New Bedford, the American Civil War, and a Changing Industry

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

New Bedford, the American Civil War, and a Changing Industry Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence History & Classics Dissertations and Masters Theses History & Classics 5-1-2020 “A Compact With the Whales”: New Bedford, the American Civil War, and a Changing Industry Mark Ryan Mello Providence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_dissertations_theses Part of the United States History Commons Mello, Mark Ryan, "“A Compact With the Whales”: New Bedford, the American Civil War, and a Changing Industry" (2020). History & Classics Dissertations and Masters Theses. 5. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/history_dissertations_theses/5 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History & Classics at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in History & Classics Dissertations and Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “A Compact With the Whales” New Bedford, the American Civil War, and a Changing Industry by Mark Ryan Mello Masters of Arts Thesis Department of History Providence College Fall 2018 – Spring 2020 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: CHANGING TIMES……………………………………… 1 CHAPTER 1. “THE BURGEONING OF THE VILLAGE:” NEW BEDFORD AS THE PREDOMINANT WHALING PORT………………………………………….. 9 CHAPTER 2. “THE HARBOT IS BETTERED:” THE STONE FLEET AND THE BLOCKADE OF CHARLESTON HARBOR…………………………………. 22 CHAPTER 3. “I AM AFRAID I MUST BURN YOUR SHIP:” PRIVATEERS AND CONFEDERATE COMMERCE RAIDERS………………………………….. 36 CHAPTER 4. “A FORTUITOUS STEP:” INSURANCE PAYMENTS AND RECOVERING LOSS…………………………………………………………………………… 58 CHAPTER 5. “WHAT IS THE AMOUNT DUE:” THE ALABAMA CLAIMS… 72 CONCLUSION. “THE WHALING BUSINESS…DOOMED TO DESTRUCTION……………………………………………………………….. 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………. 89 iii INTRODUCTION: CHANGING TIMES On the late afternoon of June 28, 1865, Captain Thomas G. Young, master of the whaleship Favorite, defiantly stood atop the roof of his cabin, brandishing revolvers and bomb guns. His courage, perhaps inspired by liquor, was stout in the face of the nearing Confederate ship. He determined his ship would not be like the other thirty-one New Bedford whaleships that fell to Confederate pirates since 1862. Fearful for their captain’s life, his crew pleaded with him to stand down. Any fight he made would be fruitless and would probably end up killing him. But Young was a desperate man and refused to surrender. He made his desperation known when he proclaimed to his crew “I have only four or five years to live anyway, and I might as well die now as any time, especially as all I have is invested in my vessel, and if I lose that I will go home penniless and die a pauper.” His crew was not sympathetic with his desire to die heroically. Before abandoning their captain and surrendering to the Confederate sailors, the crew members removed the percussion caps from Young’s weapons, rendering the pieces useless. As a boarding party from the CSS Shenandoah, the feared Confederate commerce raider which did more damage to New Bedford’s whaling industry than any other, prepared to board the Favorite, Captain Young, holding his guns in a menacing manner, told the Confederates to “Stand off!” When the unfazed Confederate naval officer advised Young to surrender or the cannons of the Shenandoah would blow his ship away, Young replied “Blow away my buck, but may I be eternally blasted if I haul down that [American] flag for any cursed Confederate pirate that ever floated.” With that, Young pulled the trigger on his bomb gun, intending to blast the Confederate officer to kingdom come, but all he heard was a “Click.” With no percussion caps 1 on any of his guns, he was defenseless. Even the defiant Young had no choice. He surrendered to the Confederates.1 Young’s stand gained an almost mythic status in New Bedford. Headlines proclaimed him as “The Man who Defied Waddell the Pirate.” He stood as the one example of bravado in the face of an unforgiving enemy. For decades of New Bedford residents and historians alike, his stand was an example of the desperation felt by those in the industry who realized this was the beginning of the end of whaling. To them, whaling was dying and there was nothing that could be done about it. Historian Leonard Ellis believed Young’s example was something to be admired. He stated “He exhibited a brave and determined spirit, worthy of a Yankee captain.” And yet to Ellis, Young’s stand also symbolized an end for many in New Bedford. Following his account of Young, Ellis concluded “Enough has been given to show how much the whaling industry had been crippled.”2 These conclusions are flawed at best. Young has become a straw-man. His grand tale of desperation was fueled by liquid courage rather than moral fortitude. Several accounts, most notably Lieutenant Cornelius Hunt of the Shenandoah indicated he was “three sheets to the wind” when captured. This drunken, ill-advised stand symbolized for many historians how the war financially destroyed those involved in the whaling industry.3 1 Whalemen’s Shipping List, New Bedford, MA, 9/26/1865. 