2013 Checklist of Florida's Birds

2013 Checklist of Florida’s Birds

Prepared by

The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission

Florida’s wild places are home to an incredible diversity of birds. More than 70 natural community types support this diversity from the pine flatwoods of Apalachicola National Forest, to the scrub communities of the Lake Wales Ridge, and the vast sawgrass marshes and mangrove swamps of Everglades National Park. Our natural areas harbor many bird species seen nowhere else in the United States including the Florida Scrub- Jay, Mangrove Cuckoo and Snail Kite, to name just a few. In addition, Florida’s birdlife is ever changing with the cycle of the seasons. A constant turnover of breeding, wintering and migratory species provides new birding experiences throughout the year.

To help you keep track of the spectacular range of birdlife the state has to offer, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) has published this checklist of Florida’s birds. This booklet is the official checklist of the Wings Over Florida birding certificate program. Wings Over Florida awards full-color certificates at five different achievement levels to birders who report their Florida life lists to the FWC. This program is a free service; however, tax-deductible donations to support the Wings Over Florida program may be sent to: Wildlife Foundation of Florida, Attn: GFBWT/WOF, PO Box 6181, Tallahassee, FL 32314-6181 (checks or money orders, in U.S. funds only, can be made payable to the Wildlife Foundation of Florida, with GFBWT in the memo line).

For more information, visit floridabirdingtrail.com/index.php/resources/wings or write to Wings Over Florida Certificate Program, Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, 620 S. Meridian St., Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1600, and ask for an application packet. If you wish to receive only the Checklist of Florida’s Birds, write to “Bird Checklist” at the same address.

The Checklist of Florida’s Birds was first prepared by Dr. Henry M. Stevenson in 1986. During his lifetime, Dr. Stevenson made many invaluable contributions to the field of ornithology, culminating with his writing The Birdlife of Florida with Bruce H. Anderson (1994). This book offers the most comprehensive information published on the lives of Florida’s birds.

This current checklist is based on "verified" records of native birds and established non- natives (exotics) from the book, Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List, published by the Florida Ornithological Society (Robertson and Woolfenden 1992). Verified species are defined as those whose presence can be confirmed by reference to specimens, photographs or voice recordings. In addition, more recently verified species were added from the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth reports of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee (Kratter 2010a; Kratter 2010b; Kratter 2012). Recent taxonomic changes were included from the seventh edition of the American Ornithologists’ Union’s Check-list of North American Birds (1983) and supplements to the checklist, including the most current, the Fifty-second Supplement to the AOU Check-list (Chesser et al. 2011). At the publishing of this checklist, 517 verified species have been documented within the state of Florida in historical time (i.e., since European discovery). This total includes 13 established exotics and 4 species now considered extinct in Florida. In addition, one Elaenia species record (identified only to genus) has been accepted.

Symbols used in the checklist are as follows:

B — A species that is (or formerly was) a breeder in Florida; this designation is given to a species with at least one documented breeding record in Florida.

BI — Species for which breeding is limited to introduced components of the population. For example, Mallards winter in Florida in low numbers, but the only Mallards breeding here are introduced birds that are permanent residents in the state. It is not known whether Whooping Cranes ever bred in Florida historically. Breeding today is limited to individuals introduced to create a non-migratory population.

E — Established exotic — non-native birds with stable or increasing breeding populations in Florida. [NOTE: Exotics, including escapees from captivity, are not countable towards Wings Over Florida certificates.]

† — Extinct

R — Rare birds (review species) that should be documented and reported to the Florida Ornithological Society. Send records to Jon Greenlaw, FOSRC Secretary, 10503 Mistflower Ln., Tampa, FL 33647. In addition to the 100-plus review species, there are three subspecies that are also under review: Common Teal (Green-winged Teal subspecies), Vega Gull (Herring Gull subspecies) and Audubon’s Warbler (Yellow- rumped Warbler subspecies). [NOTE: Review species are so rare that they need proper documentation to be accepted by the Florida Ornithological Society; you should be prepared to provide documentation for any review species to be counted towards your Wings Over Florida certificate.]

