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The Millipede Families Cryptodesmidae, Haplodesmidae, Pyrgodesmidae, Opisotretidae and Xystodesmidae in Taiwan (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

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The Millipede Families Cryptodesmidae, Haplodesmidae, Pyrgodesmidae, Opisotretidae and Xystodesmidae in Taiwan (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) Tropical Natural History 11(2): 119-134, October 2011 ©2011 by Chulalongkorn University The Millipede Families Cryptodesmidae, Haplodesmidae, Pyrgodesmidae, Opisotretidae and Xystodesmidae in Taiwan (Diplopoda, Polydesmida) SERGEI I. GOLOVATCH1*, ELENA V. MIKHALJOVA2 AND HSUEH-WEN CHANG3 1Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, RUSSIA 2Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022, RUSSIA 3Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 804 R.O.C. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received: 10 June 2011; Accepted: 20 July 2011 ABSTRACT.– Faunistic records are provided, summarized and mapped for several smaller families of the millipede order Polydesmida in Taiwan. Both Pyrgodesmidae and Opisotretidae are new to the Taiwanese list. The former family is represented there by the nearly pantropical Cryptocorypha ornata (Attems, 1938) which is new to the island’s fauna, as well as by two new species of Ampelodesmus Miyosi, 1956: A. taiwanensis n. sp. and A. similis n. sp.; both latter taxa are incorporated in a key to all five species of the genus. Cryptodesmidae are actually represented in Taiwan by a single, widespread, briefly redescribed and richly illustrated species, Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931 (= Onomatoplanus simplexus Wang, 1957, n. syn.), while both Opisotretidae and Xystodesmidae by a closer unidentified species of ?Corypholophus Attems, 1937 and Riukiaria Attems, 1938, respectively. In addition to Eutrichodesmus taiwanensis Golovatch, Mikhaljova, Korsós and Chang, 2010, the family Haplodesmidae contains in Taiwan the almost pantropical Prosopodesmus jacobsoni Silvestri, 1910, thus confirming an earlier record. KEY WORDS: Polydesmida, faunistics, taxonomy, new species, new synonymy, distribution, Taiwan INTRODUCTION Taiwan. Moreover, cryptodesmids are found to be represented on the island by only a Species of the order Polydesmida have single species, pyrgodesmids by two new and long been known to dominate millipede a pantropical species, and Haplodesmidae by diversity globally (e.g. Hoffman, 1980). The a native and a pantropical one. same holds true of the fauna of Taiwan, The following repositories are involved: where over half of the species list is taken up National Museum of Natural Science, by polydesmidans (Korsós, 2004). Taichung, Taiwan (NMNS), Department of The present contribution is devoted to Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen faunistic records of several smaller families University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (NSYSUB), of Polydesmida, based on material housed in Taiwan Forest Research Institute, Taipei, three larger research institutions of Taiwan. Taiwan (TFRI), Zoological Museum, State Among these families, the Haplodesmidae University of Moscow, Russia (ZMUM), and has been the sole one treated since Korsós’ Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far (2004) catalogue (Golovatch et al., 2010), Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of whereas both Pyrgodesmidae and Opiso- Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia (IBSS), as tretidae appear to be new to the fauna of indicated below. 