DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix C Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix C Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation Appendix C Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation This page intentionally left blank. Appendix C—Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................C-1 PART ONE: THE ROADLESS AREA INVENTORY............................................................................C-2 PURPOSE..........................................................................................................................................................C-2 PREVIOUSLY INVENTORIED ROADLESS AREAS........................................................................................C-2 INVENTORY CRITERIA ....................................................................................................................................C-3 Forest Service Region 9 (Eastern Region) GUIDELINES .............................................................................C-4 INVENTORY PROCESS AND RESULTS.........................................................................................................C-5 Step One........................................................................................................................................................C-5 Step Two......................................................................................................................................................C-12 Step Three ...................................................................................................................................................C-24 Step Four .....................................................................................................................................................C-28 PART TWO: WILDERNESS EVALUATION ......................................................................................C-31 OVERVIEW ......................................................................................................................................................C-31 EVALUATION OF NEW WILDERNESS OPPORTUNITIES...........................................................................C-31 MANAGEMENT Of WILDERNESS.................................................................................................................C-31 CONSEQUENCES OF A WILDERNESS OR NON-WILDERNESS AREA DESIGNATION..........................C-34 INDIVIDUAL ROADLESS AREA EVALUATIONS .........................................................................................C-39 ROADLESS AREA 19001 (TRACY RIDGE) ...............................................................................................C-39 ROADLESS AREA 19002 (CHESTNUT RIDGE)........................................................................................C-49 ROADLESS AREA 19003 (MINISTER VALLEY) ........................................................................................C-55 ROADLESS AREA 19004 (ALLEGHENY FRONT).....................................................................................C-66 CAPABILITY....................................................................................................................................................C-69 AVAILABILITY.................................................................................................................................................C-71 NEED FOR WILDERNESS ON THE ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST ....................................................C-73 Ecosystem Representation..........................................................................................................................C-74 Geographic Representation.........................................................................................................................C-74 Accessibility..................................................................................................................................................C-75 Regional Wild and Natural Areas.................................................................................................................C-77 National Visitor Use Monitoring Project (Wilderness Areas) .......................................................................C-78 Passive Use Values .....................................................................................................................................C-80 Public Involvement.......................................................................................................................................C-80 Summary of Wilderness Need .....................................................................................................................C-81 Process for Determining Wilderness Recommendations..........................................................................C-81 Allegheny National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement i Appendix C. Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation List of Tables Table C-1. Summary of Step One (Areas 5,000 acres or more)............................................................................C-8 Table C-2. Summary of Step One (Areas 2,500 to 4,999 acres) ...........................................................................C-9 Table C-3. Summary of Step One (Areas less than 2,500 acres)........................................................................C-10 Table C-4. Reasons for Eliminating Areas 3-7 thru 3-17......................................................................................C-11 Table C-5. Summary of RARE II and Special Interest Areas...............................................................................C-12 Table C-6. Summary of Existing Improvements (Areas >5,000 acres)................................................................C-15 Table C-7. Summary of Existing Improvements (Areas <5,000 acres)................................................................C-16 Table C-8. Summary of Reconfigured Areas .......................................................................................................C-21 Table C-9. Evaluation of Morrison, Tracy Ridge and Minister Valley...................................................................C-25 Table C-10. Evaluation of Allegheny Front, Clarion River and Allegheny Reservoir (South Cornplanter) ..........C-26 Table C-11. Evaluation of Chestnut Ridge, Cornplanter and Hearts Content......................................................C-27 Table C-12. Evaluation of Hickory Creek Addition, Verbeck Island and Clark Island ..........................................C-28 Table C-13. Supplemental Reasons for Eliminating Areas ..................................................................................C-29 Table C-14. Areas Evaluated for Wilderness Area Designation ..........................................................................C-39 Table C-14. Status of Roads within the Minister Valley RA .................................................................................C-60 Table C-15. Distribution and Amount of Wilderness in the East ..........................................................................C-75 Table C-16. Population Centers within 250 Miles of a Wilderness Area..............................................................C-76 Table C-17. Percentage Use of ANF Facilities and Specially Designated Areas ................................................C-79 Table C-18. Projected Wilderness Visits for the ANF...........................................................................................C-79 ii Allegheny National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement Appendix C—Roadless Area Inventory and Wilderness Area Evaluation INTRODUCTION The National Forest Management Act and the 1982 Planning Rule require an evaluation of potential wilderness area designations during forest plan revision. To fulfill this requirement, an inventory and evaluation of roadlesss areas that may be suitable for congressional wilderness area designation is needed. The first step is the inventory in which roadless areas are identified for further evaluation as potential wilderness areas. The second step evaluates the potential addition of the inventoried roadless areas to the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS) to determine the mix of land and resource uses that best meet public needs. According to the Eastern Wilderness Areas Act of 1975, areas in the East are considered for wilderness study area (WSA) designation. Any area designated a wilderness study area is subsequently studied to determine its suitability or non-suitability for preservation as a wilderness area, and a recommendation must be submitted to congress within ten years from the date of designation as a wilderness study area. Appendix C is divided into two parts: • Part One describes the process and requirements used to inventory roadless areas. All areas inventoried during the Roadless Area Review and Evaluation of 1979 (known as RARE II) and other Allegheny National Forest (ANF) lands were considered in the inventory process for the revision of the Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP). • Part Two presents the wilderness evaluations for each of the areas that met inventory requirements in Part One. Part Two discusses in detail the capability, availability and need for wilderness area designation and includes a summary of the current congressionally designated wilderness areas on the ANF. The planning record contains supplemental data and maps used in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Lake Plan Malcolm and Ardoch Lakes Background Document
    THE LAKE PLAN MALCOLM AND ARDOCH LAKES BACKGROUND DOCUMENT i DISCLAIMER The information contained in this document is for information purposes only. It has been collected from sources we believe to be reliable, but completeness and accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The Malcolm Ardoch Lake Landowners’ Association (MALLA) and its members are not liable for any errors or omissions in the data and for any loss or damage suffered based upon the contents herein. Maps are provided only for general indications of position and are not designed for navigational purposes. Boaters and snowmobilers/all-terrain vehicles must take due care at all times on the lakes; users of the lakes are responsible for their own safety and well-being by making themselves aware of any hazards that may exist at any given time. BACKGROUND Preliminary work for the Lake Plan began in 2012 when the Malcolm Ardoch Lakes Association executive were asked for information related to the water quality of the two lakes. Some information was available through the Ministry of the Environment Lakes Partner Program due to the efforts of Ron Higgins for Malcolm and Ruth Cooper for Ardoch Lake who conducted water sampling to provide Secchi data. A second source was the five-year sampling rotation conducted by Mississippi Valley Conservation Authority. The implications of water quality and water levels initiated discussions about the need for consistent monitoring on the lakes. A Committee was formed under the leadership of Ron Higgins and topics beyond water quality were identified. A land development proposal for Ardoch Lake became an urgent matter and the Lake Plan was delayed.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Sport in British Columbia to 1885: Chronicle of Significant Developments and Events