2 Whalemen’s Shipping List, 9/12/1865, 9/19/1865, 9/26/1865, 10/3/1865; Leonard Ellis, History of New Bedford and Its Vicinity, 1620 -1892 (Syracuse: D. Mason and Company, 1892), 424-425; Eric Jay Dolan, Leviathan: The History of Whaling in America (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 2007), 329 -331; Thomas Chaffin, Sea of Grey: The Around-the-World Odyssey of the Confederate Raider Shenandoah, (New York: Hill & Wang, 2006), 275-277. 3 Cornelius E. Hunt, The Shenandoah, or the Last Confederate Cruiser, (New York: G. W. Carleton & Co., 1867), 200. 2 The story of the crew members who attempted to convince their captain to stand down is more illustrative of how most in New Bedford reacted. Contrary to popular belief these men were not resigned to defeat, but they engineered a different kind of victory than Young imagined. Yes, they survived capture, but they experienced more success than that. This victory came in the months and years that followed the war with the payment of insurance claims and an international tribunal known as the Alabama Claims. Even Young, prepared to die rather than be captured, recouped all his losses from insurance payments made almost a year later. He did not “die a pauper” as he prophesized, but rather lived out the remainder of his life comfortably in New Bedford.4 Most New Bedford whalers enjoyed similar success. With insurance and international claims recouping all loses, significant capital flowed into New Bedford following the Civil War. The destructiveness of Confederate commerce raiders had another added benefit for the whaling industry over the course of the war. The whaling fleet shrunk by nearly forty percent. Between old whaleships sold as part of the Stone Fleet, vessels destroyed by Confederate commerce raiders, and other vessels that never left the port during the war years, fewer vessels went to sea. With fewer vessels whaling, New Bedford produced less oil. Following a time in the 1850s where the industry grew larger than its markets, the American Civil War provided a welcome reprieve from declining prices. Prices rose dramatically during the war years because of a decrease in supply of product. Sperm oil prices rose from $1.36 per gallon in 1859 to $2.55 per gallon in 1866. There was a similar increase in whale oil prices from $0.48 per gallon in 1859 to 4 Insurance records, housed in the Swift and Allen Collection, New Bedford Whaling Museum, indicate Young not only recouped his initial investment but he also was paid for about 78% of the product onboard at the time of capture. 3 $1.45 per gallon by 1865.5 For those who sent whaleships to sea during the war years, potential for profit increased significantly. Increased profits led many to reinvest in whaling. Recovering from the Panic of 1857 and the overproduction of the late 1850s, many like William Gifford renewed investments in the industry, and by the late 1860s, whaling rebounded. But by the 1870s, with increased competition resulting from the refinement of crude oil, markets were once again unfavorable. Arctic disasters compounded these negative factors, and the slow decline of whaling renewed.6 However, for some like Matthew Howland, availability of capital during the American Civil War offered another opportunity. Steam-powered industrial mills gained popularity by the mid-nineteenth century. No longer tied to water-power, places like New Bedford, which had limited energy-producing water sources, could build their own mills. Having ready access to coal via shipping routes, the number of steam-powered mills in New Bedford increased exponentially during the latter half of the nineteenth century. By the dawn of the twentieth century, New Bedford was one of the leaders in steam-powered mills in the nation.7 Historians have paid little attention to the events that surrounded New Bedford during the Civil War. Often relegated to footnotes, passing statements, or perhaps, at best, a chapter, the war’s effect on the burgeoning capital of whaling is largely overlooked. The one full length work 5 Collected from editions of the Whalemen’s Shipping List, 1859-1866. Prices have been normalized to 1860 dollars. All subsequent references to money have been normalized to 1860 dollars. 6 Swift and Allen Collection, New Bedford Whaling Museum. 7 Financial Records of Matthew Howland, Harvard School of Business; William Heath Kingston, “Whalers to Weavers: New Bedford’s Urban Transformation and Contested Identities,” in Society for Industrial Archeology, 40, no. 1/2 (Houghton, MI: Michigan Technological University, 2014), 13 – 15; Patrick M. Malone, “Steam Mills in a Seaport: Power for the New Bedford Textile Industry,” in Society for Industrial Archeology, 40, no. 1/2 (Houghton, MI: Michigan Technological University, 2014), 108-136.