120 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 11(2), OCTOBER 2011 SYSTEMATICS leg. C.C. Huang. 1 ♂ (NSYSUB), same county, Laiyi Township, Laiyi, 01.12.2001, Family Cryptodesmidae leg. C.C. Chen. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IBSS), Chiayi County, Alishan Township, Nansi Forest Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931 Road, 2000 m, 29.10.2010, leg. H.W. (Figures 1-3) Chang. 1 ♂ (NMNS-6645-002), Taitung County, Taimali Township, Ima Forest Onomatoplanus simplexus Wang, 1957, Road, 06.12.2004, leg. S.Y. Wu. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 syn. n. fragm. (ZMUM), 1 ♀ (TRFI), same county, Chenggong Township, Jilin Forest Road, Material.– 1 ♂ (NMNS-6645-001), 380 m, 23° 07’ 49” N, 121° 20’ 55” E, Taiwan, Kaohsiung County, Taoyuan 06.05.2009, leg. M.H. Hsu. 1 ♂, 1 juv. (19 Provincial Road # 20, Chinching Bridge, segm.) (TRFI), same county, Yanping under stone, 03.09.2002, leg. Y.H. Chen. 1 Township, Yanping Forest Road, ca 1070 ♂ (NSYSUB), same county, Liugui m, 22° 52’ 58” N, 120° 56’ 27” E, Township, 04.12.2000, leg. C.C. Huang. 1 03.01.2008, leg. M.H. Hsu. 1 ♀ (NMNS- ♂ (NMNS-6645-010), 1 ♀ (NSYSUB), 6645-005), same county, Guanshan same county and township, Shanping Work- Township, County Highway # 197, ca 260 station, 05.2004, leg. M.J. Hung. 1 ♀ m, 23° 02’ 00” N, 121° 11’ 07” E, (NMNS-6645-009), same locality, Shan- 16.04.2009, leg. M.H. Hsu. 1 ♂ (NSYSUB), ping, in rotten wood, 01.10.2006, leg. M.H. same county and township, Yuemei, 23° 00’ Hsu. 1 ♀, 1 juv. (19 segm.) (NMNS-6645- 09” N, 121° 07’ 29” E, 16.04.2009, leg. 006), Kaohsiung City, Gushan Distr., M.H. Hsu. 1 ♂ (NSYSUB), same county northern Mt Shou-shan, 19.05.2005, leg. and township, Jiaping, 400 m, 23° 00’ 09” S.H. Wu. 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (NMNS-6645-007), N, 121° 07’ 25” E, 16.04.2009, leg. M.H. same locality, Mt Shou-shan, 30.09.1999, Hsu. 1 ♀ (NSYSUB), Taichung County, leg. ? 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (TRFI), same locality, Heping Township, Lileng, ca 630 m, 24° 09.07.2003, leg. I.H. Lin. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ 09’ 43” N, 120° 57’ 24” E, 10.02.2007, leg. (NSYSUB), Pingtung County, Manzhou M.H. Hsu. 1 juv. (19 segm.) (NMNS-6645- Township, Lanjen Stream, 23.03.2002, leg. 004), Hua-lien County, Fengbin Township, C.C. Chen. 1 juv. (19 segm.) (NSYSUB), Baliwan Forest Road, 23° 35’ 15” N, 121° same county and township, Nanren Road, 30’ 15” E, ca 250 m, 06.05.2009, leg. M.H. near police station, under rock, 19.11.2003, Hsu. 1 ♀ (NMNS-6645-015), Yilan County, leg. C.C. Chen. 1 ♂ (NMNS-6645-003), Nanao Township, 08.08.2003, leg. S.H. Wu. same county and township, Na-Jen-Shan 2 ♂ (NMNS-6645-011), Nantou County, Nature Reserve Area, 06.10.2005, leg. S.H. Huisun timber land, 25.10.1997, leg. S.H. Wu. 1 ♀, 5 juv. (IBSS), same county, Wu. 1 ♂ (NMNS-6645-012), same locality, Kenting National Park, 05.10.2009, leg. 10.1998, leg. S.H. Wu. 1 ♂ (NMNS-6645- E.V. Mikhaljova, S. Golovatch etc. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ 013), same county, Lugu Township, (NSYSUB), same locality, Nanjenshan, 27.02.2000, leg. S.H. Wu. 1 ♂ (NMNS- 23.03.2002, leg. C.C. Chen. 1 juv. (NSY 6645-014), Taipei County, Xindian City, SUB), same county, Chunri Township, 22° Ssu-Kan-Shui, 30.05.2000, leg. S.H. Wu. 26’ 04’’ N, 120° 41’ 02’’ E, 19.08.1999, GOLOVATCH ET AL. — CRYPTODESMIDAE ETC. IN TAIWAN 121 FIGURE 1. Habitus of Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931, ♀ from Shanping (A, B) and ♂ from near Chinching Bridge (C, D), dorsal, lateral, ventral and ventral views, respectively. Photographed not to scale. Photos by K. Makarov. Brief Redescription.