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Name: Date: Period: SR#: Evolution of Writing Pictographs to Cuneiform

. - Directions We alphabet chart to translate a message from English to Cuneiform.

English: "Welcome to Mesopotamia" A Cuneiform "Alphabet" Citneifornc . A B IL 0 C IT P "Cuneiform" D Q 0-4 E # R Cuneiform. F 4," S V G H E I r V y X 11, Y if L M f

Writine with Pirtographs Use the chart below to write a message in Ancient Pictographs about Mesopotamia. Then find 3 different people who can translate it vAthriut the chart. You must use at least 8 pictographs in your message. Write 'RAF message on a separate piece of paper and staple it to this paper. • ' - - , MO "7" AIN ...... . ,.. • FISH 11=1111111.111 ' 4 ,....".1% 11,- <7,-s•' . - DANKLY ' \ .1.4— - ,•-7: Pi LOUCA1 .> ,-1`,- St'' 'P. ,e1 - , . ...,.. ..., , ....,,, .7 ,•• "..-14. - • (A s. *-1" ywt MFRA T. ....

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Vllliat were the first writing tablets used for?

Sumerians were the first people to keep written records using True False

L14`f 7-t`' ReadWorks' The Ancient City of Petra: The Takes Charge

The Ancient City of Petra: The Roman Empire Takes Charge This text is provided courtesy of OLogy, the American Museum of Natural History's website for kids.

As Petra flourished, the powerful Roman Empire was expanding into the Middle East. The Romans were eager to expand the This Roman vase with panther-shaped handles was This is a marble portrait of Aelius Caesar, the father polished and hand-carved from imported marble, a boundaries of Roman Emperor Lucius Verus. stone prized by the Romans. of their empire, and in A.D. 106 they took control of the Nabataean capital. It appears the Roman takeover was peaceful, and life in Petra went on without much change. But the empire left an unforgettable mark on the ancient city.

The distinct Roman style can be seen all over Petra, in the monuments, sculptures, public spaces, and even in the city's design. The Romans built new roads, like the impressive Colonnaded Street that ran through the center of Petra. Lined with massive columns, this long, straight street was unlike anything else in the city.

Rome ruled Petra for the next 300 years, tying the fate of the ancient city to the empire. Eventually, Rome moved the center of trade north. The empire also turned to shipping by sea for much of its trade. Petra's importance in the ancient world began to fade.

The Roman Empire expanded eastward and took over Petra in A.D. 106.

ReadWorks.org • © 2017 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM Ej ATURAI HISTORY T,) rsf Al,t1 1-liotnno All rinhte• rmonnotrwl I 1-ste Onrrniccinn (A) .3/11 r. A rn.rin,n AA, ,,. ReadWorks' The Ancient City of Petra: The Roman Empire Takes Charge - Comprehension Questions

Name: Date:

1. Who took control of the Nabataean capital Petra in A.D. 106?

2. Read this sentence from the text.

"...the [Roman] empire left an unforgettable mark on the ancient city [Petra]."

Support this conclusion with at least two pieces of evidence from the text.

3. What is the main idea of this text?

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Cune form Alphabet"

B P Q. 004 R Opt's- S G T U V Eff 00 ► K X PI( Y VI TRANSLATE EACH PHRASE OR SENTENCE FROM ENGLISH TO CUNEIFORM USING THE CHART ON THE FRONT OF THIS SHEET.

1. Welcome to Mesopotamia

2. Cuneiform

Make up a sentence of your own using cuneiform; translate the sentence in to English. 2 7 b''f 67-Ap4. Readifforks' Ancient City of Petra: Timeline

Ancient City of Petra: Timeline This text is provided courtesy of OLogy, the American Museum of Natural History's website for kids.

B.C. 200-50 The nomadic settle in Petra.

B.C. 100 Nabataeans gain control of trade in the region.

B.C. 50- At its height, the city of Petra is the capital of the . Petra has A.D. 50 about 20,000 people.

A.D. 106 Rome takes over Petra. It becomes a Roman Province with a Roman governor.

The first Christian emperor, Constantine I, shifted his capital eastward from Rome A.D. 330 to Byzantium.

A.D. 350 spreads and large churches are built in Petra.

A.D. 363 Earthquake destroys a large portion of Petra.

Late A.D. Roman rule over Petra collapses. 300s

Early A.D. Muslim arrive, and Petra comes under Islamic rule. 600s

A.D. 1812 Western explorers "rediscover" Petra.

A.D. 1993 Petra becomes a national park, a protected archaeological site.

) AMERICAN 1•.4115EUM %.,NATuuki ReadWorks.org • © 2017 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. T A mctrinnn Kola orn 1—lic4nn, A n .4-.1-N.c. ..c.c.norAel I Icetel Into DeIrrniccino, ReadWorks Ancient City of Petra: Timeline - Comprehension Questions

Name: Date:

1. At its height, between B.C. 50 and A.D. 50, what was the city of Petra the capital of?

2. Identify two groups or empires that ruled Petra at any point in time.

Support your answer with evidence from the text.

3. What does this timeline describe?

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