    A HISTORY OF SPORT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA TO 1885: CHRONICLE OF SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENTS AND EVENTS by DEREK ANTHONY SWAIN B.A., University of British Columbia, 1970 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES School of Physical Education and Recreation We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April, 1977 (c) Derek Anthony Swain, 1977 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Depa rtment The University of British Columbia 2075 Wesbrook Place Vancouver, Canada V6T 1W5 ii ABSTRACT This paper traces the development of early sporting activities in the province of British Columbia. Contemporary newspapers were scanned to obtain a chronicle of the signi• ficant sporting developments and events during the period between the first Fraser River gold rush of 18 58 and the completion of the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway in 188 5. During this period, it is apparent that certain sports facilitated a rapid expansion of activities when the railway brought thousands of new settlers to the province in the closing years of the century.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake of Betrayal 12 19 16.Indd
    Lake of Betrayal VIEWER DISCUSSION GUIDE Top: Producer/Director Paul Lamont and Researcher Caleb Abrams at the former community of Coldspring, Pennsylvania. The Kinzua Dam and Allegheny Reservoir in Pennsylvania. Completed in 1965, the dam was Photo by Scott Sackett originally proposed to help mitigate flooding 200 miles down river. Photo by Caleb Abrams Above: Lake of Betrayal Film Crew (Caleb Abrams, Paul Lamont, Stephen McCarthy, John V. Davis). Photo by Scott Sackett Program Synopsis Lake of Betrayal explores the history of Kinzua Dam development and building on the Allegheny River in Pennsylvania and its impact on the Seneca Indian “You grew up feeling that the Nation. Completed in 1965 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the dam was river is power, it has purpose. originally proposed to help mitigate flooding in Pittsburgh—200 miles down That’s the connection of the river. However, the 27-mile reservoir that formed behind the dam inundated Allegheny River; that river has vast tracts of the Seneca Indians’ ancestral lands, forcing their removal in breach of the United States’ oldest treaty, the Treaty of Canandaigua (1794). life.” Lake of Betrayal examines the Seneca Nation’s fight to protect its sovereignty - Dennis J. Bowen, Sr., against the U.S. government’s Indian termination policy and overwhelming Seneca Nation, Bear Clan political and economic forces driving the post-WWII economic boom. The building of the dam also displaced residents in four towns and villages located in Pennsylvania and New York states, a backdrop that is not readily or widely known. While the greatest concentration was the Seneca people working to protect their land and rights, there were larger public and private interests pushing and pulling to revitalize a growing nation.
    [Show full text]
  • PSALMS for MOTHER EMANUEL E L E G Y F R O M P I T T S B U R G H T O C H a R L E S T O N
    PSALMS FOR MOTHER EMANUEL ELEGY FROM PITTSBURGH TO CHARLESTON the pittsburgh foundation | 2016 FOREWORD All things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose. — ROMANS 8:28 It requires a lot of faith to practice Romans 8:28. On June 17, 2015, a gunman walked into Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church and opened fire on women, men and children concluding a Bible Study while their eyes were closed, “watching God.” The nine people killed were armed with Bibles and the Holy Spirit. My childhood friend and ministerial colleague, Rev. Clementa Pinckney, was killed. Our text message stream is still in my cellphone; I will not erase it. Waltrinia Middleton, a college friend, and her aunt, Rev. DePayne Middleton-Doctor, were killed. These personal relationships made the tragedy sink in even more. On July 10, 2015, the Confederate flag was removed from the South Carolina State House. Many in my state and across the nation began having more serious conversations about race. I tremble thinking what it cost us to get there. Emanuel A.M.E. Church is one of the most historic African- American churches in the nation. And Charleston is dubbed the “Holy City” for the plethora of churches that make up its landscape. Every corner of Charleston reminds us of past prejudices, recent hates and an optimistic future. There is a beauty in the city that is majestic. The nation saw it in the outpouring of love after June 17. The Book of Psalms was the hymnbook of ancient Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • The First Vuelta a Colombia, January 5-17, 1951 Jane M