Recommended publications
  • Economist Was a Workhorse for the Confederacy and Her Owners, the Trenholm Firms, John Fraser & Co
    CONFEDERATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION OF BELGIUM Nassau, Bahamas (Illustrated London News Feb. 10, 1864) By Ethel Nepveux During the war, the Economist was a workhorse for the Confederacy and her owners, the Trenholm firms, John Fraser & Co. of Charleston, South Carolina, and Fraser, Trenholm & Co. of Liverpool, England, and British Nassau and Bermuda. The story of the ship comes from bits and pieces of scattered information. She first appears in Savannah, Georgia, where the Confederate network (conspiracy) used her in their efforts to obtain war materials of every kind from England. President Davis sent Captain James Bulloch to England to buy an entire navy. Davis also sent Caleb Huse to purchase armaments and send them back home. Both checked in to the Fraser, Trenholm office in Liverpool which gave them office space and the Trenholm manager Charles Prioleau furnished credit for their contracts and purchases. Neither the men nor their government had money or credit. George Trenholm (last Secretary of the Treasury of the Confederacy) bought and Prioleau loaded a ship, the Bermuda, to test the Federal blockade that had been set up to keep the South from getting supplies from abroad. They sent the ship to Savannah, Georgia, in September 1861. The trip was so successful that the Confederates bought a ship, the Fingal. Huse bought the cargo and Captain Bulloch took her himself to Savannah where he had been born and was familiar with the harbor. The ship carried the largest store of armaments that had ever crossed the ocean. Bulloch left all his monetary affairs in the hands of Fraser, Trenholm & Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Officers and Crew Jack L
    Marshall University Marshall Digital Scholar C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History Library Special Collections Fall 10-10-2017 Part 2: Officers and Crew Jack L. Dickinson Marshall University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://mds.marshall.edu/css_al Part of the Military History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dickinson, Jack L., "Part 2: Officers and Crew" (2017). C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History. 2. http://mds.marshall.edu/css_al/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Library Special Collections at Marshall Digital Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in C.S.S. Alabama: An Illustrated History by an authorized administrator of Marshall Digital Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. CSS Alabama : An Illustrated History In Six Parts: You are here Part 1: Building of Ship 290 ---> Part 2: Officers and Crew Part 3: Cruise of the Alabama Part 4: Battle with USS Kearsarge Part 5: Wreck Exploration & Excavation Part 6: Miscellaneous and Bibliography (the Alabama Claims, poems, music, sword of Raphael Semmes) To read any of the other parts, return to the menu and select that part to be downloaded. Designed and Assembled by Jack L. Dickinson Marshall University Special Collections 2017 1 CSS Alabama: An Illustrated History Officers and CREW OF THE CSS ALABAMA During the Civil War naval officers were divided into four categories for purposes of berthing and messing aboard ship: cabin, wardroom, steerage, and forward officers. The captain had a private state room, and higher ranking officers had small cabins, while lower ranks only had individual lockers.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Catalog
