, including Korean, Manchu, Hui, Mongol and Zhuang etc.

Hailin City

Hailin City is located at the southeast of Heilongjiang Province with the total area of 8,816 square kilometers, its area is top four in the county-level city of Heilongjiang Province. Hailin City governs eight towns; it has 36 central and provincial units, including three forestry bureaus and two state-run farms. The population of Hailin City is 420,000, among which 154,000 people are agricultural, with the farmland of 1,044,000 mu and 298,000t grain in total, it's one of the 800 grain-producing county in domestic. Hailin City has 19 ethnic minorities, including Korean, Manchu, Hui, Mongol etc, which occupies 22.5% of the total population, and among them 8% are Korean. Hailin City has abundant water resources with 144 rivers.

Hailin Agriculture Development Office

The office is main responsible for the preliminary work such as research, seminar and visits, the project preparation, the employment of experts for project review, the commission of bidding agency and the monitoring of project bidding and bid evaluation etc.It's also responsible for coordinating the town and village to inspect all the preparation works before project implementation, arranging the construction units to carry out project implementation, monitor project progress, and organize project acceptance and evaluation.

2.1.2 Project Area

The project area including a village named Sanjiazi with the population of 3,622, among which 1493 people are agriculture labor, the average farmland of each person is 4.7 mu. The village has 32 sets large and medium size agricultural machines and 170sets small size agricultural machines. The total land area of Sanjiazi irrigation area is 28,000mu, the farmland is 21,000 mu, and the paddy field is 17,000mu. From 2011 to 2015, it's planned to finish the transformation of medium and low yield cropland to this area. This area belongs to Xin’an town, the total value of national economic output is 0.68 billion yuan, and the fiscal revenue is 3.49 million yuan. The total agriculture value of Sanjiazi village is 7.9 million yuan, the total farm income is 5.18 million yuan, and average income of each person is 6628 yuan.

Table 2-1 The Population of Minority of Project Area Percentage Average Total Ethnic Farmland of ethnic farmland of County/City population minority (hectare) minority each person (thousand) (thousand) (%) (mu/person) Hailin City 440 78939 3.9 8.8 6.6 Korean Minority of 191 7218 9 47 7.7 Xin'an town Sanjiazi 2.645 297 1.459 55 1.7 village Xiaosanjiazi 0.977 333 0.062 6.3 5.1 village

2.2 Religion and Culture

Features of Korean Minority

The ancestor of Korean is migrated from Korean peninsula to northeast China; the earliest migrated residents have been 300 years ago from nowadays. Now the Korean Minority has the population of 1,920,000, they are main distributed at Jilin, Heilongjiang and Liaoning province, the others are scattered in Neimenggu Autonomous Region and some cities in inland. Korean Minority has its own language and characters, which belongs to Altaic languages. In the long years, Korean people created splendid culture, it’s a nation with prominent characteristics in various aspects.

Religion of Korean Minority

Though the Korean people don’t have a unified national religion, however, the religion was indeed having a different deep influence to the Korean people in each historical period. The primitive religion includes totemism and ancestor worship, etc, in later the national religions such as Dangun teach is also generated, and Shamanism is the traditional religion of Korean Minority. The Confucianism, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism was also introduced into Korean area, especially the Confucianism thought is penetrated into every area of society. The spread of Buddhism in Korean is also having a long history, e.g. the Lantern Festival on Arp.08 of lunar calendar, which is for celebrating the birthday of Buddha in beginning and later is evolved into a folk custom.

Custom of Korean Minority

Korean implements the system of monogamy, according to the traditional custom, the marriage between people bearing the close relative, the same clan and the same surname are forbidden. “Men outside the home, women inside" is a common practice and father-child relationship is the basis of all human relations. Korean people prefer to wear white dress, the women’s clothing is jacket and skirt, the men’s clothing is jacket with additional waistcoat, and the trouser leg is loose.

Culture and Art of Korean Minority

Korean people have a long and graceful national culture and art traditions, especially good at singing and dancing, they like to express their feelings by song and dance. When there are some happy events happened in family, they will sing and dance, which form to an interesting “family song and dance party”.The festivals of Korean include Spring Festival, Tomb-sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mod-Autumn Festival etc.

Cultural Festivals of Korean Minority

Most Korean people are like sports, they have their own football team from countryside to village, and they often held various competitions around football during each festival and holiday.

Inhabitancy Custom of Korean Minority

The village of Korean minority is normally located at the flat ground beneath the hillside, the houses are built facing southeast, south and southwest, including tile-roofed house and thatched cottage, most wall are brushed with white color. The inner of house is generally divided into bedroom, guest room, kitchen and warehouse etc. In the room there is a Kang, people will take off his shoes and sit down on Kang after enter. In recent year, the Korean people are gradually pay attention on the furnishings in house. Korean people pay great attention to the etiquette and hygiene, especially forbid spit everywhere. The house, tableware, cloth and quilt are very clean.

Cooking Culture of Korean Minority

The main food of Korean people is rice and millet, and piccalilli is indispensable. Korean people like to eat rice cake, cold noodle, Doenjang jjigae, pepper and dog meat, now lots of Korean are also begin to learn the cooking skills of Han.

Plant Habit of Korean Minority

The main grow crops of Korean is rice. Since the Korean people successfully planted rice in Jilin Province in 1970s, the Korean people all over the nation were beginning to plant rice. In April of each year, the people began to raise rice seeding in greenhouse; in May, they will plowing the paddy field, guide the water into field and kept the water in field for 10~15 days; after that the people began to transplant the rice seeding, apply medicine and fertilizer to plant during growing season, and finally harvest in the middle of October. Due to the sufficient sunshine in north, the growing period of rice is longer, the appearance of rice is long and thin, and the taste is very good after cooking.

The development status of Korean Minority

The people of Korean minority is migrated from Korean peninsula to northeast China, they have many overseas relations. Recent years, due to the rapid economic development of South Korea, lots of young Koreans are looking for their overseas relations for working abroad. As a result, the soil in villages and towns are no one to cultivate, and can only entrust the village collective to manage, thus it form to a kind of new management mode after a long time. The area that contracted by the contractors is bigger and bigger, thus the soil in concentrated to a big area, which is convenient for mechanization planting and management. The contract fees are decided by the village collectives and the employer, and the large growers will be preferentially considered. This is benefit for both of employer and contractor.

2.3 Socioeconomic Status

Economic Situation

In 2010, the GDP of Korean minority in Xin’an town has been reached to 0.224 billion RMB, the average GDP of each person is 11,690 yuan, which is 14.2% higher than that of Hailin City (10,230 yuan). In GDP, the percentage of primary industry, secondary industry and tertiary industry are 76%, 17.8% and 6.2%. This means the agriculture play a very important role in the economics of Korean minority. The average income of village people in Korean minority is 9,736 yuan, which is 3.2% higher than Hailin City, and the average income of city resident is 11,230 yuan (Table 2-1 shows the detail economic status of project area). The GDP of Korean minority in Xin’an town in 2010 is 0.19 billion RMB, the annual growth rate is 6.5%, in which planting industry is 67.5 %) and animal husbandry is 32.5%. The grain output in 2010 is 44,781t, it’s increased 10.2% than last year; and the vegetable yield is 1,660t, it’s increased 5% than last year. In recent years, the animal husbandry is kept steady increase, the number of sheep has been reached to 4,330 in 2010, which is 8.5% increased than last year, and the number of cow has been reached to 3,611, which is 5.6% increased than last year.

Table 2-2 Basic Economic Conditions of Project Area (in 2010) Economic indicators Sanjizi Xiaosanjiazi Xin’an Korean Village Village Town Total GDP (RMB: one billion) 0.00758 0.0099 0.224 Per capita GDP (RMB) 11751 11036 11690 Agricultural GDP (RMB: one 0.00741 0.00981 0.17 billion) The ratio of agriculture 97.7 99 76 Industrial GDP (RMB: Billion) 0.04 The ratio of industry 17.8 Tertiary industry GDP (RMB: one 0.00017 0.00009 0.014 billion) The ratio of tertiary industry 2.3 1 6.2 The growth rate of GDP (%) 7.5 8.1 8.9 Per capita arable land (mu) (1 7.1 5.7 7.7 hectare = 15 mu) Rural income per capita (RMB) 10711 9249 9736 Urban income per capita (RMB) 11201 9865 10102 Note: the above data is according to the statistical yearbook of Xin-an town in 2010; the national economic and social development report of Korean minority of Xin-an town in 2010.

Table 2-3 Basic Economic Conditions of Project Area

The total Area of Per Project house Populati area of farmland of capita villages holds on cultivated average per income land capita Sanjiazi 10711 village 235 2645 4470 1.8 Xiaosanjiazi 9249 village 352 977 4995 5.1 Total 587 3622 9465 6.9 9860

Land Resources

The Korean minority of Xin-an town has 7,218 hectare farmland; the average farmland of each person is 7.7mu (in 2010). Relatively speaking, the average income of the Korean people in Xin-an town is higher than Hailin city. This indicates that the agriculture condition of irrigated area in Xin-an town is much better than other areas, where has huge land but no good irrigation conditions. Meanwhile, the agriculture production method and basic condition of the Han and Korean minority are nearly having no different. The sample data shows that the average land area of each family is 16mu, and average land area of each people is 6mu. For the Han family, the average land area of each family is 18mu, and for the Korean family, the average land area of each family is 15mu. By comparison, the land area of rice field between the two families is same, the area of dry farmland in Korean family is a little less (see table 2-4).