Birding is always more enjoyable when you have information on where to go and what species to look for. The FWC developed the Great Florida Birding and Wildlife Trail to help you find Florida's birding hot spots. To download or request copies of these trail guides, visit floridabirdingtrail.com. Another source of information on the regional status and seasonal occurrence of Florida’s birds (and where to find them) is Bill Pranty’s A Birder’s Guide to Florida published by the American Birding Association (2005).

Good luck and good birding!

Artwork by: Diane Pierce

2 Literature cited

American Ornithologists’ Union (AOU). 1983. Check-list of North American Birds. 7th edition (1998). American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

Chesser, R. T., R. C. Banks, F. K. Barker, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, A. W. Kratter, I. J. Lovette, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, J. D. Rising, D. F. Stotz, K. Winker. 2011. Fifty-second supplement to the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American Birds. The Auk 128(3):600-613.

Kratter, A. W. 2010a. Eighteenth Report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 2008. Florida Field Naturalist 38(1):15-31.

Kratter, A. W. 2010b. Nineteenth Report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 2009. Florida Field Naturalist 38(4):150-174.

Kratter, A. W. 2012. Twentieth Report of the Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee: 2010. Florida Field Naturalist 40(1):13-26.

Pranty, B. 2005. A Birder’s Guide to Florida. American Birding Association, Inc. Colorado Springs, Colorado. 418 pp.

Robertson, W. B., Jr. and G. E. Woolfenden. 1992. Florida Bird Species: An Annotated List. Florida Ornithological Society Special Publication No. 6, Gainesville, Florida. 260 pp.

Stevenson, H. M. and B. H. Anderson. 1994. The Birdlife of Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 892 pp.

3 2013 CHECKLIST OF FLORIDA’S BIRDS

ANATIDAE — DUCKS, GEESE & SWANS PODICIPEDIDAE — GREBES □ Black-bellied Whistling-Duck B □ Least Grebe R, B □ Fulvous Whistling-Duck B □ Pied-billed Grebe B □ Greater White-fronted Goose □ Horned Grebe □ Snow Goose □ Red-necked Grebe R □ Ross's Goose □ Eared Grebe □ Brant □ Western Grebe R □ Cackling Goose R □ Canada Goose BI PHOENICOPTERIDAE — FLAMINGOS □ Tundra Swan □ American Flamingo Muscovy Duck E, B □ Wood Duck B DIOMEDEIDAE — ALBATROSSES □ Gadwall □ Yellow-nosed Albatross R □ Eurasian Wigeon □ American Wigeon PROCELLARIIDAE — PETRELS & □ American Black Duck SHEARWATERS □ Mallard BI □ Northern Fulmar R □ Mottled Duck B □ Black-capped Petrel □ Blue-winged Teal B □ Fea’s Petrel R □ Cinnamon Teal □ Cory's Shearwater □ Northern Shoveler □ Great Shearwater □ White-cheeked Pintail R □ Sooty Shearwater □ Northern Pintail □ Short-tailed Shearwater R □ Green-winged Teal □ Manx Shearwater R □ Canvasback □ Audubon's Shearwater □ Redhead □ Ring-necked Duck B HYDROBATIDAE — STORM-PETRELS □ Greater Scaup □ Wilson's Storm-Petrel □ Lesser Scaup B □ Leach's Storm-Petrel □ King Eider R □ Band-rumped Storm-Petrel □ Common Eider □ Harlequin Duck PHAETHONTIDAE — TROPICBIRDS □ Surf Scoter □ White-tailed Tropicbird □ White-winged Scoter □ Red-billed Tropicbird R □ Black Scoter □ Long-tailed Duck CICONIIDAE — STORKS □ Bufflehead □ Wood Stork B □ Common Goldeneye □ Hooded Merganser B FREGATIDAE — FRIGATEBIRDS □ Common Merganser R □ Magnificent Frigatebird B □ Red-breasted Merganser □ Masked Duck R SULIDAE — BOOBIES & GANNETS □ Ruddy Duck B □ Masked Booby B □ Brown Booby ODONTOPHORIDAE — NEW WORLD QUAIL □ Red-footed Booby □ Northern Bobwhite B □ Northern Gannet

