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Fishes of the Iranian Gulf

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Fishes of the Iranian Gulf FISHES OF THE IRANIAN GULF BY H. BLEGVAD ASSISTED BY B. L 0 P P E N T H IN EINAR MUNKSGAARD Contents Ptge PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ 5 THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF THE IRANIAN GULF . ii LIST OF S T A T IO N S .................................................................................................... i6 SYSTEMATIC SYNOPSIS OF THE M A T E R IA L .........................................27 DESCRIPTION OF THE M A TER IA L.................................................... 34 LIST OF NAMES USED BY IRANIAN FISHERMEN .... 222 L I T E R . \ T U R E ...............................................................................................................228 INDEX TO THE SCIENTIFIC N A M E S .............................................................235 PLATES H. Bleg^ad phot. Fig. I . M S "Rashgoo.” Iranian Gulf, 22.3.1937. Preface In 1936 I received through the Danish Foreign Ministry an honour­ able invitation from the Imperial Government of Iran to carr\ out fishery investigations in the Iranian Gulf. The intended aim of the investigations was to work up proposals for a modernization and an im­ provement of tne fishery in the Gulf. .\s early as November, 1936 I left by train for Iran in order to commcncc my work. A Danish North-Sca motor fishing boat of 34 tons was bought by the Iranian Government and went to the Gulf in the same autumn onboard a large steamer together with 3 Danish fishermen. After her arrival at the harbour of Bender Shahpur in the north­ western part of the Gulf the boat, which was named “Rashgoo,” was launched, and the fishery investigations were started. In the summer months of 1937 the boat was laid up in Khorram Shahr in Shatt-el-Arab, under the supervision of one of the crow, while the rest of the crew and I my.scif returned to Denmark. In the winter se;ison of 1937/38 the fishery investigations were resumed and carried on till the end of April, A report on the results of the investigations was delivered to the Iranian Government before my departure from Iran in May, 1938. I proposed the erection of a canning factory and a fish-flour factory in Bender Abbas and the bu>ing of a second fishing boat of the same type as the “Rashgoo.” I have had the great pleasure to see that the Government acted on my proposals in letting the Danish firm “Atias” build the factories, which H. Blrgvad phot. Fig. 9. MyS “Raibgoo” being unloaded. were taken over by the Government in January, 1941. Furthermore, 4 young Danish specialists in the canning industry were engaged to manage the factory, and 6 Danish fishermen were engaged to supervise the fisheries. .Another North Sea fishing boat was bought by the Govern­ ment in 1940, and the fishermen themselves sailed her from Eebjerg to the Gulf. She was named “Sangsar.” Very little is known about the fish fauna of the Iranian Gulf. .Apart from minor reports on some few species, mostly collected by private people, there fa no special literature on the fishes of the Gulf. The fishes of both India and the Red Sea have been described in large works, but this is not the case with the fishes of the Iranian Gulf. In the Red Sea fishes were collected by P. Fo r s s k & 1 in 1762 during the expedition made by the f^ous Danish traveller Carsten Niebuhr to Arabia. Forsska 1 Wmself died during the expedition, but Niebuhr later on published his well-known records ( “Descriptiones Animalium, etc.”—Haunix, 1775). The Zoological Museum of Copenhagen still posseaBCS F o r s s k & I’s unique collection of dried and pressed fishes from this travel. The fishes of this curious “Herbarium” are still in a remarkable good state of preserva­ tion though they are now nearly 200 years old. Their scales can be counted, md it is possible to observe several other important characters in them; therefore diligent use has been made of the “Fish Herbarium” during the work at the present book. How ingenious to treat the fish in this way when \ ou travel on camel-back and glasses and spirits cannot be carried along! The individual fish was split, dried and afterwards pre.ssed in a “her­ barium” like plants. When prepared in this way they did not weigh much and required only little room;—and it is even questionable whether speci­ mens preserv'ed in spirits would have been as fine by now asForsskal’s fishes. It very soon became clear to me that a total survey of the forms met ^^ith during the investigations would iluabJe indeed. During the investigations 164 hauls w'erc made with the irawl or the Danish seine at 136 stations. Besides the stationary' gears were used, and also the catches ,.f •!'