Table 2-4 The project area population, land area of occupancy (Mu) The total area of Dry Vegetable Project Paddy other cultivated farmland field land Average 16 10 7 1 Han Chinese family 18 9 8 1 Korean family 15 12 2 1

Education and Medical Treatment &Public Health

The Xin-an Korean town has 5 different types of schools, 782 students. Among them, 70.9% pupils and pre-school students,29.1% are students. In the basic sanitation facilities, the town has 40 beds, 35 doctors and nurses ,there are 2 doctors and nurses per thousand people. There are 1 hospital in the town, every village has 1 village clinics. In addition, 17 villages are accessible to road, telephone and water.

Population Status

The Xin-an Korean town are 6,345 households in 2010, the population of 19,160.There are three people per household. The women and men account for 49% and 51% of total population, respectively. By the end of 2010, there are 4516 non-farmers, accounting for 23.5% total population in the town. Table 2-5 and Table 2-6 show detailed demographics of Xin-an Korean Town and population of two project villages. There are 587 households in two project villages, including 235 households in Sanjiazi village, 352 households in Xiaosanjiazi village. The total population of two project villages is 3622 people, including 2645 people in Sanjiazi village, 977 people in Xiaosanjiazi village. The average household has 2.6 people.

Table 2-5 The population of Xin-an Korean town and project village Sanjiazi Xiaosanjiazi Xin-an Korean Project village village town households 235 352 6345

人口总数 2645 977 19161 Total population The average household 2.7 2.5 3 population Men 1332 502 9772 Women 1313 475 9389 Korean population 1459 62 8126 Percentage 55 6.3 42 Urban population 9 11 4516 The rural population 636 886 14645 Labor force population (rural) 951 542 8992 Dynamics of population (rural) 484 291 4612 The female labor force population 4380 467 251 (rural)

Table 2-6 The project area of the basic status of population Labor The Korean Project House Popul force proportion Korean proporti villages holds ation popula of women in on tion labor Sanjiazi village 235 2645 1459 55 951 48

Xiaosanjiazi village 352 977 39 6.3 542 46.3 Total 587 3622 1521 42.3 887 47.1

The distribution of ethnic minorities

Xin-an Korean town is located in the west of Hailin city, a total area of 131 square kilometers, the population is 19,161 (2010). Ethnic minority population is 9053 (2010), accounting for 47.2% of the total population. The Korean population is 8,152, accounting for 90% of the population of ethnic minorities. [1] In Xin'an Korean town, Korean nationality mainly concentrated in Heping, Yongle, Zaixing, Xi 'an, Zhonghe, Sanjiazi, Gongji, Mijiang village. The eight of the Korean people in rural areas is 7590 people, accounting for 93.1% of the Korean people in Xin-an Korean town. According to the Xin-an Korean Town Government Religious Affairs Officer said,Xin-an Korean people more concentrated in the town of the eight place mainly has some historical reasons. Over the past eight village is near the Hailang beach, natural conditions are relatively poor, but there is a rich land resources. Liberation period, some Xin-an Korean people from other place moved to town, choose a new Hailang beach develop. After years of development, the region became a Korean concentration of villages and towns. [2] Table 2-7 lists a detailed list different ethnic population in Xin-an Korean town. In Sanjiazi village and Xiaosanjiazi village of two projects, the Korean population accounts for 86% and 11% respectively. Table 2-7 The national minority population distribution of Xin-an Korean town The The urban Total The Han urban populatio Korean popul populati Korean populati n population region ation on population on % % Heping 1197 111 1086 8 0.6 90.7 Yongle 857 21 836 6 0.7 97.5 Xin'an 921 845 46 9 0.9 5 Youying 455 323 121 5 1 26.6 Zaixing 885 9 876 4 0.5 99 Shanjuzi 459 423 6 1.3 Donghe 1336 1102 11 0.8 Linghou 826 700 8 0.9 Fuxing 1590 1532 16 1 Zhonghe 778 43 735 4 0.5 94.5 Xi'an 1987 78 1909 13 0.65 96.1 Sanjiazi 2645 31 1459 7 1 55 Xiaosaji azi 977 835 62 6 0.66 6.3 Gongji 938 62 876 8 0.85 93.4

Mijiang 686 28 658 7 1 96 Beiwaizi 820 690 6 0.73 Beigou 518 473 3 0.6 Shequ 3366 2854 356 3298 97.9 10.6 Total 19161 10168 8152 3425 17.9 42.5

Table 2-8 Project village national distribution Nation Korean Project village Total accounted Han Korean for% Sanjiazi village 21 135 156 98 Xiaosanjiazi 293 2 295 2 village Total 314 137 451 30 The employment situation

In 2010, the proportion of rural labor force engaging in agriculture in Xin-an Korean Town is 65.4%, is still dominant in the agricultural sector, than the Hailin average(61.2%)is slightly higher. The proportion of the rural labor force in Sanjiazi village is roughly 49.4%. Table 2-9 and table 2-10 show the employment situation of two projects villages in Xin-an Town. As can be seen, as many as 54.7% of the rural labor force is employed in agriculture,15.7% in retail, trade and services,13.9% in construction industry, followed in industry, transportation and communications after.

Table 2-9 The employment of Xin-an Korean Town (2010) (person) Town / Village Total engaged Indust Constru Transport Retail, population in ry ction and trade and of the rural agricultu industry communic services labor force re ation Xin'an Korean 8992 5886 689 1325 698 394 Town Percentage% 65.4 7.6 14.7 7.7 4.6 Sanjiazi 951 470 98 185 117 81 village Percentage% 49.4 10.3 19.5 12.3 8.5 Xiaosanjiazi 542 315 29 56 31 111 village Percentag e % 58.1 5.3 10.3 5.7 20.6 Source: statistical yearbook 2010 summer and Xin-an Korean town provide data

Table 2-10 The employment situation in the project area

Village Rural Engaged Indu Constru Transport labor in stry ction Retail ， and force agricultu industr re y trade communicati and on services Sanjiazi 951 470 98 185 81 117 Small 542 315 29 56 111 31 Sanjiazi Total 1493 785 127 241 192 148 Source: 2010 Statistical Yearbook of Xin-an Korea town.

Poverty status

According to the poverty line of 900 Yuan (2010) per person per year set by Civil Affairs Bureau of Xin-an Korean town, up to 575 households and 807 rural persons are rural lower income, accounting for 6% of the rural total population of Xin-an Korean Town . The living allowance that the Government provides to these rural poor is 70 Yuan per capita every month, a total of 650,000 Yuan a year. After discussions with the officials of selected township, the current numbers of low-income households in rural areas are underestimated due to the limited funds of local Civil Affairs Bureau, showing that not all persons below the poverty line of 900 Yuan are included in the rural low-income households.

According to the data provided by the Civil Affairs Bureau of Xin-an Korean town in 2010, there are 71 low income families, 104 low income residents in these two villages, accounting for 12.1 percent of the total number of rural households, and 6.7 percent of the total population. They are disabled, the alone elderly, or extremely poor. They are entitled to obtain the living allowance 70 Yuan per person per month, 840 Yuan (see Table 2-11) per year. As previously mentioned, due to limited funds, the numbers of involved low income persons and the received allowance should be higher.

Table 2-11 Low-income households in the project area Project Househo Popula Low-in Low-inc Percent of Percent of village lds tion come ome total total househ populati household population olds on (%) (%) Sanjiazi 235 2645 31 49 13.27 1.9 village Xiaosanjia 352 977 40 55 11.4 5.6 zi village Total 587 3622 71 104 12.1 2.9 Note: The data for low-income households and individuals is from the local Civil Affairs Bureau, 900 Yuan per capita, far below the poverty line (1200 Yuan per capita) in rural real.

Social and economic characteristics of minorities

Korean minorities of two villages in Xin-an Korean town were surveyed with questionnaire. The survey regarded household as a unit, and received 134 valid questionnaires, which was 40 Korean households, accounting for 30% of the total number of samples. There were 451 people, involving 314 Han and 137 Korean, in 134 sample households. The population of each household was average 3.37, and the Han population and Korean population per household was 3.27 and 3.61, respectively (see Table 2-10). In addition, gender-based considerations, there were 67 female respondents in the questionnaires, representing 50% of the total (see Table 3-11). The results of analysis of 134 questionnaires showed that per capita total annual income is 13000 Yuan, as mush of the average income of Hailin city. Agricultural income accounted for 65.2%, and outside income accounted for 22.7% (Table 2-12). The per capita net income of respondents was roughly the same as that of the project area (9,860 Yuan). Since the income of farmers in project area more depended on traditional agriculture, their income will increase through improving agricultural infrastructure and increasing food production in project area which will greatly promote the development of economy. There is no significant difference between Korean and Han economic development level in project area.