PHASIANIDAE — GROUSE, TURKEYS & OLD PHALACROCORACIDAE — CORMORANTS WORLD QUAIL □ Neotropic Cormorant R □ Wild Turkey B □ Double-crested Cormorant B □ Great Cormorant GAVIIDAE — LOONS □ Red-throated Loon ANHINGIDAE — ANHINGAS & DARTERS □ Pacific Loon □ Anhinga B □ Common Loon

4 PELECANIDAE — PELICANS □ Eurasian Kestrel R □ American White Pelican □ American Kestrel B □ Brown Pelican B □ Merlin □ Peregrine Falcon ARDEIDAE — HERONS, BITTERNS & ALLIES □ American Bittern RALLIDAE — RAILS, GALLINULES & COOTS □ Least Bittern B □ Yellow Rail □ Great Blue Heron B □ Black Rail B □ Great Egret B □ Clapper Rail B □ Snowy Egret B □ King Rail B □ Little Blue Heron B □ Virginia Rail B □ Tricolored Heron B □ Sora □ Reddish Egret B Purple Swamphen E □ Cattle Egret B □ Purple Gallinule B □ Green Heron B □ Common Gallinule B □ Black-crowned Night-Heron B □ American Coot B □ Yellow-crowned Night-Heron B ARAMIDAE — LIMPKINS THRESKIORNITHIDAE — IBISES & □ Limpkin B SPOONBILLS □ White Ibis B GRUIDAE — CRANES □ Scarlet Ibis R, B □ Sandhill Crane B □ Glossy Ibis B □ Whooping Crane BI □ White-faced Ibis B □ Roseate Spoonbill B CHARADRIIDAE — LAPWINGS & PLOVERS □ Northern Lapwing R CATHARTIDAE — NEW WORLD VULTURES □ Black-bellied Plover □ Black Vulture B □ American Golden-Plover □ Turkey Vulture B □ Lesser Sand-Plover R □ Greater Sand-Plover R PANDIONIDAE — OSPREYS □ Snowy Plover B □ Osprey B □ Wilson's Plover B □ Semipalmated Plover ACCIPITRIDAE — HAWKS, KITES, & EAGLES □ Piping Plover □ Swallow-tailed Kite B □ Killdeer B □ White-tailed Kite B □ Mountain Plover R □ Snail Kite B □ Mississippi Kite B HAEMATOPODIDAE — OSYTERCATCHERS □ Bald Eagle B □ American Oystercatcher B □ Northern Harrier B □ Sharp-shinned Hawk RECURVIROSTRIDAE — STILTS & AVOCETS □ Cooper's Hawk B □ Black-necked Stilt B □ Northern Goshawk R □ American Avocet □ Red-shouldered Hawk B □ Broad-winged Hawk B SCOLOPACIDAE — SANDPIPERS, □ Short-tailed Hawk B PHALAROPES & ALLIES □ Swainson's Hawk □ Spotted Sandpiper □ Zone-tailed Hawk R □ Solitary Sandpiper □ Red-tailed Hawk B □ Greater Yellowlegs □ Ferruginous Hawk R □ Common Greenshank R □ Rough-legged Hawk R □ Willet B □ Golden Eagle □ Lesser Yellowlegs □ Upland Sandpiper FALCONIDAE — CARACARAS & FALCONS □ Whimbrel □ Crested Caracara B □ Long-billed Curlew

