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Be Expert with Map and Compass, 3Rd Edition bindex.indd 248 10/22/09 3:55:48 PM Be Expert with MAP & COMPASS THIRD EDITION Björn Kjellström Revised and updated by Carina Kjellström Elgin John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.indd i 10/22/09 11:39:25 AM Copyright © 1955, 1967, 1975, 1976, 1994 by Björn Kjellström. Revised edition copyright © 2010 by Carina Kjellström Elgin. Ilustrated by Newt Heisley and Associates; maps by U.S. Geological Survey and Silva Orienteering Services; photo on page 6 ©Autumn Manka, SkyWideDesign.com; photos on pages 11, 103, 105 by Katherine Elgin. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, record- ing, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 646-8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or war- ranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profi t or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. ISBN 978-0470-40765-3 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ffirs.indd ii 10/22/09 11:39:26 AM Contents Preface to the Third Edition v Introduction The Art (and Science) of Orienteering 1 The Map and Compass in Your Everyday Life 3 The Map and Compass in the Outdoors 5 Map and Compass for the Family 7 Map and Compass Bringing People Together 8 Using the Map and Compass in Education 9 The “Romance” of Orienteering 10 Part I Discovery: Fun with Maps Alone 11 What Is a Map? 12 What the Map Tells 20 Traveling by Map 52 Part II Exploration: Fun with the Compass 65 The Origin of the Compass 67 Compass Design Basics 73 Traveling by Compass Alone 74 Test Your Compass Skills 85 Fishing and Hunting: Special Use of Your Compass 102 iii ftoc.indd iii 10/22/09 3:46:39 PM Part III Adventure: Fun with Map and Compass 109 The Excitement of the Uncertain 112 Traveling by Map and Compass—Orienteering 126 Hints on Wilderness Orienteering 143 Part IV Challenge: Competitive Orienteering 149 The History of the Sport of Orienteering 151 Your First Orienteering Race 171 Hints on Competitive Orienteering 180 Organizing an Orienteering Event 195 Preparing the Course 196 Running an Orienteering Event 212 Answers to Tests 223 Glossary 227 Map and Compass Resources 231 Int ernational Orienteering Federation Control Descriptions 233 Index 239 Training Map Attached to Back Cover iv / Contents ftoc.indd iv 10/22/09 3:46:39 PM Preface to the Third Edition Bj ö rn Kjellstr ö m at his beloved cabin in Sweden in the 1960s. This book has been around for longer than I have, and I am “ no spring chicken, ” as they say, having just crossed that notorious half - century mark. First published in 1955, Be Expert with Map & Compass has become an institution as a guide for generations of people seek- ing important basic navigational skills. Over 500,000 copies have been sold in English - language editions, and it has been published in French, Italian, and Chinese. v flast.indd v 10/22/09 11:40:07 AM I am always pleased when I meet people from all walks of life who are familiar with, and indeed fond of, this book. From for- mer Boy Scouts to Marines to avid deer hunters to 4 - H leaders to search- and - rescue dog teams, I have been impressed by the number of people who become animated when the book is brought up. For many, it rekindles memories of the great outdoor opportunities it led them to; for others, it seems to remind them of younger, simpler days spent fi dgeting with the dials and trying to master the mystery of magnetism. Many things are different from when my late father, Bj ö rn Kjellströ m, last updated this book in 1994, with the help of one of my dear brothers, Tord. International and national - level orienteering has continued to develop into a highly technical sport, utilizing the most modern techniques and materials. Global Positioning Systems, known as GPS, were certainly not a readily available consumer item just a few years ago. This book, however, is still the ideal for anyone who wants to learn the basics of compass navigation, as it helps you get comfortable with map and compass skills and gets you ready to participate in or organize a local orienteering event. It was “ Green Bar Bill, ” Bill Hillcourt, a hero in American scout- ing circles, who initially encouraged my father to write this guide. My father had been a Championship Orienteer, on foot and on skis, in his native Sweden, though his passion was admittedly for nature and the compass, not for trophies and medals. An entrepreneur from the start, he registered the company that was to become known the world over as Silva at the ripe age of nineteen. A few years later, in 1933, he and his brother, Alvar, joined forces with another young orienteer named Gunnar Tillander. Together they made history by producing and marketing the fi rst protractor - compass, the concept of which still defi nes the modern orienteering compass today. Silva compasses became the standard, selling over 500,000 a year in the United States alone. In 1946, my father took his fi rst business trip to the United States, dur- ing which he helped Scout leaders organize the fi rst orienteering event in the United States, at Indiana Dunes State Park, near Lake Michigan. He is credited with introducing the sport of orienteering to North America, and even with coining the English word “ orienteering. ” vi / Preface to the Third Edition flast.indd vi 10/22/09 11:40:08 AM He moved permanently to Westchester County, New York, in the late 1950s. He had the 4,700 - acre Ward Pound Ridge Reservation as his backyard, so to speak, and quickly made it a point to clear and mark cross - country ski and hiking trails. A professional orienteering map followed, and soon training events were a regular occurrence one hour north of New York City. He somehow found time to be vice- president of the International Ski Federation and was actively involved in the Swedish, U.S., and International Orienteering Federations. When the time came to update the book, I took the project on with trepidation. How could you improve upon what was considered a classic? Even though newer books have appeared on the market, it seems there is none better at providing a simple, step- by - step guide to success. I quickly realized there wasn’ t much I needed to change, though I had a good time modernizing some of the content and some of the Swinglish (Swedish - English) language. Going through this book page by page reminded me of many days spent by his side in “ the Reservation, ” training scout leaders and other Carina Elgin with her father, Bj ö rn Kjellstr ö m. Preface to the Third Edition / vii flast.indd vii 10/22/09 11:40:08 AM willing participants. As I retyped the various “ practices ” given in the book, I remembered being a young girl and doing them all, under his kind, patient eye. He hiked or skied the trails daily, and often, as a child, I would go along, slowing down his six - foot - three pace notably. Frequently, we would stop at a “ coffee place ” in the middle of the woods, enjoy some juice and cookies, and marvel at the beauty around us. I thank him for so many things, including that love of nature and a very useful innate sense of direction. In his eighties, the “gentle giant ” with the warm wit was slowed by Parkinson’ s disease. I know he was frustrated when his long legs stopped being able to handle those daily walks through the woods. One of the last days we spent together was on the deck of our summer cabin in Sweden.
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