Table 2-12 The basic income status of sample households Items valid samples Minimum Maximum Mean Standard value value value deviation The total income of 131 2,000 58,000 19,106 10,117 household The total income of 38 2,000 50,000 18,939 11,565 Korean household The total income of Han 93 2,000 58,000 19,272 9,530 household The total agricultural 101 1,000 31,000 12,456 7,553 income outside income 134 0 38,000 4,340 6,571 per capita total income in 131 500 200,000 5,931 3,153. household

Mechanical level in Korean minority region

In farming methods, 49.3% of households work in the field by machinery, 10.9% of households rely on manpower, 20.3 percent of households plant using manpower and machinery, 6.5% of households cultivate seeding using human and machinery, 7.2% of households depend on human and mechanical harvesting (see Table 2-13). The degree of agricultural mechanization is directly related to farmers' agricultural production, which should be considered during the project implementation. The improvement of

agricultural infrastructure is also conducive to promoting the level of agricultural mechanization in the project area and liberating more labor force.

Table 2-13 Mechanical usage in project area Agricultural machinery usage Numbers Percent valid age percentage Mainly rely on manpower 15 10.9 11.5 Mainly rely on machinery 68 49.3 52.3 valid sample Ploughing using human and 28 20.3 21.5 households machinery Sowing using human and 9 6.5 6.9 machinery Harvesting using human and 10 7.2 7.7 machinery Subtotal 130 94.2 100.0 Missing System 8 5.8 Total 138 100.0

Status of migrant workers for minority

The characteristics of Korean and Han in the project area are similar. The young Han person usually will go out to work after middle school or high school graduation. However, on this point there are a little bit different from Korean who tends to be early marriage and marries soon after high school graduation. Most married men still have to go out to work, and the majority of married Korean women will stay at home and become the main labor force in agricultural production. Implementation of the project will reduce the manual labor of these young women, provide them more and better opportunities to participate in the project and improve the information exchanging and communication among them. Personality, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems and their own unique culture should be taken into full consideration and respect in the project design and implementation. Among the project area, 59% of valid respondents have the experience of work outside, among which 61% of interviewed Han people and 54% of the interviewed Korean people have the experience of work outside. In addition, 67% of respondents say that their family members also have experience of work outside, among which 69% of families of the interviewed Han people and 61% of the families of the interviewed Korean people have experience of migrant workers, too. In the project area, the Korean and Han migrant workers often chose construction workers, business and agriculture, as well as drivers and other staff as career.

Table 2-14 Occupation distribution of migrant workers

Occupation of migrant workers Project Construction Other Total Business Agriculture Waiter Driver workers s Han 25% 13% 43% 15% 0% 3% 100% Respond Korea 27% 23% 36% 9% 0% 5% 100% ents Total 25% 15% 42% 14% 0 3% 100% Family Han 19% 19% 23% 9% 23% 7% 100% member Korea 28% 20% 16% 4% 16% 16% 100% s Total 21% 19% 21% 7% 21% 10% 100%

3. Effects of Projects on Ethnic Minorities

Through the questionnaire survey for 200 households in the project area, the 100% of respondents supported the project in the area, and hope that the new canal as soon as possible, to solve the production and life problem that has long plagued local people.

The project will be a positive impact on the local ethnic minorities after it implementation, while there are some potential risks. This section describes the positive influence and analysis of potential risks of the project based on the social economic survey, various seminars and interview results.

3.1 The Positive Effects of Projects on Ethnic Minorities

3.1.1 Improvement of Irrigation Conditions

In the project area, the existing irrigation systems is soil building between the last century 50’s to 70’s, the majority of the ditch need for being dredged before irrigation season every year. Since the channel is an earth fill and uneven, irrigation water flows “slow” and “inadequate”, that is particularly prominent at the end of this channel, this is the cause of quarrel land even fights often between villages or villagers. In the dry season, the situation is more serious. On the other hand, the earthwork ditches waste of water resources is also very common in project area. According to a sample household survey, about 86% of the households expressed dissatisfaction with the irrigation, in irrigation and drainage system “the flow is slow and seepage” (Table 4-2); more than 1/3 of the respondents think poor irrigation system is one of the leading factors in the development of local agriculture, which is also the important factor to achieve production in the project area (table 3-1 and table 3-2).

Table3-1: The main problem of agricultural irrigation effective effective project number percentage sample percentage channel seepage in serious condition, 128 110 79.7 85.9 the water slowly drainage non- smooth 128 69 50.0 53.9 irrigation costs are too high 128 64 46.4 50.0 water Improper use and 128 26 18.8 20.3 mismanagement area irrigation imbalances, 128 10 7.2 7.8 irrational allocation of water resources irrigation water leads to disputes 128 26 18.8 20.3 other 128 0 0 0

Source: household sample survey

Table 3-2: The main factor that restricts agricultural development effective effective project number percentage sample percentage inferior seed 130 37 26.8 28.5 lack of fertilizer 130 18 13.0 13.8 lack of technology 130 60 43.5 46.2 irrigation system Backward 130 53 38.4 40.8 poor soil conditions 130 51 37.0 39.2 lack of labor force 130 15 10.9 11.5 insufficient attention to yield 130 1 0.7 0.8 other 130 1 0.7 0.8 deletion 8 5.8 Source: household sample survey

In order to maintain a good crop irrigation system, the family must average put in 15 to 20 work days (or the equivalent of capital investment in the absence of labour) used in the clean-up channels, observed water flow in irrigation period. This work is usually arranged by the villagers or village, which became a major burden on local villagers, especially for those more serious poor and labour shortage families. In the project area received an average irrigation fee of 70-90 Yuan per mu, which became considerable cost for agricultural production in the project area. 36.2% of respondents believe that the high cost of irrigation is one of the main difficulties for local farmers to improve agricultural production (Table 3-3). With the help of the project, irrigated conditions can be greatly improved, reducing the amount of labour input, reducing the cost of water to ensure the majority of farm land high-yield in the project area. It will realize that soybean average per mu yield increase 50 kg, the rice average per mu yield increase 120 kg, the corn average per mu yield increase100 kg.

Table3-3: Difficulties faced by agricultural production effective project effective sample number percentage percentage lack of funds 133 39 28.3 29.3 irrigation difficult 133 44 31.9 33.1 irrigation costs are too high 133 50 36.2 37.6 lack of skills 133 43 31.2 32.3 high input costs 133 21 15.2 15.8 lack of loans 133 5 3.6 3.8 no market 133 5 3.6 3.8 lack of information 133 11 8.0 8.3 low literacy levels 133 13 9.4 9.8 labour burden, 132 5 3.6 3.8 or the disease caused by fatigue other 133 1 0.7 0.8 Source: household sample survey

Another important feature of the existing irrigation system is that drainage field is not

smooth. Whenever heavy rain, a lot of farmland will be flooded. For example, In Sanjiazi village, under heavy rain rice growing, the summer crop production decreased by 20% -30%, reduced from an average of per mu 600 kg to 400 kg in this year due to poor drainage system. About 54% of respondents believe irrigation drainage most serious problem is not smooth.

At the same time improved irrigation and drainage system, the project benefited from the performance of another field in the local rural roads reconstruction. In the project villages, although there is some pave the way connection to most of the villages, but there is not much the standard rural roads. Most of the roads are narrow and un paved. Thus, the vehicle is difficult to access, especially on rainy days. For example in Sanjiazi village, most of the villagers complained that due to the poor road conditions, over 70% of the rice and wheat need to be harvested by human. If these roads be paved and add to the degree, most crops can be harvested by machinery, which saves a lot of human input.

The project will make the majority of these issues have been resolved, so that the local different ethnic villagers directly benefit from it. By improving agricultural infrastructure, improve water using efficiency, increase food production and quality, local farmers can increase revenue, their farmland can also be turned into high-yield farmland, so as to achieve province and the country's food security strategic objectives.

Because of these tangible benefits, 66.1% of the respondents expressed that the project is very important, 19.7%of the respondents have expressed more important, 11% of the respondents expressed the general attitude. In addition, 79.4% of the respondents expressed a strong willingness to implement the project in the village, 14.5% of the respondents expressed more willing to implement the project in the village, 1.5% of the respondents expressed a general attitude. Thus, comprehensive agricultural development project actively is approved by the project area residents, the project can be executed with strong support of local residents in the village.

3.1.2 Reducing Irrigation Costs

In addition to improving irrigation, irrigation costs can also be reduced. The most of current irrigation facilities was completed before production responsibility, it is old, low facilities standard, and serious aging. Such as channel blockage problem, not only slow water flow, and water leakage is very serious, these issues will be resolved after the irrigation infrastructure improvements. Further irrigation water consumption and the cost of agricultural production will reduce. According Sanjiazi village Xin-an town cadres’ introduction, after the implementation of the canal system hardening, per mu rice land can save 300 to 400 cubic meters water. For farmers, it can save the cost of agricultural production. For the entire basin, the same amount of water can irrigate more farmland, so that farmland can obtain more high and stable yield. From a macro point of view basin, such as the Changting river’s water consumption is reduced, the

majority of water can be saved to supply downstream areas.

3.1.3 Increasing the Economic Income

After the project is completed, it will increase the farmer’s income, improve their livelihoods, the Koreans in project area can benefit in improving the economic aspect. With the construction and improvement of drainage system, it can increase the yield of crops, increase the income of farmers. With the construction and improvement of drainage system, the production and farmers income will increase in Korean area. The rural labor force will have more opportunities to find work outside the village. In addition, the establishment and improvement of irrigation and drainage systems, such as ditches, channels and the water gate, this would reduce the possible contradiction and the conflict. If people have to keep water day and night, this will cause the contradiction and conflict between people. In the past, many people use force to fight because of diversion water. The construction and improvement of irrigation and drainage system, improving the relevant institutions, such as the establishment of user water association, will be able to save labor time and energy, and will avoid and reduce the possibility of social contradiction and conflict.

