Tropical Natural History 10(1): 27-36, April 2010 ©2010 by Chulalongkorn University The Millipede Family Haplodesmidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) Recorded in Taiwan for the First Time, with the Description of a New Species SERGEI I. GOLOVATCH1*, ELENA V. MIKHALJOVA2, ZOLTÁN KORSÓS3 AND HSUEH-WEN CHANG4 1Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, RUSSIA 2Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Stoletiya 159, Vladivostok 690022, RUSSIA 3Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Baross u. 13, H-1088 Budapest, HUNGARY 4Deparment of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung 804 Taiwan, ROC * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 14 January 2010; Accepted: 1 February 2010 ABSTRACT.– The East Asian to Australasian millipede family Haplodesmidae is reported from Taiwan for the first time on the basis of Eutrichodesmus taiwanensis n. sp. This new species joins the newly established peculiaris-group which also includes the Japanese Eutrichodesmus peculiaris (Murakami, 1966), E. nodulosus (Verhoeff, 1939) and E. silvaticus (Haga, 1968), as well as E. pectinatidentis (Zhang, 1995), E. anisodentus (Zhang, 1995) and E. soesilae Makhan, 2010, this latter trio from continental China. The species group is characterized by complete volvation often showing an unusual overlap pattern which becomes typical from segment 3 or 4, the presence of only two transverse rows of metatergal tuberculations, the broad and dorsoventrally flattened epiproct (sometimes unusually spatuliform in the male), and the gonopods slender, fully to nearly fully devoid of a distofemoral process, but at least sometimes supplied with an accessory seminal chamber. All of these seven species are keyed. The genera Kylindogaster Verhoeff, 1939 and Thelodesmus Miyosi, 1951 are formally allocated in Haplodesmidae, this being confirmed in the former case and newly established in the latter one. The following new synonymies and combinations are proposed: Kylindogaster Verhoeff, 1939, Thelodesmus Miyosi, 1951, Eucondylodesmus Miyosi, 1956 and Nanocondylodesmus Zhang, 1995 = Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910, all syn. n.; E. nodulosus (Verhoeff, 1939), comb. n. ex Kylindogaster; E. armatus (Miyosi, 1951), comb. n. ex Thelodesmus; E. elegans (Miyosi, 1956), comb. n. ex Doratodesmus Cook in Cook and Collins, 1895; E. silvaticus (Haga, 1968), comb. n. ex Dimorphodesmus Murakami, 1966; E. pectinatidentis (Zhang, 1995) and E. anisodentus (Zhang, 1995), both comb. n. ex Nanocondylodesmus; Prosopodesmus similis (Haga, 1968), comb. n. ex Rhipidopeltis Miyosi, 1958. KEY WORDS: Haplodesmidae; taxonomy, Eutrichodesmus; new species; species group; Taiwan INTRODUCTION synonymization of Agathodesmus Silvestri, 1910 with Atopogonus Carl, 1926 (Mesibov, Both the East Asian to Australasian 2009) and the description of E. soesilae millipede family Haplodesmidae and its Makhan, 2010 from continental China largest constituent genus Eutrichodesmus (Makhan, 2010). Prompted by the discovery Silvestri, 1910 have been reviewed very of the first haplodesmid in Taiwan, another recently (Golovatch et al., 2009a, b). The new Eutrichodesmus, we take the only changes made since have been the opportunity not only to describe it, but also to 28 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 10(1), APRIL 2010 update and refine the classification of this ♀♀ (IBSS), same locality and date, together family through proposing a new family with holotype. allocation and a number of synonymies and combinations. The first species group in Non-types.– 3 ♀♀, 3 juveniles (with 18 Eutrichodesmus is also delimited here, with segments) (HNHM), Taiwan, Taichung all of its seven constituent species keyed. County, Mts Dashue-san, logging road No. 210, Cryptomeria plantation, 2000 m a.s.l., MATERIALS AND METHODS 14 October 2007, leg. Z. Korsós. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (NMNS), Taichung County, Heping The material serving as the basis for the Township, Sihuyuan Wind Gap, 2050 m, present contribution was preserved in 75% 21.VIII.2002, collector unknown. 1 ♂ alcohol and is currently shared between the (NSYSUB), Kaohsiung County, Liouguei, collections of the National Museum of Shanping Workstation, May 2004, leg. Mei- Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS), Jhu Hung. Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Name.– To emphasize the first haplodesmid (NSYSUB), Zoological Museum, State formally recorded in Taiwan. University of Moscow, Russia (ZMUM), Hungarian Natural History Museum, Diagnosis.– Differs from the closest Budapest, Hungary (HNHM), Natural congeners in the peculiaris-group mainly in History Museum of Denmark, University of the bifid gonopod endomere, coupled with Copenhagen, Denmark (ZMUC), Muséum the presence of a rudimentary distofemoral National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France process (see also Key below). (MNHN), and Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Description.