    Abraham Lincoln Book Shop, Inc. Catalog 183 Holiday/Winter 2020 HANDSOME BOOKS IN LEATHER GOOD HISTORY -- IDEAL AS HOLIDAY GIFTS FOR YOURSELF OR OTHERS A. Badeau, Adam. MILITARY HISTORY OF ULYSSES S. GRANT, FROM APRIL 1861 TO APRIL 1865. New York: 1881. 2nd ed.; 3 vol., illus., all maps. Later full leather; gilt titled and decorated spines; marbled endsheets. The military secretary of the Union commander tells the story of his chief; a detailed, sympathetic account. Excellent; handsome. $875.00 B. Beveridge, Albert J. ABRAHAM LINCOLN 1809-1858. Boston: 1928. 4 vols. 1st trade edition in the Publisher’s Presentation Binding of ½-tan leather w/ sp. labels; deckled edges. This work is the classic history of Lincoln’s Illinois years -- and still, perhaps, the finest. Excellent; lt. rub. only. Set of Illinois Governor Otto Kerner with his library “name” stamp in each volume. $750.00 C. Draper, William L., editor. GREAT AMERICAN LAWYERS: THE LIVES AND INFLUENCE OF JUDGES AND LAWYERS WHO HAVE ACQUIRED PERMANENT NATIONAL REPUTATION AND HAVE DEVELOPED THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES. Phila.: John Winston Co.,1907. #497/500 sets. 8 volumes; ¾-morocco; marbled boards/endsheets; raised bands; leather spine labels; gilt top edges; frontis.; illus. Marshall, Jay, Hamilton, Taney, Kent, Lincoln, Evarts, Patrick Henry, and a host of others have individual chapters written about them by prominent legal minds of the day. A handsome set that any lawyer would enjoy having on his/her shelf. Excellent. $325.00 D. Freeman, Douglas Southall. R. E. LEE: A BIOGRAPHY. New York, 1936. “Pulitzer Prize Edition” 4 vols., fts., illus., maps.
    [Show full text]
  • ___... -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
    __ __ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____ _ __ / / / / /_ _/ / ___/ /_ _/ / __ ) / _ \ | | / / / /__/ / / / ( ( / / / / / / / /_) / | |/ / / ___ / / / \ \ / / / / / / / _ _/ | _/ / / / / __/ / ____) ) / / / /_/ / / / \ \ / / /_/ /_/ /____/ /_____/ /_/ (_____/ /_/ /_/ /_/ _____ _____ _____ __ __ _____ / __ ) / ___/ /_ _/ / / / / / ___/ / / / / / /__ / / / /__/ / / /__ / / / / / ___/ / / / ___ / / ___/ / /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /___ (_____/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_____/ _____ __ __ _____ __ __ ____ _____ / ___/ / / / / /_ _/ / / / / / _ \ / ___/ / /__ / / / / / / / / / / / /_) / / /__ / ___/ / / / / / / / / / / / _ _/ / ___/ / / / /_/ / / / / /_/ / / / \ \ / /___ /_/ (_____/ /_/ (_____/ /_/ /_/ /_____/ A TIMELINE OF THE MULTIVERSE Version 1.21 By K. Bradley Washburn "The Historian" ______________ | __ | | \| /\ / | | |/_/ / | | |\ \/\ / | | |_\/ \/ | |______________| K. Bradley Washburn HISTORY OF THE FUTURE Page 2 of 2 FOREWARD Relevant Notes WARNING: THIS FILE IS HAZARDOUS TO YOUR PRINTER'S INK SUPPLY!!! [*Story(Time Before:Time Transpired:Time After)] KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS AS--The Amazing Stories AST--Animated Star Trek B5--Babylon 5 BT--The Best of Trek DS9--Deep Space Nine EL--Enterprise Logs ENT--Enterprise LD--The Lives of Dax NE--New Earth NF--New Frontier RPG--Role-Playing Games S.C.E.--Starfleet Corps of Engineers SA--Starfleet Academy SNW--Strange New Worlds sQ--seaQuest ST--Star Trek TNG--The Next Generation TNV--The New Voyages V--Voyager WLB—Gateways: What Lay Beyond Blue italics - Completely canonical. Animated and live-action movies, episodes, and their novelizations. Green italics - Officially canonical. Novels, comics, and graphic novels. Red italics – Marginally canonical. Role-playing material, source books, internet sources. For more notes, see the AFTERWORD K. Bradley Washburn HISTORY OF THE FUTURE Page 3 of 3 TIMELINE circa 13.5 billion years ago * The Big Bang.