Now women become the main force in agricultural production, the project will make the Korean women to maximize the benefit. The implementation of the project not only reduced the young women’s physical labour, but also provides more and better opportunities to participate in the project for them. Based on the field investigation, about 60-70% of agricultural labour force is female in the project area. Most married women often have to stay at home doing housework, raising children and elder. This makes women’s labour intensity big, affect women’s physical and mental health. Some rural areas, due to the low level of mechanization and imperfect rural infrastructure, when the man go to work under the livelihood, women have to engage in heavy manual labour, which easy to break down from constant overwork. The project can improve this situation to a large extent.

After the implementation of the project, that can bring some new industries, increase employment opportunities. Emerging industry is the effective way of poverty in some poor areas. The project area can be formed a complete agricultural science and technology system and demonstration, promotion system covering the integration of county, township and village, service function more perfect and effective, which will provide certain basic conditions for following development of emerging industries in the project area. Previously lands that only grow rice or soybean, with improvement of infrastructure, and agricultural science and technology, can plant vegetable in greenhouses. Such as greenhouse facilities industry, is upgrading for traditional agriculture. The same land area, greenhouse crop production is several timesfor traditional agricultural.

3.1.4 Improving Community Development Ability

Finally, the project also helps to improve population organization ability in the project area, improve the overall development capacity. The project’s design and implementation will enable more Korean people involved in the project negotiation, that improve the Korean people to participate in community affairs enthusiasm and ability. After the completion of the project, it will be needed to establish and improve rural water organizations such as the water association. Water association makes coordination more convenient and effective between the Hui people and rural comprehensive development office, the Korean people and Korean people, Korean people and Han people. Water user association not only ensure that water fee collection is timely and effective, sustainable utilization of water system, but also improve the ability to integrate community (table 3-4).

Table3-4: Local residents’ evaluation to the benefit of project effective effective project number percentage sample percentage protection of agricultural 133 83 60.1 62.4 production improve the yield of crops 133 77 55.8 57.9 improve the planting structure 133 46 33.3 34.6 increase the income of farmers 133 81 58.7 60.9 reduce irrigation cost 133 88 63.8 66.2 optimal allocation of water 133 27 19.6 20.3 resources expand the planting area Soil and water conservation 133 44 31.9 33.1 improve ecological environment help harmony between community 133 25 18.1 18.8 residents improve the quality of project 133 10 7.2 7.5 management person reduce labour intensity 133 54 39.1 40.6 especially women, the elderly improve the level of agricultural 133 29 21.0 21.8 technology increase employment opportunities 132 26 18.8 19.7 other 132 1 0.7 0.8 Source: household sample survey

3.1.5 Through Training and Education: Improve the Population Quality

Economic and social survey showing, the cultural quality of labour is generally low in the project area. Many poor people’s education level was generally not high because of the influence of traditional concepts and other factors, which limited their development. But due to the high cost of irrigation in the project area, planting and breeding industry’s efficiency is relatively low. Rural young and educated substantial labour work to non-agricultural industries, labour groups who engaged in planting and breeding industry showed low culture, female, aging “three characteristics”, that is more obvious. It is more difficult that popularize of advanced and practical technology or agricultural structural adjustment.

After the implementation of the project, it will increase the technical training on planting, carry out science and technology to the countryside, technology promotion and other activities around the city, improve the farmers’ planting technology content of rice and other crops. At the same time, with planning and increasing intensity to the adjustment of agricultural structure in the project area, all kinds of related training and education will also continue to increase, so the quality of population will be promoted.

3.2 The Potential Impact

Through the questionnaire survey about adverse effects and the potential risk of the project, 71.7% of the respondents think that the project does not have negative effects, 20.3% of the respondents believed that the project may have adverse effects (table 3-6). In these adverse effects, 74.1% of the people think that because of land expropriation and the reduction of arable land, 18.5% of the people think that will increase the irrigation cost, 7.4% of the people think that will lead to fewer jobs (table 3-5, table 3-6). In addition, through setting some open questions, the questionnaire also understand residents may have the risk attitudes to the project. But most people think that, in the stage of design and implementation of the project, if you pay attention to these potential adverse effects and risks, measures can be taken to avoid the adverse effect and risk. But the beneficial effects of the project are far greater than the negative effects.

Table3-5: The interviewee attitude on “whether the project has adverse effect” effective cumulative project number percentage percentage percentage exist 28 20.3 22.0 22.0 effective don’t exist 99 71.7 78.0 100.0 total 127 92.0 100.0 defect system 11 8.0 total 138 100.0 Source: household sample survey

Table3-6:

The adverse effect that interviewee think possible effective cumulative project number percentage percentage percentage reduction of arable land 20 14.5 74.1 74.1 effective increase irrigation cost 5 3.6 18.5 92.6 fewer jobs 2 1.4 7.4 100.0 total 27 19.6 100.0 defect system 111 80.4 total 138 100.0 Source: household sample survey

3.2.1 Effect on Land Requisition

Most civil engineering focus on upgrading irrigation and drainage system and improving the road, that never need land acquisition, such as the lining channel and the laying of existing road. Part road of the drainage system, the existing route needs to be straightened, which may involve occupied farmland. However, because of irrigation canal and road still belongs to the rural collective, which do not needs a formal Land requisition 1. According to rural officials and villagers’ discussion, this limited covering number can be accept by the villagers who be affected, or be solved through land readjustment in the village. It is mainly because the villagers can benefit from it that this thing can get most of the villagers’ support, such as irrigation and drainage system can be improved, the average yield can be improved. For the limited area, due to the influence of people have benefited from the project, it do not have long-term impact on the villagers, as long as the impact is slow down by fair means.

3.2.2 Effect of Project Construction

During the execution of the project in detail, it also will have some impact on the villagers, including influence of the project covers area to land resources, influence of construction waste water, exhaust and noise on the environment quality. But most of these adverse effects are local, short-term and recovery, and it can be controlled or eliminated through the corresponding environmental protection. For example, construction should be chose in the slack season, so the crops are not affected. Nighttime construction should be prohibited, in order to ensure the normal life of local villagers uninterrupted. In addition, in order to promote local economic growth, it should be from the local and surrounding community that recruited the construction personnel, the local community main language will be used to facilitate exchanges with local residents.

1Here the land refers to the process of collective land converting to state-owned land through being approved and enforced by all levels land and resources management departments.

3.2.3 Potential Risks

The project has many potential risks. First, whether the project management office can obtain local farmers’ contribution during project execution time. According to the project planning, a part of the project funds form is labour and capital from local farmers. Based on previous experience, whether village agree is key of project execution by the plan, which often need the majority of participants including the town government and local Korean villager actively coordinate and make unremitting efforts to realize. The project villages’ agreement depends on whether they can solve some relatively poor families’ compensation, and whether it can deal with relatively less severe negative impact.

The second potential risk is whether peasant-using-water-association can be established in the village and normal operation during the irrigation system operation, when the construction project is completed. Peasant-using-water-association effectively operates only by local government strong support. The establishment of the association should consider the local economy and culture. In recent years, the water-user-association funded by the World Bank continuously develop under local villagers’ broad participation, which will achieve sustainable operation of irrigation system and target of saving water. This operation of water-user-association is successful to a certain extent based on the active participation of local villagers and extensive consultation in the village folk.

Through the questionnaire survey for the project area residents, the majority of residents are worried about “water price going up” problem with agricultural infrastructure development projects. In the existing irrigation water price attitude, 34.8% of the surveyed households think that water price is too high, 42% of the surveyed households think that water price is a little high but acceptable, 18.8% of the surveyed households think that water prices is normal. 45.7% of the surveyed households are willing to pay the price of 30 to 50 Yuan / mu for the irrigation, and that this is a reasonable price. Therefore, when the comprehensive agricultural development project is operating, it should be ensured that the project area farmers enjoy the favourable impact of the project, meanwhile their input of agricultural production will not increase, to reduce the farmer’s excessive burden caused by agricultural production input.

The third potential risk is due to the lack of time, inadequate of understanding to the peasant association, agricultural technology or of green agricultural products. The project should give full consideration to the local community’s culture, in Korean area, choice of industry should be in accordance with Korean local folk custom.

3.2.4 Summary

Based on the analysis of the project benefit and impact, it will not impose especially

adverse affect on the local Hui people, mainly because of their social and economic conditions and agricultural mode similar to Han people. Most of the Korean people lived in the project village, as long as the village fully consult and consider their opinions in the project planning and execution period, their current life style and cultural traditions can be sustained, their income will increase, living conditions can be improved. The project does not directly or indirectly affect the Korean people’s dignity, human rights and culture, it will not affect the local residents from all the natural and cultural resources. The project will continue consult with the Korean people, to ensure they (1) access to appropriate social and economic benefit; (2) avoid adversely affected by the project; (3) to actively involved in the projects of impact them.

4. The Process of Consultation and Participation

4.1 Early Period Process

The development plan of ethnic minorities was based on activities of the household survey, focus group discussion, key informant people interview and the stakeholder workshop. The public information about the activities is shown in table 4-1.