5 □ Black-tailed Godwit R □ Gull-billed Tern B □ Hudsonian Godwit □ Caspian Tern B □ Bar-tailed Godwit R □ Black Tern □ Marbled Godwit □ Roseate Tern B □ Ruddy Turnstone □ Common Tern B □ Surfbird R □ Arctic Tern □ Red Knot □ Forster's Tern □ Sanderling □ Royal Tern B □ Semipalmated Sandpiper □ Sandwich Tern B □ Western Sandpiper □ Elegant Tern R □ Least Sandpiper □ Black Skimmer B □ White-rumped Sandpiper □ Baird's Sandpiper STERCORARIIDAE — SKUAS & JAEGERS □ Pectoral Sandpiper □ South Polar Skua R □ Sharp-tailed Sandpiper R □ Pomarine Jaeger □ Purple Sandpiper □ Parasitic Jaeger □ Dunlin □ Long-tailed Jaeger □ Curlew Sandpiper □ Stilt Sandpiper ALCIDAE — AUKS, MURRES & PUFFINS □ Buff-breasted Sandpiper □ Dovekie □ Ruff □ Thick-billed Murre R □ Short-billed Dowitcher □ Razorbill R □ Long-billed Dowitcher □ Long-billed Murrelet R □ Wilson's Snipe □ Ancient Murrelet R □ American Woodcock B □ Atlantic Puffin R □ Wilson's Phalarope □ Red-necked Phalarope COLUMBIDAE — PIGEONS & DOVES □ Red Phalarope Rock Pigeon E, B □ Scaly-naped Pigeon R LARIDAE— GULLS, TERNS & SKIMMERS □ White-crowned Pigeon B □ Black-legged Kittiwake □ Band-tailed Pigeon R □ Sabine's Gull □ European Turtle-Dove R □ Bonaparte's Gull Eurasian Collared-Dove E, B □ Gray-hooded Gull R □ White-winged Dove BI □ Black-headed Gull R □ Zenaida Dove R, B □ Little Gull R □ Mourning Dove B □ Laughing Gull B □ Passenger Pigeon † □ Franklin's Gull □ Inca Dove R □ Belcher's Gull R □ Common Ground-Dove B □ Heermann's Gull R □ White-tipped Dove R □ Ring-billed Gull □ Key West Quail-Dove B □ California Gull R □ Ruddy Quail-Dove R □ Herring Gull □ Thayer's Gull R PSITTACIDAE — PARAKEETS & PARROTS □ Iceland Gull Budgerigar E, B □ Lesser Black-backed Gull Nanday Parakeet E, B □ Slaty-backed Gull R Monk Parakeet E, B □ Glaucous Gull □ Carolina Parakeet †, B □ Great Black-backed Gull White-winged Parakeet E, B □ Kelp Gull R □ Brown Noddy B CUCULIDAE — CUCKOOS & ANIS □ Black Noddy □ Yellow-billed Cuckoo B □ Sooty Tern B □ Mangrove Cuckoo B □ Bridled Tern B □ Black-billed Cuckoo □ Least Tern B □ Smooth-billed Ani B