    [Show full text]
  • Review by Howard J. Fuller University of Wolverhampton Department of War Studies
    A Global Forum for Naval Historical Scholarship International Journal of Naval History August 2009 Volume 8 Number 2 Ari Hoogenboom, Gustavus Vasa Fox of the Union Navy: A Biography. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. 408 pp. 9 halftones, 10 line drawings. Review by Howard J. Fuller University of Wolverhampton Department of War Studies ________________________________________________________________________ Over a thousand pages long, the 1896 Naval History of the United States, by Willis J. Abbot, typically does not even mention Fox. “The story of the naval operations of the civil war is a record of wonderful energy and inventive skill in improving and building war vessels,” the story goes, and by the end of the conflict “the navy of the United States consisted of six hundred and seventy-one vessels. No nation of the world had such a naval power. The stern lessons of the great war had taught shipbuilders that wooden ships were a thing of the past. The little ‘Monitor’ had by one afternoon’s battle proved to all the sovereigns of Europe that their massive ships were useless,” (685-7). Of course the perception here is deterministic; it was a matter of American ‘destiny’ that the North would triumph, or even that the Union Navy would become a leading ironclad power—whatever that meant. Heroic naval admirals like Farragut, Porter and Du Pont seemed to operate under orders issued from behind a mysterious curtain back in Washington, D.C. We don’t see those hidden, historic actors who actually designed and launched the fine naval force Union officers wielded throughout the Civil War (often with mixed results).
    [Show full text]
  • The Navy in the Civil
    The Navies of the Civil War Overview Anderson, Bern. By Sea and by River: the Naval History of the Civil War. New York: Knopf, 1962. F834 A545b Hearn, Chester G. Naval battles of the Civil War. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2000. UN834 H436n 2000 Oversized Material Porter, David D. The Naval History of the Civil War. New York: Sherman Publishing Co., 1886. F834 P84n Union Joiner, Gary D. Mr. Lincoln’s Brown Water Navy: the Mississippi Squadron. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2007. UN834 J74m Merrill, James M. The Rebel Shore: the Story of Union Sea Power in the Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1957. F834 M571r Taaffe, Stephen R. Commanding Lincoln's Navy: Union Naval Leadership During the Civil War. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2009. UN834 T111c Confederacy Campbell, R. Thomas, editor. Voices of the Confederate Navy: Articles, Letters, Reports, and Reminiscences. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2008. UN861 V889 Hearn, Chester G. Gray Raiders of the Sea: How Eight Confederate Warships Destroyed the Union's High Seas Commerce. Camden, Maine: International Marine Publishing, 1992. F834z H436g Scharf, J. Thomas. History of Confederate States Navy from Its Organization to the Surrender of Its Last Vessel. Albany, New York: Joseph McDonough, 1894. F834z S31h 1894 Gunboats Walke, Henry. Naval Scenes on the Western Waters. The gunboats Taylor, Carondelet and Lafayette. [S.l., 187-?] F8347 N318 Gosnell, Harpur Allen. Guns on the Western Waters: the Story of River Gunboats in the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, [1949]. F834 G677g Joyner, Elizabeth Hoxie. The USS Cairo: History and Artifacts of a Civil War Gunboat.