The household survey: In April 21th to 24th, 2011, consulting experts and social and economic investigation team look into 200 households in 2 administrative village of Xin-an project area, which know the ethnic minority groups’ basic information in project area about population, land, education, traditional culture, planting habits, attitudes to the project, requirements and suggestions.

Focus group discussion: In April 21th to 24th, June 18th, 2011, consulting experts convened 6 focus group meeting in 2 administrative villages in the project area convened 6 focus group meeting, including different minority groups, women and poverty to understand the groups’ irrigation cost about payment ability and willingness, growing differences, social affairs, gender division of labour in society, water user association and other relevant circumstances.

Key informant people interview: In the preparation stage, consulting experts and social and economic investigation team interview with people who have key information on two aspects. In April 21th to 24th, the interview at village director of Xin-an town, mainly to know about minority composition, education, cultivation, migrant workers, social gender division of labour, irrigation, water user association, preferential measures to the impoverished community and other relevant circumstances in the village.

In May 13th to 19th, 2011, in cooperation with the city project office, consultants visited the relevant person such as Hailin city of Poverty Alleviation Office, Ethnic and Religion Affairs Committee, Women’s Federation, Civil Affairs Bureau and other

departments. To understand the Hailin city and the project region of poverty status, ethnic and women development and rural minimum living standard and implementation; to understand the relevant policies and the project implementation of various departments.

Stakeholder workshops: In project preparation stage, consulting experts in the county, township, and village held a stakeholder workshop, to Encourage stakeholder involved in the project’s design and implementation; to understand the potential impacts of the project and the measures to avoid risks; communication with each department and ask comments and suggestions for “development plan of ethnic minorities”.

Table4-1: Early involvement situation for development plan of ethnic minorities in Xin-an town No. Type Time Place Participants Remarks know the ethnic minority groups’ basic information about population, land, The 2administrative April 21th- 200 peasant education, traditional 1 household village of April 24th households culture, planting habits, survey Xin-an town attitudes to the project, requirements and suggestions. understand ethnic minority groups’ irrigation cost about payment ability and Sanjiazi village Focus April 21th 65 villagers willingness, growing and 2 group to 24th, (female 26; poverty differences, social affairs, Xiaosanjiazi discussion June 18th, group 24) gender division of labor in village society, association and other relevant circumstances. 3 Key informant interviews mainly to know about minority composition, education, cultivation, migrant workers, social Sanjiazi village gender division of labour, Sanjiazi village chief Village-level April 21th- and irrigation, water user 3.1 and Xiaosanjiazi interview April 24th Xiaosanjiazi association, preferential village chief village measures to the impoverished community and other relevant circumstances in the village

To understand the Hailin city and the project region’s poverty, poverty Poverty Alleviation Poverty reduction measures have Office director Yang Alleviation been implemented; Jincai, Ethnic and Office, Ethnic understanding of ethnic Religion Affairs and Religion minorities and religious Committee director City-level May 13th Affairs beliefs, project impact on 3.2 Xu Fengze, Women’s interview to 19th Committee, minorities; development Federation director Women’s status of women, for Li Yanqiu, the Civil Federation, women’s support and Affairs Bureau Civil affairs development policy; deputy director Wu Bureau minimum living standards Jingtao and the implementation, policy for vulnerable groups. 4 Stakeholder workshops Hailin project office, water authority, Women’s Federation, Agriculture Bureau, Encourage stakeholders Poverty Alleviation involved in the design and Hailin City Office, Ethnic Affairs implementation of the March City-level Water Commission, Civil project; communication 4.1 26th, Seminar Conservancy Affairs Bureau, Land with each department and June 10th Bureau Bureau, Development ask comments and and Reform suggestions for “minority Commission; Design development action plan”. Units, the EIA planning unit; PPTA; the group of experts To communicate with Hailin City Project Hailin city departments Office, the Town for “minority development Government action plan”; to leadership, April 24th understand currently Agricultural Town-level to Xin-an town implementing various 4.2 Technology Seminar March government projects about irrigation Extension Station, 18th, district; discusses the Economic similarities and Management Station, differences of economy village committee culture between Korean director and Han nationality.

A total of 18 people, The potential impact of Xin-an town deputy the project on the towns, Sanjiazi Village-level mayor Wu attitudes to the project, the 4.3 April 21th Village Seminar Chengzhong, Sanjiazi towns’ population, land, committee village director Wang agriculture, irrigation and Xuetao, and villager. employment situation

4.2 Later Period Plan

In order to make the Xin-an town projects bring benefit maximum to the local ethnic minority groups, and avoid the potential risk of the project, it is also necessary adopt various measures to ensure that the local minority groups who be affected participate in the project during it implementation and operation.

1．During construction of the project, it should ensure non-skilled jobs in 40% is provided to the minority women and poverty in the project area; to avoid the noise pollution during the period, and to ensure the construction personnel respect the local ethnic minority culture and lifestyle.

2．During the project operation, the project management committee should be set up to participate in project construction and management, the management committee members should involve ethnic minorities, women representatives; all kinds of technical training and market awareness training should taking into account the different minority groups and women’s needs and characteristics, the training’s way, method and time should take on the elastic system, in the hope that make benefit for more groups; it should take measures to avoid security risks binged by channel through the villages to the local children etc.

4.3 Appeal procedures

In the stage of project implementation, the appeals from people in project regions are easy to be reported to community organizations, related county governments or agriculture comprehensive development offices administrated by county (city). Villagers could take various means to make appeal. For instance, they can appeal to villagers committee and they can get help from the staff in the committee to solve their problems in due time. If the villagers are not satisfied with the responses or decisions, they can further report their problems to the project teams of the town governments. If the explanations or decisions of the Town Governments are still unsatisfactory, the villagers can further report the problems to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Offices of the county (city) level governments. The formal appeal process is as follow:

(1) If people living in the subproject region have been under adverse impacts, they can handle their appeals or oral complains to the village committees or the village-level project

team or the town-level project team. If it is an oral complain, the officers of the related organization will record it and give a reply within 15 days. (2) If certain person are not satisfied with the decision made by the related organizations, he/she can handle the problem to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government within a month after he/she gets the reply. The Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government should give a reply within 15 days. (3) If the person is still not satisfied with decision made by the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the county (city) level government, he/she can handle the problem to the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the province-level government within a month, after he/she gets the reply. The Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the province-level government should give a reply within 15 days. (4) If he/she is still unsatisfied, he/she can appeal to the local court according to the process of the administrative law within 15 days after he/she receives the decision made by the Comprehensive Agricultural Development Office of the provincial government.

5. Action Plan

The implementation of the project with the participatory strategy to ensure that minority groups to participate in the project’s preparation, implementation and operation, which ensure that minority group benefits from the project. The development plan of ethnic minorities is the results based on the stakeholders’ negotiation. About the project details of influence to minority, measures, target population, relevant agencies, time, funding sources, monitoring indicators and other accessories, to see appendix “development plan of ethnic minorities of Xin-an town”.

5.1 The Measures of Strengthen Positive Benefits of the Project

To increase revenue by improving irrigation

Through the improvement of irrigation conditions, raising water flow to irrigation, and reduce water seepage, it will ensure adequate irrigation, improve rice yield, the average yield of rice will reach 120 kilograms per mu, which will increase the income of farmers.

By improving irrigation to provide conditions for the adjustment of agricultural structure of the project area, that will increase minority people’s income in the project area, and improve the living conditions.

To reduce the burden on Farmers by reducing agricultural investment

After the implementation of the project, due to the improvement of the channel structure, improve the irrigation, saving water resources and reduce the waste of water resources, which ensure farmers’ irrigation, reduce water consumption, reduce the cost of water, greatly reducing the farmers’ expenditure.

However, irrigation water fee is still a burden on the part of the poor families. Through consultation and communication with all stakeholders, water costs will be greatly reduced after the implementation of the project, the vast majority of people can afford, if the burden of irrigation costs have difficulty for a few poor family, the town and village committees will take measures to reduce irrigation cost for this part of the family.

To improve population quality of the minority in the project area through all kinds of training and education

During the project implementation, it will provide various training to improve the ability of participate in all aspects of project development for the minority minorities, to increase their benefits opportunities from the project. Include:

（1）Through training about irrigation management and water-saving awareness, to promote water-saving methods and measures in the project area, improve water-saving awareness of the masses, saving water resources, improve the efficiency of the project;

（ 2） Utilizing the relevant departments of the training funds, according to the agricultural adjustment planning of the project area and the needs of local ethnic minority people for cultivation training, develop training about crop cultivation and field management, pest control and market awareness, publicity and education, through these training and education, improve the population quality of the minority minorities in the project area, and improve their ability to benefit from the project.

5.2 The Measures of Reducing Potential Risks

To reduce the occupation of cultivated land

Civil engineering is mainly concentrated in the upgrading of irrigation and drainage system and improvement of road, the project implementation of transformation on the original basis try to reduce the occupation of farmland. For the limited occupation to land, it do not have long-term impact on the villagers, due to people influenced by the project have also benefited from it, as long as the impact by fair means to slow down.

Influence of project construction

The channel improvement will be constructed generally after famer using water, which can guarantee that does not affect the farmers’ normal production. Road construction projects will be done after crop fertilization and weed control, so does not affect the

normal work of the farmers. During the construction, the large machinery was acted after farmers go out to work, so the noise does not affect the normal life of the farmers.