6 □ Groove-billed Ani □ Northern Flicker B □ Pileated Woodpecker B TYTONIDAE — BARN OWLS □ Ivory-billed Woodpecker †, B □ Barn Owl B TYRANNIDAE — TYRANT FLYCATCHERS STRIGIDAE —TYPICAL OWLS □ Elaenia species R □ Flammulated Owl R □ Olive-sided Flycatcher □ Eastern Screech-Owl B □ Western Wood-Pewee R □ Great Horned Owl B □ Eastern Wood-Pewee B □ Snowy Owl R □ Cuban Pewee R □ Burrowing Owl B □ Yellow-bellied Flycatcher □ Barred Owl B □ Acadian Flycatcher B □ Long-eared Owl R □ Alder Flycatcher R □ Short-eared Owl □ Willow Flycatcher R □ Northern Saw-whet Owl R □ Least Flycatcher □ Hammond’s Flycatcher R CAPRIMULGIDAE — NIGHTJARS □ Black Phoebe R □ Lesser Nighthawk □ Eastern Phoebe B □ Common Nighthawk B □ Say's Phoebe R □ Antillean Nighthawk B □ Vermilion Flycatcher □ Chuck-will's-widow B □ Ash-throated Flycatcher □ Eastern Whip-poor-will □ Great Crested Flycatcher B □ Brown-crested Flycatcher APODIDAE — SWIFTS □ La Sagra's Flycatcher □ White-collared Swift R □ Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher R □ Chimney Swift B □ Piratic Flycatcher R □ Vaux's Swift R □ Variegated Flycatcher R □ White-throated Swift R □ Tropical Kingbird R □ Antillean Palm-Swift R □ Cassin's Kingbird R □ Western Kingbird TROCHILIDAE — HUMMINGBIRDS □ Eastern Kingbird B □ Broad-billed Hummingbird R □ Gray Kingbird B □ White-eared Hummingbird R □ Loggerhead Kingbird R □ Buff-bellied Hummingbird □ Scissor-tailed Flycatcher □ Bahama Woodstar R □ Fork-tailed Flycatcher □ Ruby-throated Hummingbird B □ Black-chinned Hummingbird LANIIDAE — SHRIKES □ Anna's Hummingbird R □ Loggerhead Shrike B □ Costa’s Hummingbird R □ Calliope Hummingbird VIREONIDAE — VIREOS □ Broad-tailed Hummingbird R □ White-eyed Vireo B □ Rufous Hummingbird □ Thick-billed Vireo R □ Allen's Hummingbird R □ Bell's Vireo □ Yellow-throated Vireo B ALCEDINIDAE — KINGFISHERS □ Blue-headed Vireo □ Belted Kingfisher B □ Warbling Vireo □ Philadelphia Vireo PICIDAE — WOODPECKERS & ALLIES □ Red-eyed Vireo B □ Red-headed Woodpecker B □ Yellow-green Vireo R □ Golden-fronted Woodpecker R □ Black-whiskered Vireo B □ Red-bellied Woodpecker B □ Yellow-bellied Sapsucker CORVIDAE — CROWS & JAYS □ Downy Woodpecker B □ Blue Jay B □ Hairy Woodpecker B □ Florida Scrub-Jay B □ Red-cockaded Woodpecker B □ American Crow B

7 □ Fish Crow B □ Mountain Bluebird R □ Townsend’s Solitaire R ALAUDIDAE — LARKS □ Veery □ Horned Lark □ Gray-cheeked Thrush □ Bicknell's Thrush R HIRUNDINIDAE — SWALLOWS □ Swainson's Thrush □ Purple Martin B □ Hermit Thrush □ Cuban Martin R □ Wood Thrush B □ Southern Martin R □ American Robin B □ Tree Swallow □ Red-legged Thrush R □ Mangrove Swallow R □ Varied Thrush R □ Bahama Swallow R □ Northern Rough-winged Swallow B MIMIDAE — MOCKINGBIRDS & THRASHERS □ Bank Swallow □ Gray Catbird B □ Cliff Swallow B □ Northern Mockingbird B □ Cave Swallow B □ Bahama Mockingbird □ Barn Swallow B □ Sage Thrasher R □ Brown Thrasher B PARIDAE — CHICKADEES & TITMICE □ Curve-billed Thrasher R □ Carolina Chickadee B □ Tufted Titmouse B STURNIDAE — STARLINGS □ European Starling E, B SITTIDAE — NUTHATCHES □ Common Myna E, B □ Red-breasted Nuthatch □ White-breasted Nuthatch B MOTACILLIDAE — WAGTAILS & PIPITS □ Brown-headed Nuthatch B □ White Wagtail R □ American Pipit CERTHIIDAE — CREEPERS □ Sprague's Pipit □ Brown Creeper BOMBYCILLIDAE — WAXWINGS TROGLODYTIDAE — WRENS □ Cedar Waxwing □ Rock Wren R □ Carolina Wren B CALCARIIDAE — LONGSPURS & ALLIES □ Bewick's Wren R □ Lapland Longspur □ House Wren □ Chestnut-collared Longspur R □ Winter Wren □ Snow Bunting □ Sedge Wren □ Marsh Wren B PARULIDAE — WOOD-WARBLERS □ Ovenbird POLIOPTILIDAE — GNATCATCHERS □ Worm-eating Warbler B □ Blue-gray Gnatcatcher B □ Louisiana Waterthrush B □ Northern Waterthrush PYCNONOTIDAE — BULBULS □ Bachman's Warbler † □ Red-whiskered Bulbul E, B □ Golden-winged Warbler □ Blue-winged Warbler REGULIDAE — KINGLETS □ Black-and-white Warbler □ Golden-crowned Kinglet □ Prothonotary Warbler B □ Ruby-crowned Kinglet □ Swainson's Warbler B □ Tennessee Warbler MUSCICAPIDAE — OLD WORLD □ Orange-crowned Warbler FLYCATCHERS □ Nashville Warbler □ Northern Wheatear R □ Connecticut Warbler □ MacGillivray's Warbler R TURDIDAE — THRUSHES □ Mourning Warbler □ Eastern Bluebird B □ Kentucky Warbler B