    [Show full text]
  • The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: a Memorable Cruise
    Civil War Book Review Winter 2006 Article 7 The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: A Memorable Cruise William H. Roberts Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr Recommended Citation Roberts, William H. (2006) "The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: A Memorable Cruise," Civil War Book Review: Vol. 8 : Iss. 1 . Available at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cwbr/vol8/iss1/7 Roberts: The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: A Memorable Cruise Review Roberts, William H. Winter 2006 Whittle, William C., Harris, Alan, editor, and Harris, Anne B., editor. The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah: A Memorable Cruise. University of Alabama Press, $45.00 hardcover ISBN 817314512 Life on a Confederate Raider Timeless and Bound The Voyage of the CSS Shenandoah is the cruise journal of Lt. William Conway Whittle, Jr., the executive officer (second in command) of the Confederate commerce raider Shenandoah. Lucid and detailed, Whittle's writing illuminates both time-bound details of the Shenandoah's cruise and timeless elements of warship life at sea. The Shenandoah's story began in September 1864, when Confederate agent James D. Bulloch secretly purchased the full-rigged steamer Sea King in England. In the same way he equipped the famed Alabama, Bulloch sent the Sea King to Madeira to rendezvous with another ship that carried her guns, stores, equipment, and officers. On October 19, 1864, Lt. James Iredell Waddell commissioned the Sea King as the CSS Shenandoah and took command, with Whittle as his executive officer. The newly commissioned raider, with less than a third of the crew she needed, set off into the Atlantic.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Lands of the Romanovs: an Annotated Bibliography of First-Hand English-Language Accounts of the Russian Empire
    ANTHONY CROSS In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of The Russian Empire (1613-1917) OpenBook Publishers To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/268 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. In the Lands of the Romanovs An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917) Anthony Cross http://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2014 Anthony Cross The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt it and to make commercial use of it providing that attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that he endorses you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Cross, Anthony, In the Land of the Romanovs: An Annotated Bibliography of First-hand English-language Accounts of the Russian Empire (1613-1917), Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/ OBP.0042 Please see the list of illustrations for attribution relating to individual images. Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omissions or errors will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. As for the rights of the images from Wikimedia Commons, please refer to the Wikimedia website (for each image, the link to the relevant page can be found in the list of illustrations).
    [Show full text]
  • An Investigation Into British Neutrality During the American Civil War 1861-65
    AN INVESTIGATION INTO BRITISH NEUTRALITY DURING THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR 1861-65 BY REBECCA CHRISTINE ROBERTS-GAWEN A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of MA by Research Department of History University of Birmingham November 2015 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis sought to investigate why the British retained their policy of neutrality throughout the American Civil War, 1861-65, and whether the lack of intervention suggested British apathy towards the conflict. It discovered that British intervention was possible in a number of instances, such as the Trent Affair of 1861, but deliberately obstructed Federal diplomacy, such as the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863. This thesis suggests that the British public lacked substantial and sustained support for intervention. Some studies have suggested that the Union Blockade of Southern ports may have tempted British intervention. This thesis demonstrates how the British sought and implemented replacement cotton to support the British textile industry. This study also demonstrates that, by the outbreak of the Civil War, British society lacked substantial support for foreign abolitionists’’ campaigns, thus making American slavery a poorly supported reason for intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 46 No. 2 Whole Number 210 May 2018
