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A Rodenticide Bait Based on a Synergetic Association Of (19) & (11) EP 2 090 164 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A01N 25/00 (2006.01) A01N 43/16 (2006.01) 07.12.2011 Bulletin 2011/49 (21) Application number: 09152774.7 (22) Date of filing: 13.02.2009 (54) A rodenticide bait based on a synergetic association of anticoagulant active ingredients Nagetiergiftköder auf Basis einer synergistischen Assoziation von blutgerinnungshemmenden aktiven Zutaten Appât rodenticide basé sur une association synergique d’ingrédients actifs anticoagulants (84) Designated Contracting States: • Zambotto, Pierpaolo AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR 35025 Cartura (Padova) (IT) HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR (74) Representative: Coppo, Alessandro Murgitroyd & Company (30) Priority: 15.02.2008 IT MI20080238 Piazza Borromeo 12 20123 Milano (IT) (43) Date of publication of application: 19.08.2009 Bulletin 2009/34 (56) References cited: EP-A- 1 279 334 GB-A- 2 184 020 (73) Proprietor: Zapi Industrie Chimiche S.p.A. 35026 Conselve (Padova) (IT) Remarks: Thefile contains technical information submitted after (72) Inventors: the application was filed and not included in this • Tagliaro, Massimo specification 35020 Albignasego (Padova) (IT) Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 090 164 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 2 090 164 B1 Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 [0001] The present invention relates to a rodenticide bait based on a synergetic association of anticoagulant active ingredients. [0002] The invention originates in the field of products for preventing and treating infestations by the murine species. [0003] Specifically, the present invention relates to a rodenticide bait containing selected anticoagulant active ingre- dients which, in combination, develop synergy in a disinfesting action. 10 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0004] The problem of mice and rats infestations has become notoriously one of the sanitary priorities, especially in urban centers, where adequate hygienic-sanitary standards must be ensured. 15 [0005] Rats and mice not only live a parasitic life, that impoverishes available food resources, but also they are carriers of diseases injurious to humans or domestic animals. [0006] As a consequence, over the years there have been developed various disinfestation systems, both of physical/ electronic and chemical types. 20 Physical Means [0007] Mechanical traps, glues and ultrasounds are known among the physical means available for controlling the infestations. [0008] The first ones currently find application mainly in a census of infesting species and the number of appearances . 25 It is recommended to distribute a fair amount thereof in transit ways, baiting them with different food substances. [0009] The glues are adhesive substances that can be useful in case of not massive infestations and in cases in which the use of chemical rodenticide is not advisable. High environment temperatures and dustiness of rooms are the main disadvantages that reduce their effectiveness. 30 Electronic Means [0010] As far as ultrasound use is concerned, it has been found that the murine species gets rapidly inured to the typical frequencies used, those over 20 MHz, not perceptible to the human ear. In addition, it has been found that the sound annoyance is more irritating for domestic animals than for rodents. 35 Chemical Means [0011] The available chemical disinfesting means can be subdivided into the following classes: 40 I. Repellents, II. Attractants, III. Chemosterilants, IV. Rodenticides. 45 I. Repellents [0012] From among many tested substances, actidione, trinitrobenzene-aniline, thiouram disulfide, hexachlorophene and various dithiocarbamates have proven to be particularly active. [0013] However, the repellents alone do not manage to solve the infestation problem, because the rodents repelled 50 from one determined area, escape to another one. II. Attractants [0014] The attractants are used to attract the animals to precise places, overcoming the natural and innate suspicious- 55 ness of the murine species. Generally, there are two groups of most commonly used substances: pheromones, natural specific smells, and compounds not connected to natural hormonal smells. The not pheromonal substances used include: vegetable oils of various kinds, sugar, molasses, glycerol, salt, sodium glutamate, etc. Besides the pheromones, other volatile substances have proven to have good attractant efficacy and among them there is carbon disulphide, which is 2 EP 2 090 164 B1 effective in increasing the bait consumption. III. Chemosterilants 5 [0015] The chemosterilants have been finding application in more recent times. For example, the use of triethylene melamine is known, but it has a limit of not being able to sterilize males and females at the same time. The chemosterilants have also the limit of not being effective in only one administration. Although capable of eliminating up to 85% of the treated murine population and causing permanent sterility in surviving adult males, α-chlorohydrin is not active on the young prepubertal, on the females of Rattus norvegicus and on both genders and all ages of the Mus musculus. 