To ensure personal safety

Construction company should strengthen the safety consciousness education, and provide insurance for construction personnel.

For some irrigation channels and canal through the village may pose a security threats to the local children’s personal. Suggestion: (1) set warning signs to indicate to channel risk in the village, (2) increase the safety awareness of the public, especially safety education, for family women who bear children (3) the do safety education in schools to prevent danger.

5.3 Capital Budget

The local government and the project will provide financial support for all measures. Each measure as the budget (Table 5-1), various activities budget will be adjusted according to needs, because the project design is still not complete.

Table5-1: Strengthening measures Budget Sources of Measure Goals / Indexs Beneficiary Time (RMB) funds Improve agricultural 2 Villages infrastructure, 16.04million Improvement of 890 labours, The yuan, agricultural including 9840 mu project 2011– including included in infrastructure in of the irrigation and office of 2015 the project the project village 370 Korean Hailin city drainage channels budget. labor and rural roads of the project area The training of the 2 Villages The guidance of 10000 yuan, new agricultural 890 labours, The agricultural and included in technology, new including project 2011– non-agricultural the project office of 2015 forestry technology 370 Korean skills budget. Hailin city and other skills labor

2 Villages training Peasant Management of 10000 yuan, The 890 labours, included in project 2011– using water water and irrigation including the project office of 2015 370 Korean association system budget. Hailin city labor

6. Monitoring and Evaluation

Requirements for the monitoring and assessment on the development plan of the minority nationalities to ensure that the scheme can perform and attain a desired goal reasonably. The final monitoring and evaluation report will be made before the project started. The Asian Development Bank will aid project in Hailin city management office to develop monitoring and evaluation report. A target of monitoring and evaluation:

ò The effect determining by collecting data and information, and through other qualitative material to describe the change of the ethnic minorities and their communities in the society, in terms of poverty; ò Analyze and record on the road rehabilitation and poverty alleviation interventions in future planning results; ò Preliminary planning scheme and implementation in need of additional activities; ò Focusing on the project in the key activities and programs, and in other areas.

At least should collect the data of main index, some very important evaluation index are as follows. Specific implementation index of development plan of ethnic minority is in front of the form. When necessary, the data collected can be classified according to gender and ethnicity:

ò The Output value of target village; ò Per capita income; ò The impoverishment rate; ò The project villages asset ownership; ò The new trade activities along the side of the river; ò Reasons for the change of water quality and health of people for the project village; ò New or in the construction of housing in the project town; ò The project village road construction technology and the social economy development of the guidance and training of the frequency; ò The project village to carry out technological for road construction, socio-economic guidance and training frequency; ò The attendance and drop–out rate for school according to different grade, gender and ethnicity by the project town.

All of the above problems are not applicable to any case. Some problems only involved in the villages affected by the project area, some apply only completed flood control engineering. “pre-construction Survey” problems should be expected benefit of the

scheme and other priority development activities. The investigation should be carried out in the village near the project area.

Annex

Annex 1: Minority policy framework

Table 1 Policy framework for the ethnic minorities in China and Heilongjiang province

Name of the main Category The main content of the policy policies and regulations National laws and regulations: Constitution of the People's Republic of China, （1）National autonomous areas in addition to enjoy the equal power of local governments, autonomous local authority also enjoy the following rights: Law of the People's autonomous legislative power; Autonomous local political affairs, the local Republic of China on economy, financial affairs, science, education and cultural affairs, such as the regional national component of the local public security forces, use and development of ethnic autonomy , minority languages, etc. Organic law of the （2）The citizens of the People’s Republic of China enjoy freedom of villagers’committees of religious belief, national and organs of self-government of national the People's Republic of autonomous areas ensure citizens have freedom of religious belief. China's China, relevant laws （3）National administration regulations are formulated to promote the and regulations on the development of township economy, culture, etc, protect the legitimate rights regulations clerical work of of ethnic minorities, and strengthen the national unity. and the nationality township of relevant the People’s Republic of （4）In addition to the persons deprived of political rights, the villagers over regulations in China, the age of eighteen, regardless of nationality, race, sex, occupation, family Heilongjiang background, religious belief, education, property status, living period, have Minority business of the province the right to vote and the right to be elected. Eleventh Five-Year Plan, （ 5 ） Countries help all the minority nationalities to accelerate the Relevant regulations in development of economic construction and cultural construction, etc , from Heilongjiang province ： the aspects of financial, material, technology. Regulations on the urban ethnic work of （6） Adhere to the principle of equality of all national languages, protection Heilongjiang province, of all ethnic have the freedom to use and develop their own language, advocate and encourage all ethnic to learn language with each other. Regulations on the nationality townships of Heilongjiang province,

Regulations on the nationality education of

Name of the main Category The main content of the policy policies and regulations Heilongjiang province

(1) In the 55 ethnic minorities, support the 22 national under 100000 population , Including the Salar nationality. The duration of the plan for 2005-2010.

(2) Development goals: through five years of efforts, to make the infrastructure of less population nationalities inhabit administrative villages be obviously improved.To effectively solve the masses of problems existing in the production and living, and basically solve the existing problem of food and clothing of the poor,economic and social development level basically reached the local medium or above level. after a period of hard work, make the population less nationalities reach the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way. The development planning of supporting (3)Main task: to strengthen the construction of infrastructure, improve the ethnic groups with production and living conditions, key construction, human and animal small drinking water project, transportation project, electricity, radio and television populations(2005-2010) telephone projects, housing projects, the lack of basic farmland(pasture) construction project ,make the farmers and herdsmen who are lack of living National conditions for ecological migration; Adjust the economic structure, develop supports characteristic industry, promote the masses' income; Develop science and policy technology, education, health, culture and other social undertakings, to promote social progress; Strengthen training, improve the quality of the population

(4)Policies and measures: we will strengthening the support for the infrastructure construction, strengthening the support of financial funds, credit funds, strengthening the support for social undertakings, personnel training, and assistance to oriented area.

①Vigorously develop modern agriculture. Northeast China have advantageous conditions with development of modern agriculture. Around to improve land productivity, resource utilization, and the labor productivity, to Several opinions of the study and formulate policy and measures to accelerate the development of State Council on further modern agriculture in northeast China. Combined with the implementation of promotion of the old the national by 100 billion tons of grain production capacity planning, northeast industrial base Strengthen construction of ability of grain production in northeast China to form stable strategy of national food base. Increase the intensity of high science and technology project of grain, vigorously promote new technology of high yield and good quality, reduce cost efficiency. Optimize the structure

Name of the main Category The main content of the policy policies and regulations of agricultural machinery, improve the level of agricultural mechanization. Intensify the building of farm trailer and tractor road. Strengthen agricultural foreign cooperation in northeast China, support conditional enterprises engage in the development of agricultural cooperation with the surrounding countries and regions.

②Strengthen the construction of agricultural and rural basic conditions. Carry out, with emphasis on the water conservancy construction of agricultural infrastructure, and with water, electricity, road, air, etc as the key point of rural infrastructure construction. Promote Nen River draw into white River, sanjiang plain irrigation area, Nierji reservoir downstream irrigation and water conservancy hub and ChaoLe downstream irrigation area, Daan irrigation area, large irrigation and drainage pumping station renovation and other major water conservancy project construction, Speed up the implementation of dilapidated reservoirs and consolidate, water-saving irrigation demonstration and small irrigation and water conservancy project. Implementation farmer science special grain storage, promote science and technology of grain storage, support the development of several new grain storage and circulation mode, such as the food bank. Promote agricultural informatization, establish and perfect the agricultural science and technology support and social service system, improve service levels. Balance urban and rural development, combined with new socialist countryside construction, speed up the development of small towns and central village, improving production conditions and living conditions of rural residents. Speed up the solution to the problem of rural drinking water safety. Cancel the capital allocation of counties and county (below) money of rural public welfare construction project .

The eleventh five-year plan of the national economic and social development in Heilongjiang province, Regional the eleventh five-year plan of the national economic and social development in development Hailin city ,the water conservancy planning for poverty alleviation in 2001-2010 in Heilongjiang planning province, the “eleventh five-year”water conservancy development plan in heilongjiang province.

The adb's ethnic policy The adb's ethnic policy mainly aim to ensure that ethnic groups can participate in and benefit from the development projects. The main policy include:

(1) National minority people's socioeconomic status and quality of life is

usually lower than the mainstream population. While fully recognize the sovereignty of loan countries, think it is the responsibility of the Asian development bank to guarantee:

the equal opportunity of ethnic minorities, as well as its action and aid to

Name of the main Category The main content of the policy policies and regulations developing countries will not make a negative impact on culture, life and interests of ethnic minorities.

The adb assistance progr am is likely to have the potential adverse impact on the ethnic minorities of the location of the project .

（2）Ethnic minority development plan should describe the social and economic characteristics of the project affect ethnic minorities, make sure the project for them including positive and negative aspects of the significant influence, and should consider to modify the project design in order to minimize negative influence, or take measures to prevent or reduce the negative influence to strengthen the benefits of the project for minority nationalities. Ethnic minority development plan should include the implementation and monitoring and evaluation program.