    NJPH The Journal of the NEW JERSEY POSTAL HISTORY SOCIETY ISSN: 1078-1625 Vol. 46 No. 2 Whole Number 210 May 2018 New Jersey Pioneer Air Mail A failed ship-to-shore flight card, postmarked at East Rutherford, Nov. 13, 1910. Only 7 years after the Wright Brothers’ first flight, pioneer air mail began. See page 63. ~ CONTENTS ~ President’s Message ................................................................................ Robert G. Rose ............... 60 MERPEX/NOJEX/POCAX ..................................................................... ........................................ 61 New Jersey Pioneer Air Mail ........................................................................... Robert G. Rose ................ 63 William Joyce Sewell, U.S. Senator & Railroad President...................... John B. Sharkey.............. 68 Ship Covers Relating to the Iran/Iraq Tanker War & Reflagged Kuwaiti Tankers, 1987-8 ..............................................................................Capt. Lawrence B. Brennan (U.S. Navy, Ret,)... 77 An Addition to the Vroom Correspondence .................................................. Don Bowe .........................90 Revisiting 19th Century New Jersey Fancy Cancels................................ Jean R. Walton ............... 94 Foreign Mail to and from Morris County ~ Part 8: Cape Verde Islands to Morris County.............................................. Donald A. Chafetz........ 104 Member News: Member Changes, Thanks to Donors, Reminders, etc........ .........................................109
    [Show full text]
  • Charles Henry Davis. Is 07-18 77
    MEMO I R CHARLES HENRY DAVIS. IS 07-18 77. C. H. DAVIS. RKAD ISEFORE rirrc NATFONAF, ACADK.MY, Ai'itn,, 1S()(>. -1 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIR OF CHARLES HENRY DAVIS. CHARLES HENRY DAVIS was born in Boston, January 10, 1807. He was the youngest son of Daniel Davis, Solicitor General of the State of Massachusetts. Of the other sons, only one reached maturity, Frederick Hersey Davis, who died in Louisiana about 1840, without issue. The oldest daughter, Louisa, married William Minot, of Boston. Daniel Davis was the youngest son of Hon. Daniel Davis, of Barnstablc, justice of the Crown and judge of probate and com- mon pleas for the county of Barn.stable. The family had been settled in Barnstable since 1038. Daniel Davis, the second, studied law, settled first in Portland (then Fahnouth), in the province of Maine, and moved to Boston in 1805. He married Lois Freeman, daughter of Captain Constant Freeman, also of Cape Cod. Her brother. Iiev. James Freeman, was for forty years rector of the King's Chapel in Boston, and was the first Unita- rian minister in Massachusetts. The ritual of King's Chapel was changed to conform to the modified views of the rector, and remains the same to this day. Another brother, Colonel Constant Freeman, served through the Revolutionary war and attained the rank of lieutenant colonel of artillery. In 1802 lie was on the permanent establishment as lieutenant colonel of the First United States Artillery. After the war of 1812-'14 be resigned and was Fourth Auditor of tlie Treasury until bis death, in 1824.
    [Show full text]
  • Harper's Weekly
    Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles is portrayed as ‘Rip Van Winkle of the Navy Department in Sleepy Hollow,’ sleeping on the shore, while John Bull (England) appears with a load of cotton in a heavily armed boat and Emperor Napoleon III (France) appears with a crate of cigars in another heavily armed boat offshore—the U.S. Navy just floats nearby in an unarmed tub and Welles lazily contemplates taking a small, inadequate responsive action against privateers. Initially, Confederates were successful in evading the Union blockade, but Welles and the Union Navy woke up and more strongly enforced the blockade. Cartoon (unsigned) published in Harper’s Weekly, Volume V, No. 245, p 560, August 31, 1861. Harper’s Weekly: Civil War Naval Cartoons By Gary McQuarrie Cartoons became a regular feature in critiqued individuals or Union policies, they could also the nation’s illustrated newspapers of the Civil War, be affirmative and supportive. The cartoons simplified a typically appearing on the back page of each issue and topic by employing caricature and symbolism with irony, occasionally on an inside page of an issue. Harper’s puns, satire, and parody. Weekly specifically used cartoons to support the policies As in the case of wartime illustrations in the weekly of the editorial page, shaping public opinion, thwarting newspapers, cartoons involving the Navy made up a critics, and demanding effective leadership from the smaller proportion of those published. Harper’s Weekly government. Though cartoons often made fun of or and Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper published a WINTER 2021 | CIVILWARNAVY.COM | 29 Harper’s Weekly: Civil War Naval Cartoons similar number of cartoons involving naval subjects.
    [Show full text]