8 □ Common Yellowthroat B □ Fox Sparrow □ Hooded Warbler B □ Song Sparrow □ American Redstart B □ Lincoln's Sparrow □ Kirtland's Warbler R □ Swamp Sparrow □ Cape May Warbler □ White-throated Sparrow □ Cerulean Warbler □ Harris's Sparrow R □ Northern Parula B □ White-crowned Sparrow □ Magnolia Warbler □ Golden-crowned Sparrow R □ Bay-breasted Warbler □ Dark-eyed Junco □ Blackburnian Warbler □ Yellow Warbler B CARDINALIDAE — CARDINALS & ALLIES □ Chestnut-sided Warbler □ Summer Tanager B □ Blackpoll Warbler □ Scarlet Tanager □ Black-throated Blue Warbler □ Western Tanager □ Palm Warbler □ Northern Cardinal B □ Pine Warbler B □ Rose-breasted Grosbeak □ Yellow-rumped Warbler □ Black-headed Grosbeak □ Yellow-throated Warbler B □ Blue Grosbeak B □ Prairie Warbler B □ Lazuli Bunting R □ Black-throated Gray Warbler □ Indigo Bunting B □ Townsend's Warbler □ Varied Bunting R □ Golden-cheeked Warbler R □ Painted Bunting B □ Black-throated Green Warbler □ Dickcissel □ Canada Warbler □ Wilson’s Warbler ICTERIDAE — BLACKBIRDS □ Yellow-breasted Chat B □ Bobolink □ Red-winged Blackbird B FAMILY INCERTAE SEDIS — BANANAQUITS □ Tawny-shouldered Blackbird R □ Bananaquit □ Eastern Meadowlark B □ Western Meadowlark R THRAUPIDAE — TANAGERS & ALLIES □ Yellow-headed Blackbird □ Western Spindalis B □ Rusty Blackbird □ Brewer's Blackbird EMBERIZIDAE — EMBERIZIDS □ Common Grackle B □ Yellow-faced Grassquit R □ Boat-tailed Grackle B □ Black-faced Grassquit R □ Shiny Cowbird □ Green-tailed Towhee R □ Bronzed Cowbird □ Spotted Towhee R □ Brown-headed Cowbird B □ Eastern Towhee B □ Orchard Oriole B □ Bachman's Sparrow B □ Hooded Oriole R □ American Tree Sparrow R □ Bullock's Oriole R □ Chipping Sparrow B □ Spot-breasted Oriole E, B □ Clay-colored Sparrow □ Baltimore Oriole B □ Field Sparrow B □ Vesper Sparrow FRINGILLIDAE — FINCHES & ALLIES □ Lark Sparrow □ Purple Finch □ Black-throated Sparrow R □ House Finch E, B □ Lark Bunting R □ Red Crossbill R □ Savannah Sparrow □ Common Redpoll R □ Grasshopper Sparrow B □ Pine Siskin □ Henslow's Sparrow □ American Goldfinch □ Le Conte's Sparrow □ Evening Grosbeak □ Nelson's Sparrow □ Saltmarsh Sparrow PASSERIDAE — OLD WORLD SPARROWS □ Seaside Sparrow B □ House Sparrow E, B

9 Additional species

□ ______

Revised Dec 2013