Annex 2: Being implemented minority projects in the project

area Table 2 Being implemented minority projects in the project area Funding Project name Organization Time Item Source Agricultural The demonstration technology National project of promotion 2009 to 2010 technical Annual funding for 50,000 yuan high-yielding rice center of Hailin department city National and Employment provincial Sunlight Project bureau of Since 2004 Annual funding for 100,000 yuan financial Hailin city department The whole village Support 112 villages,annual project Poverty National and funding for 1000,000 yuan alleviation provincial Aid project 2000 to 2010 Support 6 leading enterprises office of Hailin anti-poverty city funds Practical technical training, annual Spring Bud Plan funding for 100,000 yuan National and Investment of 3 million yuan of Reservoir provincial each reservoir state, investment of 2008 to 2010 reinforcement project financial the provincial finance 500,000 Water authority department yuan Safe drinking water of Hailin city Provincial Since 2006 project Special funds Small farmland Provincial Since 2007 irrigation project Special funds Primary and Education Provincial secondary school department of 2009 to 2010 financial Invest 800,000 yuan construction project Hailin city department Provincial Total loans more than 4 million Business loan project Since 2007 financial Agricultural yuan department bureau of Annual funding for 200,000 yuan, Planting technical Hailin city Ministry of Since 2000 rice, corn , vegetables and other training project Agriculture planting and pest control Provincial Cadre training Training school The main training for the village Since 2007 financial project of Hailin city director department

The county Provincial Science and technology The total funding is more than financial technology project department of 1,000,000 yuan department Hailin city

World bank Loan The total investment is 6,000,000 2006 to 2011 World bank Project Agriculture yuan development office of Hailin National and Paddy water-saving city provincial irrigation projects in 2007 to 2010 financial The total investment is 2,000,000 Xin’an town department yuan

Annex 3: Symposium record in Xin-an town

Table 3 Symposium situation No. Time Places Participants The villager’s home in Sanjiazi 9 Korean families （2 poors,4 females,1 male ）、 PMO staff in 1 April 21, 2011 village Hailin county 、Socio-economic survey team The villager committee in 110 Korean families （25 poors,50 females,35 males ）、 PMO staff 2 April 22, 2011 Sanjiazi village in Hailin county 、Socio-economic survey team The villager committee in 45 Korean families （12 poors,20 females, 13 males ）、 PMO staff 3 April 23, 2011 Xiaosanjiazi village in Hailin county 、Socio-economic survey team 15 Korean families （4 poors, 7 females,4 males ）、 PMO staff in 4 April 24, 2011 in Sanjiazi village Hailin county 、Socio-economic survey team 6 Korean families （2 poors, 3 females, 1male ）、 PMO staff in 5 April 24, 2011 in Xiaosanjiazi village Hailin county 、Socio-economic survey team The town government office in 25 villagers （7 females, 8 poors ，5 village cadres, 5 country 6 June 18,2011 Xin-an town cadres ，）、 PMO staff in Hailin county 、experts

SYMPOSIUM RECORD POINTS

（1） The national merge 1）Intermarriage in other ethnic groups. 2）Adjust plant structure and increase income. （2） Irrigation 1）The high cost of irrigation water. 2）If the villagers conflict by the order of irrigation, the village committee will mediate. 3）No ethnic disputes. 4）People are looking forward to the Sanjiazi irrigation channels. （3） Education 1）Korean girls can go to school , but generally only up to the junior school. 20 -year-old girls to be married, if they have been to school, when they graduate, it is difficult to find boyfriends. 2）Most of them are junior school , very few college , but do not go to school very little. 3）They think that learning can not let them get a good job , and this is the reason they are not on a high school . （4） Plant All ethnic groups are basically the same in cultivation, because production conditions are almost the same. （5） Gender 1）Division of labor ：women not only do housework, care for kith and kin , but also do some field work , such as farming, weeding , irrigation , harvesting. Heavy work is usually done by men, such as plowing and harvesting. 2）Public affairs ：Men usually attend village meetings, if the husband is not in ,

women instead, but they will not speak. They will not participate in other organizations, because men are in charge of all thing. There is no time and a lot of housework to do for women, they think spotlight bad.

Annex 4: The project of the national minority development plan in Xin’an town

Tab.4 The project of the national minority development plan in Xin’an town Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency A． Improvement of irrigation systems(including civil works ) a. Project fundings a. i ）Improving170,000 mu irrigation a. The number of acres 1 country, 2 b. i) Agricultural administrative area improving irrigation area extension fundings 1. Increase irrigated area and villages,a total The project office ii ）Small farmland irrigation projects b.The proportion of income population of of Hailin city the 2010 b. i) Adjust agricultural planting ii) National special 、 Industrial restructuring 3622 people township to structure,the planting proportion range aid-the-poor funds 、 a．Improve irrigated area ， 1493 agricultural government 、the 2015 from 40:35(in 2007) to 60:20(in 2020). provisional c. Increase income ， b. Adjust agricultural structure labor.1521Korean village financial funds Particularly vulnerable ii)The whole village project s,42% of the total groups ( including women c. Land population. iii) Concentrated plant project and the poor ） consolidation funds 1 country, 2 2.Reduce the burden of administrative a. Project fundings farmers by decreasing the villages, a total The project office a.Saving water 51,000 yuan per year, a. The irrigation cost of per agricultural investment population of of Hailin city 、the 2010 reducing the cost of water 3 yuan per b. Project funding acre 3622 people ， township to mu. and local a. Save water consumption b. Farmers reduced such 1493 agricultural government 、the 2015 b. Improving irrigation ，saving the cost government and reduce the cost of water. spending labor.1521Korean village of cleaning. financial funds b.Save the cost of cleaning s, 42% of the total population. 3. Increase employment opportunities a. The proportion of the A The project a. Provide 390 non-technical jobs population in a.The affected people get 748 people,270 office of Hailin 2010 during the construction a.b: Project non-technical jobs priority non-technical people of females city the township to b．Provide 270non-technical jobs 、 fundings positions. and poor groups government 、the 2015 forwomen and poors during the b. The employment of the vulnerable groups in b．Ensure that 40% of village construction non-technical jobs non-technical jobs provide for poor g roups and women

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency priority 4. Ensuring personal safety a.The construction unit ensures construction workers’ personal a. Personal safety and insurance insurance or disability insurance of workers in the construction a. Safeguards of b. Set the security warning signs or construction unit ； b. Set warning signs a. Construction unit fences in higher risk channels. a.b. Project b.Records ；Measures of c. Increase safety awareness b. The project fundings 2010 c. The township governments and safety warning campaigns , particularly for Children in office of Hailin to village committees in charge of the c.d. Local women and the elderly project area city the township c.Manners of safety 、 2015 project , and carry out safety Education government government the warning/ participants 、 2-3 times each year in each project financial funds d. Safety education in schools. village village . d.Measures of safety warning in school d.Carry out safety education 2-3 times each semester in primary and secondary schools in the project area . a. Design Institute 、 5. Reduce the risk of demolition a.Design units, PMO and resettlement agency for planning unit should discuss about a. Try to avoid land acquisition resettlements together changing project design and b.The project offices 、 2010 reducing land acquisition b. Provide full compensation Funds for resettlements the township to b. Housing covering compensation at See resettlement plan for the affected people resttlements government 、the 2015 replacement cost ；Trunk and branch c. Maintaining the architectural villager Committee canals covering compensation at style of ethnic minorities in permanent land price reconstruction c. The project c.Relocatees can build traditional-style office of Hailin city 、 house according to their own wishes. 6. Ensure the normal life of the a. Construction unit 、 a. Village leaders education the a.The records between local villagers undisturbed the township construction units ethnic cultural and construction units and government of customs practices before the the local people a. Respect for local customs and 2010 chanal nearby Xin'an 、the village construction. Environmental b. The low-noise cultural traditions to residents b. Design institute 、 b.c.d.e: Education construction management funds technology and techniques b. Low noise construction 2015 construction unit personnel environmental protection during the construction processes and technologies laws and regulations, etc ； c.d ：Construction c. The number of nighttime c. Night work is prohibited unit 、The project Regular watering, prevent dust construction

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency d. Strict compliance with noise office of Hailin pollution , control environmental d. Noise standards during standards citye:EPA of Hailin quality in the construction area ； construction city 、The project Control of construction sites and road e. Set tooting signs office of Hailin city e. Set tooting signs traffic noise ，reduce the impact of noise on the surrounding villagers and construction workers ； Regular cleaning of garbage, prohibit littering and emissions

7. Keep the traffic flowing a.Design The a. Design units , construction units, a. Ensure communication with project office of PMO , relevant agencies, different the owners of the units , public 1 country, 2 Hailin city 、the groups ( gender, ethnicity, income ) a. The number of public 2010 participation administrative township hold the forum no less than three a.b. Project participation to villages,3622 government 、the times each year ；The main content of fundings b. Stamped on the field 2015 b. Measures of agricultural people villager Committee the design scheme should be channels , and set up the announced to the public. vehicles out-in the land sidewalk for agricultural b Design institute 、 vehicles construction unit b. Arrange 5 axles. B. Participatory Irrigation Management