10 [0016] In addition to these limitations, the chemosterilants cannot be used in case of massive infestation or where the presence of even a single Mus musculus cannot be tolerated. IV. Rodenticides 15 [0017] The wide class of chemical rodenticide products can be divided in two main categories: A) acute or single dose rodenticides and B) chronic (anticoagulants) or multiple-dose rodenticides. A) Acute rodenticides (Poisons) 20 [0018] Natural poisons (A’) and synthetic poisons (A") belong to the first category: the natural ones (A’) include scil- liroside and strychnine, while synthetic poisons (A") include crimidine, sodium fluoroacetate and fluoroacetamide, zinc phosphide, norbomide, thallium sulfate and ANTU. [0019] Although acute rodenticides A) are not effective as the chronic ones B), they can be validly used in emergency situations, when the rat population must be destroyed in the shortest time. However, they have many disadvantages, 25 among which stands out extreme dangerousness for man and non-target species and increase of the rodents’ suspi- ciousness. B) Chronic rodenticides (Anticogulants) 30 [0020] Therefore, the most effective and most used instruments for fighting against rats remain poisoned preparations containing chronic rodenticides B), which typically contain a single anticoagulant active ingredient. These preparations take advantage of a mode of action that does not occur before 2-3 days after the ingestion, independently from the quantity of the ingested food. [0021] The chronic rodenticides are anticoagulants that can be subdivided, according to the mode of action, into B1) 35 first generation anticoagulants (multiple dose) and B2) second generation anticoagulants (single dose). B1) First Generation Anticoagulants [0022] Warfarin, coumachlor , coumatetralyl, coumafuryl, pivaldione, diphacinone and chlorophacinone belong to the 40 first set. B2) Second Generation Anticoagulants [0023] Bromadiolon, diphenacoum, brodifacoum and the most recent difethialone and flocoumafen belong to the 45 second set. The Baits [0024] Previously described rodenticides are produced in form of baits to be assimilated by the infesting murine species. 50 [0025] The baits are produced by combining a rodenticide with a component (carrier) having a phagocytic baiting effect. [0026] The stronger the baiting effect and the tastiness of the baiting component, the higher the possibility of a suc- cessful result. In order to increase the bait attractiveness and palatability, particular flavors, fruit, animal proteins, veg- etable oils and sugar are used. Finally, other substances such as preservatives, coloring and bitter agents can be added. Different types of baits exist. 55 [0027] A combined bait with a rat-poisoning action comprising as active ingredient rodenticides with a concentration range of active ingredients of 0.001 to 0.01% is disclosed in the European patent application EP 1 279 334 A1. [0028] The UK patent application GB 2 184 020 A discloses a rodenticidal bait comprising a rodenticide and a synthetic pear flavor causing a strong attraction for rodents and optionally an edible carrier. 3 EP 2 090 164 B1 i) Cereals [0029] Cereals are used as baiting means, since they constitute the base of rodents’ diet in many environmental contexts. Those most advisable in the fight against rats are without teguments, in order to facilitate complete absorption 5 of the active ingredient. Use of caryopsides covered with teguments is in fact to be avoided, since the latter, covering the seed, prevent also its complete imbibition by the active ingredient, making the rodent eat the seed without assuming the active ingredient, after having discarded the teguments. [0030] Typically, whole or pulverized cereals are contained in packets of paper or plastic transpirable material, so as to facilitate product optimal preservation, simplicity of the bait substitution and a smaller risk of dispersal in the environ- 10
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