– Length ca 5.0 (♂) to 6.0 mm Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia (♀), width ca 1.0 mm, body broadest on (IBSS), as indicated thereafter. Specimens segments 5-16 (♂) or 5-17 (♀). Holotype ca were studied and illustrated using standard 5.0 mm long and 1.0 mm wide. Coloration stereomicroscopic, photographic and drawing uniformly pallid to yellow (Fig. 1A). equipment. Adults with 19 (♂) or 20 segments (♀), conglobation complete, pattern of volvation SYSTEMATICS unusual for Haplodesmidae in overlap switching to typical starting already from Eutrichodesmus taiwanensis n. sp. segment 3 (Fig. 1B, C) (cf. Golovatch (Figures 1 and 2) 2003). Head slightly transverse (wider than Holotype.– ♂ (NMNS-6242-001), Taiwan, high), rather densely pilose, microgranular Taipei City, Wenshan Distr., Chih-Nan and microvillose just below antennae and on Temple, March 2002, leg. C.C. Chen et al. vertex; epicranial suture shallow and wide. Antennae rather short and clavate; Paratypes.– 19 ♂♂, 19 ♀♀ (NMNS-6242- antennomere 6 longer than 5th, both with an 002), 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (NSYSUB), 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ evident dorso-apical pit containing a tight (ZMUM), 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (HNHM), 2 ♂♂, 3 group of minute bacilliform sensilla; ♀♀ (ZMUC), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MNHN), 1 ♂, 2 antennomere 8 with the usual four sensory GOLOVATCH ET AL. — MILLIPEDE FAMILY HAPLODESMIDAE IN TAIWAN 29 FIGURE 1. Habitus of Eutrichodesmus taiwanensis n. sp., paratypes ♀ (A, B) and ♂ (C), dorsal, lateral and lateral views, respectively. Photographed not to scale. cones apically. Collum subtrapeziform, covered with a cerotegumental crust held by rather large, slightly broader than head, abundant microvilli. Metatergum 2 with flattened mid-dorsally, not covering the three, subsequent metaterga with two head from above; entire surface transverse and mixostictic (i.e. irregular in microvillose, with four transverse rows of axial direction) rows of subequal, low, round bosses/tubercles (Fig. 1). Prozona rounded bosses, each boss obviously very finely alveolate, collum and metaterga supporting an abraded seta traced only as an 30 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 10(1), APRIL 2010 insertion point (Fig. 1A-C). Metaterga 2-4 longer than coxite, rather slender evidently flattened mid-dorsally (Fig. 1). throughout, setose in its basal one-third, Paramedian mid-dorsal bosses in fore row with a small, subtriangular, low, lateral lobe or even in both rows on metatergum 5 often obviously corresponding to a distofemoral slightly higher than those on following process (dp) at about midway of seminal metaterga. Paraterga strongly declivous, groove. No traces of a transverse sulcus near rather broad, rounded and very faintly point of seminal groove’s recurvature bilobate laterally, evidently surpassing level laterad. Seminal groove debouching in an of venter, caudolaterally at base with one evident accessory seminal chamber showing distinct lobulation (Fig. 1B, C); paraterga 2 a pilose pad area and terminating near base strongly enlarged, with a series of four both of a small, short, lobe-shaped exomere bosses near anterolateral edge, schism and (ex) and a longer, slightly twisted, bifid hyposchism both very small; paraterga 3 endomere (en), latter clearly separated by a and 4 slightly shorter than others (Fig. 1B, medial constriction and carrying a short, C), overlap of following paraterga typical. distally tuberculate, flagelliform outgrowth Paraterga 17 and 18 either directed at base on lateral face. ventrocaudad (♂) or, like 19th, small and as usual strongly declined (♀) (Fig. 1B, C). Remarks.– This pallid species seems to Pore formula normal (5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15- inhabit the entire island and occurs at 19), ozopores evident, located near base of various elevations (up to the midmontane caudolateral lobulation. Pleurosternal ridges subtropical forest belt above 2000 m). We absent. Epiproct strongly broadened, either face a typical “doratodesmid” (capable of especially clearly flattened, subrectangular volvation, see Golovatch et al. 2009a) in lateral view, bare and roundly spatuliform showing especially close affinities with in dorsal view, and carrying a minute three congeners: Eutrichodesmus peculiaris middle knob as base (♂), or with three rows (Murakami, 1966), from Oshima, Niihama of bosses dorsally, dome-shaped, regularly Prefecture, Shikoku Island, Japan (Muraka- sloping in lateral view and subtriangular in mi, 1966); E. nodulosus (Verhoeff, 1939), caudal view (Fig. 1B, C), i.e. just as from a cave in the Ryukyu