1 country, 2 a.County financial pay for the water fees and daily expenses of Xin'antown ； 8. Sustainable irrigation risk administrative a. Financial bureau 、 operation and maintenance costs are a.The sources of operating villages,a total Water Conservation a. Adequate operating and included in the county financial and administrative population of Bureau 2010 administrative expenses 3622 people ， to budget , and the rest paid by farmers. Water fees expenses b.c the township b. Reduce water dispute 1493agricultural ： 2015 b. Government and village leaders b. Water disputes records government the labor.1521Korean 、 should strengthen water management and processing records villager Committee s,42% of the total mechanism, improve the standard of population. water management , reduce dispute. a. b Water Funds for 9. Train women on security ： a. Carried out personal safety education a.The number of training awareness and water-saving Conservation 2010 each year 1-2 times in each project participatory in country awareness 748 females Bureau 、Women's to village. irrigation Federation 、Employ 2015 management / b. The number of training a. Security awareness service Management b.Carried out water-saving awareness Training costs and and study bureau 、agriculture training annually 1-2 times in each promotional

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency b. Water -saving awareness bureau ，the township project village ；Organize farmers to expenses government 、the participate in the field study of villager Committee water-saving methods of learning activities two times / Water Saving Week promotional activities C. Support irrigated agriculture 10. Increase the population a. Crop field tri als and demonstration quality through training and six times ，Farmer field study 62 times ； education Irrigation management training 49 times. a. Irrigation management a. Water a.b.c Funds for a.The number of trips and Conservation Bureau b. Crop field trials and demonstration b. Crop planting and participatory (WCB) of Hailin city six times ，farmer field study 62 times ； participation in irrigation irrigation management economic crop field trials and b. Agriculture burea management / management training demonstration six times ，farmer field c. Awareness of the market technical training 3622 people ， 2010 study 62 time/ crop cultivation and b．c.The number of trips ( including the operation of c. Agriculture burea 、 project funding 1493 agricultural Employ service to management training 49 times / the market and risk /Agricultural and participation in labor. Management bureau 2015 planting technical training programs awareness ) 、 technology Economic crop technology Technology Bureau d.Water-saving awareness c.Carry out market knowledge training promotion funds and management d. Water for people work in association of d.Promotional Conservation Bureau organic rice and other professional techniques expenses of Hailin city agricultural cooperatives (FPAs) 20 d. Water-saving publicity times. d.According to training programs, conduct special training 49 times.

11. Farm crops risk 1 country, 2 a. Agriculture burea a.Carry out agricultural professional a. b. d Funds administrative a.The number of a. Agricultural Technology of Hailin city technical training four times for professional and villages,a total officials and farmers. technical agricultural professional Promotion b.d.Agriculture population of 2010 associations of 3622 people ， burea ，the township to b.d.Play the role of agricultural and technical associations b. Agricultural cooperatives farmers 1493 agricultural government 、the 2015 cooperatives (FPAs) and provide training for officials and （FPAs ） labor.1521Korean villager Committee agricultural market information to / Agricultural farmers. technology farmers c. Improve awareness of s,42% of the total c.e Technology population. promotion funds b.d.The way of providing agricultural natural disaster Bureau 、Labour c.Attract people back country venture

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency insurance, expand the Bureau ，the township by expanding the area of arable c. e. f local agricultural market proportion of insurance government 、the land , reducing the cost of government villager Committee irrigation , adjusting the structure of financial funds/ information d. Provide timely market planting, improving agricultural technical training c.e. The proportion of f.Agriculture burea 、 information income. project funding insurance ，the labor Agricultural /funds for pest number of back Technology f.Agricultural Technology Promotion e. Attract venture control. hometowns Promotion Center 、 Center , Agriculture , Forestry f. Pest control Forestry bureau Bureau provide the knowledge and f.The number of pest training of pest prevention to farmers control training timely , four times each year, Technology bureau, agriculture bureau, forestry bureau and other departments send technicians to guide farmers to carry out pest and disease prevention activities 1-2 times. a.Women of all participants in the a.b.c Women's ： training program are not less than Funds for Federation 12. Train women on planting 、 50%.. participatory agriculture burea techniques and labor skill 、 irrigation Employ service b. Training should consider women's a.The number of women 2010 management / a. Take into account the needs Management bureau time and education ,by easily 748 females 、 to Agricultural b.Time and manner of women Technology Bureau acceptable form and minority 、 2015 technology the Religious languages , etc. b. Appropriate time and method promotion funds / c.Language Affairs the township ， technical training c. Language training government the c.Taking language training by Chinese 、 project funding. villager Committee and Mongolian in the ethnic areas, or arrange translators in the training.

13. Strengthen women's market a. Agriculture burea a. The proportion of women is not less a. The number of women awareness and language than 30% in agricultural Funds for b.c.d. Employ service b.The measures of Market cooperatives . participatory a. Ensure women participate in Management bureau 2010 aware ness training in 、 irrigation agricultural cooperatives 748 females agriculture burea to b. The proportion of women is not less gender-sensitive 、 management / （FPAs ） Forestry bureau 2015 than 30% in market awareness training. 、 technical training c. Training’s time and Animal husbandry b. Take into account the needs c. Training should consider women's project funding. manner bureau 、Technology time and education ,by easily of women bureau 、Women's acceptable form and minority

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency c. Train women on market Federation 、Supply languages , etc d.Mandarin training awareness in appropriate time and Marketing d.Mandarin training is included in the and method Cooperative training program. d. Improve the ability to communicate with others by mandarin training a. Financial bureau 、 Poverty Alleviation a. The government Office 、Women's discount loans ； Federation rural credit loans. 14. Lack of industrial a.Provide special microcredit for b. Financial bureau a.The number of restructuring costs 、 poor groups and women by taking b.National and agricultural bureau microfinance(including government discount loans measures. provisional poverty a. Microcredit to poor minority and commercial minority groups and alleviation funds. women) families and women The poor groups office of Hailin city 、 2010 b. Industrialization poverty alleviation c. Agricultural b. Support the agricultural and females in Poverty Alleviation to project. b.The number of enterprise project area Office relevant technology products processing enterprises ， 2015 c.The special subsidies and financial institutions c.Agricultural technology promotion promotion funds c. Special subsidies for projects / Science and technology households in features large-scale cultivation of c. Financial bureau promotion projects/concentrated plant / Science and large-scale cultivation of agriculture. and agricultural projects . technology project agriculture bureau of Hailin city ， funding / the township concentrated plant government 、the project funds. villager Committee D. Organizatio nal capacity development a.b.c.Design a.The number of women 15. Promote women's a. Ask for the views and suggestions of institute,Women's a.b ：Project held a symposium and participation in the project women , women’s representatives and Federation, fundings. proposals a. Take into account the needs construction unit 2010 organizations should have participated b. Women's employment in and suggestion of women 748 females to in the meeting. c.d ：funds for d. Water user participatory the non- technical 2015 b.c.40% of non-technical jobs provide b. Ensure that 40% of association ，Poverty irrigation positions non-technical jobs provide for Alleviation for poor groups and women priority management. c.The number of women poor groups and women priority Office,WCB of during the construction. work in industry Hailin city 、Women's

Implementing Suggestion Target groups Time Specific actions Funds Monitor control index agency c. Encourage women to provide Federation of Hailin catering , hairdressing and other city services during the e. Land Bureau of construction ,create jobs Hailin city ，Design The project office of Hailin city 、the township government 、the villager Committee

Annex 5: Outline of monitoring and evaluation

Table 5 project development plan outline of monitoring and evaluation of ethnic minorities

Monitoring and Monitoring period and Monitoring method Monitoring content evaluation report mechanism

① monitoring and during the period of evaluation is obtained by using ethnic minority the method of the field development plan investigation, sampling implementation,the investigation,calculation external monitor do Every six months the analysis ，and combine with regular monitoring once internal monitoring and experts comprehensive a year.The main evaluation report submitted evaluation monitoring of the to the Asian development following activities: the project ②the field investigation bank by project unit ； department is is in the way of link work at ①Is the right that External monitoring report responsible for the selected spots with that in ethnic minorities and each year submitted to the internal monitoring ; entire areas ,and completely ethnic minority equally Asian development bank External monitoring investigate the progress of the take part in the project by the independent is by the project implementation of ethnic guaranteed? monitoring and evaluation minority development plan, department of institutions ．Specific ② fund implementation, effect, Minority entrusted with external monitoring organization and management language, cultural rights qualification of assessment cycle is as are respected? independent and so on situation. follows: monitoring and ③According to the ③conduct sampling evaluation 1）In April 2009 ~ July requirements of MEGDP survey with the family of institutions. 2009 the first phase of the project influence area and local projects do what monitoring and evaluation benefit area(especially the specific measures? How Hailin project report (basal survey); project influence area family is the effect of these department will be 2)in April 2010 to July and the minority measures? responsible for 2010 The second phase of family),Sampling survey using monitoring the cost ④How is the the monitoring and the method of classification of the assessment. evaluaion of Ethnic evaluation report; of random sampling,doing minorities and ethnic fixed point tracking of typical minority for these 3)in April 2011 to July sample family of ethnic measures? 2011 The third phase of minorities monitoring and evaluation ⑤What is the report ． ④ each sampling specific evaluation of proportion is no less than 20% subject crowd for these of the project affected measures? population,the proportion of ethnic minority family shall ⑥Is there a

not be less than 50% of the MEGDP monitoring and sample households,In order to evaluation mechanism? collect related information, and Whether effective? fill in impact form and compared with the data of ethnic minority development plan ，need to do social economy investigation and immigration survey.

⑤In addition to the written materials, pay attention to collect pictures, audio, video, and physical data, creating a database of public participation and results.