– Length of adults of Body with 20 segments. In width, head < both sexes 11-17 mm, width 1.9-4.0 mm. collum < segment 2 ≤ 3-15(16), thereafter Coloration of metaterga and vertigial region body gradually tapering toward telson. of head in alcohol from nearly pallid to dark Stretched antennae reaching end of segment grey-brown (Fig. 1), remaining parts usually 3 laterally. Collum flabellate, covering head light, pallid to brown. Juveniles uniformly from above; dorsal surface convex, densely pallid to light yellow. Antennae sometimes setose and microtuberculate; front and reddish. lateral margins lobulate. Following 122 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 11(2), OCTOBER 2011 FIGURE 2. Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931, ♂ from near Chinching Bridge. (A-C) gonopods, subventral, lateral and mesal views; (D) leg 9, respectively. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. metaterga slightly to strongly convex, conical, microtuberculate dorsally and likewise densely setose and microtuber- lobulate at lateral and caudal margins. culate; paraterga very broad, 1/2-2/3 breadth Hypoproct subtrapeziform, with 1+1 distinct of prozona, flat to evidently declivous, up to setigerous knobs at caudal corners (Fig. almost reaching level of venter; lateral 1D). Limbus regularly and densely micro- margin of paraterga lobulate, caudal margin spiculate (Fig. 1C, D). evidently lobate (Fig. 1). Ozopore formula Sterna densely setose, rather broad (Fig. normal; pores inconspicuous, lying antero- 1C, D). Legs 1.1-1.2 (♀) or 1.4-1.5 (♂) dorsally at base of paraterga. Epiproct times as long as midbody height, not 123 GOLOVATCH ET AL. — CRYPTODESMIDAE ETC. IN TAIWAN FIGURE 3. Niponia nodulosa Verhoeff, 1931, ♂ from Jilin. (A-C) gonopods, ventromesal, submesal and sublateral views; (D) leg 9, respectively. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. modified, rather slender, claws short and acropodite; latter distinctly excavate, simple (Figs 1, 2D, 3D). forming a mesal cavity surrounded by Gonopods (Figs 2A-C, 3A-C) complex, fringed or microspiculate lamellae and only slightly varying in minor structural carrying both an evident tooth (t) at bottom details. Coxite smaller than telopodite, with and a few especially strong setae laterally at two strong setae ventrolaterally; cannula about midway. Seminal groove entirely very long and slender. Prefemoral (= mesal, terminating in a small accessory densely setose) part less than half as long as seminal chamber at base of t. 124 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY. 11(2), OCTOBER 2011 Remarks.– This species was originally analyses, bar-coding in particular, might described and subsequently nicely provide more useful information to confirm illustrated from material found at an or refute the synonymy. unknown locality in Japan (=Nipon) The distribution of N. nodulosa in (Verhoeff, 1931, 1936), and has since been Taiwan (Fig. 10) shows that it ranges from repeatedly recorded from nearly all over the lowlands to quite high in the mountains Ryukyus (see review in Nakamura and (250 to above 2000 m a.s.l.), thus Korsós, 2010), as well as in Kyushu and representing one of the commonest southern Honshu (Nishikawa and Mura- diplopods on the island. kami, 1994), once also in Taiwan (“Tzu- Nan Palace, Taipei”) (Wang, 1955). Family Haplodesmidae Wang (1957b) was the first to describe a second congener (referred to as Onoma- Eutrichodesmus taiwanensis Golovatch, toplanus simplexus) from Urai, Taipei, Mikhaljova, Korsós and Chang, 2010 Taiwan, which he (1958) again recorded a little later from a few more topotypes.
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