<■ nntiv,- fUlicrmin were examined. Most of the species met with were of D a y’s “Fishes of India,” i 88g^, but furthermore one or several man iduals of each species were gen^ ” ^served in formalin for later examination and determina­ tion. Thi li in a rather large collection, which, by the courtesy of the Iranian Government, I managed to send to Copenhagen, and which constitutes the basis of the present descriptions. T' "rrtion has turned o\rr ? ■ .1 \tTTvi nin of Com I have purposely avoided the setting up ol new species. I have seen the confusion tli ‘ ' ' when an author sets up a new species on the basis of a single 1 and of charac^ters which later on turn out to be inconstant. I have experienced what a huge work it is for later authors to correct the error. Furthermore, it is often extremely difficult to decide which cJiaracters rightly may be used for a distinction of specics; throughout the many years of my work as a fishery biologist I have seen what enorm­ ous variations may occur as to form, colour and other characters between individuals of the same species. I have therefore confined ms’self to put down c\............ ries under the name lo which it was determined by means of the I in hand. In th if divergences their nature are minutely described, and I have endeavoured to give as complete a material ■ration as pos.sibIe. ...lough Prof. R. Sparck I received some excellent photographs of fishes from the Iranian Gulf, sent for determination by Dr. H e n Field of the Field Museum of Natural Histon,, Chicago. Being inable to correspond ' " ’ - ’ ' tjip prc\ . in nnisi.mcos I have taken the liberty to reproduce somi of these photographs here. Further­ more, I have endavoued to give pictures of all the characteristic genera of fishes mentioned in this book. I think that in many cases a good illustra­ tion, far better than many a detailed description, will give an idea of the fish in question. It is my hope that, beyond the professioner zoologists, all persons interested in the fish fauna of the Iranian Gulf, thus m iv derive benefit and pleasure from the present book. to the measurements given in the book the following must be said: The length is the total length including the caudal fin when nothing else is remarked. The height means the greatest height of the fish. T h e length of the head is measured from the tip of the snout to the upper edge of operculum, its height is the greatest height. L. 1 a t. denotes the number of scales along the lateral line, L. r. the number of scales along the longitudinal axis of the fish. L. tr. stands for the number of scales on the transversal axis from back to belly in 7 the greatest height of the fish. L. tr. ' means that there arc t sr '3 above the lateral line, i in the lateral line and 13 bclu^^ li. u, aciioics the dorsal fin, D, the first dorsal, D 2 the second dorsal. A. means the anal, C. the caudal, P. the pectoral, and V. the ventral fins. The number of fin rays is given in the way shown by the f ” <•: D. 5 j 1/24-25 + I means that the first dorsal has ", sr '---- ' • ' 24-25 soft rays, and i free ray. It is my pl< ■ ’iity in thi.s plate to bring my thanks, first and fore­ most to the In., . Liovemment of Iran for the interest displayed in my work during ray stay in Iran. HLs Imperial Majesty Reza Shah P a h 1 a V i. His Im{>erial Highness Shah] >hammedReza, and all the Government ...............<!ed me all the help and support that I might desire, I am ........; ...>.cbted to Mr. N. D j eh a n g u i r, Director of the Revenue Department, for his most valuable collaboration. I further wish to bring my thanks to the Consortium “Kamp^ax,” parti­ cularly Mr 1 r. r.~ ~ ■ - ■ pjp good advi. My thanks are further due to the Dirertion tion” for economic support ndon in the summer of •939 for the purpose of ‘ the li.sh t ollettion of the British Museum (Natural History). At i time T m\ ' ‘ to Dr. Norman, Director of tl, n nf thi ............... for hospitality at the Museum and for help letermining my Iranian material of fishes, especially the li da. My tha; also due to Mr. F r a s e r-B runner for . determination of fishes of the order Plectognathi. I thank Dr. K d u m a n s, Leyden, for his determination of my Gobiids and his kindly permitting me to publish his descriptions in the present work. H. Bleg%-ad p h o t Fig. 3 . On board thr “Rashgoo" under Iranian flag. 1938. I am further indebted to many people in this country for their assistance in the planning of my investigations and the procuring of ma­ terial, etc.
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