    ENSAYO Bicycling as a Response to La Violencia: The First Vuelta a Colombia, January 5-17, 1951 Jane M. Rausch/ University of Massachusetts Amherst Sport historians have long recognized the relationship between most popular sport and why Colombians have embraced their sport and nationalism. As suggested by the editors of the pedalistas (cyclists) with a passion unique in Latin America.2 recent anthology Sports and Nationalism in Latin/o America, more often than not, sports have been “a key arena for offi- cial forms of nationalism aimed at integrating a given society The 1940s: Political Turbulence and the Beginning of the in the face of internal differences or for schemes aimed at La Violencia taking advantage of sports’ deep popularity to obtain political gains and legitimization” (Fernández L’Hoeste, McKee Irvin, In the first half of the twentieth century, the traditional- Poblete, 2015, 2). Even in Colombia, a country broken into ly intense animosity between the Conservative and Liberal disparate regions that geographically reinforce the emergence parties rose to a fever pitch after the disputed election of 1946 of distinctive cultures, sports at various times have surmount- brought the Conservative candidate Mariano Ospina to the ed this obstacle to play a crucial role in the establishment of a presidency. Two years into his administration the murder sense of national identity.1 on April 9, 1948 of populist Liberal leader Jorge Eliécer Gaitán touched off a riot of unprecedented proportions that One of these critical moments occurred in January 1951, later became known as the Bogotazo. On the initial (though when in the midst of a brutal civil war known as La Violencia, erroneous) assumption that Ospina’s government had ordered thirty-one cyclists embarked on the first Vuelta a Colombia, Gaitán’s murder; the event further inflamed hatreds between a bicycle race modeled after the Tour de France.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cyborg Griffin: a Speculative Literary Journal
    Hollins University Hollins Digital Commons Cyborg Griffin: a Speculative Fiction Literary Journal 2014 The yC borg Griffin: ap S eculative Literary Journal Hollins University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.hollins.edu/cyborg Part of the Fiction Commons, Higher Education Commons, and the Literature in English, North America Commons Recommended Citation Hollins University, "The yC borg Griffin: a Speculative Literary Journal" (2014). Cyborg Griffin: a Speculative Fiction Literary Journal. 3. https://digitalcommons.hollins.edu/cyborg/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Hollins Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cyborg Griffin: a Speculative Fiction Literary Journal by an authorized administrator of Hollins Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Volume IV 2014 The Cyborg Griffin A Speculative Fiction Literary Journal Hollins University ©2014 Tributes Editors Emily Catedral Grace Gorski Katharina Johnson Sarah Landauer Cynthia Romero Editing Staff Rachel Carleton AnneScott Draughon Kacee Eddinger Sheralee Fielder Katie Hall Hadley James Maura Lydon Michelle Mangano Laura Metter Savannah Seiler Jade Soisson-Thayer Taylor Walker Kara Wright Special Thanks to: Jeanne Larsen, Copperwing, Circuit Breaker, and Cyberbyte 2 Table of Malcontents Cover Design © Katie Hall Title Page Image © Taylor Hurley The Machine Princess Hadley James .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • For Those in Need
    Neighborhood Health Clinic Hope and Healing for Those in Need 2014 Annual Report Board of Directors Dear Friends of the Neighborhood Health Clinic, As my term as Chair of the Board of Directors comes to a close, I can’t help but reflect on the amazing progress the Clinic continues to Officers make in our effort to provide quality health care to the working yet uninsured adults in our community. My fellow volunteer Board members George W. Ferguson MD provide tremendous energy, experience and commitment to the Chair Clinic’s mission as we look to fulfill both short and long term strategic Thomas C. Brick DMD needs necessary to continue quality medical and dental care. Secretary Thanks to your philanthropic support, the Clinic has proceeded to C. Michael Armstrong make changes to improve the care we provide to our patients. These Treasurer initiatives are supported by the Board of Directors as needs are identified John P. Cardillo Esq. and presented by our Chief Executive Officer, Leslie Lascheid, and the Board’s supporting committees. Chair-Elect Craig J. Eichler MD Many of you are aware that in spite of great efforts to improve the efficiency of our existing building, the Clinic is unable to meet the Member-At-Large medical and dental needs of our existing patients because of space limitations, let alone provide care to thousands more identified in a Directors Hodges University Assessment study done a few years ago. With this in Joseph S. Davis mind, last summer the Board unanimously approved the purchase, with Paul O. Jones MD cash reserves and no debt, of approximately 2 acres of property to the south of the Clinic.
    [Show full text]
  • Opinions of Campers and Boaters at the Allegheny Reservoir
    Opinions of Campers and Boaters at the Allegheny Reservoir USDA FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH PAPER NE-307 1974 NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 6816 MARKET STREET, UPPER DARBY, PA. 19082 F. BRYAN CLARK, STATION DIRECTOR WEAUTHORS GEORGE H. MOELLER is a research forester with the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Sta- tion's research project at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York. He holds B.S. and M.S. degrees in forest economics from Southern Illinois University and studied social research methods at the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research. He joined the Forest Service in September, 1965, and has served at the Syracuse recreation project since March, 1968, RODNEY G. LARSON is the recreation staff officer on the Allegheny National Forest, ?Varren, Pennsylvania. He has a B.S. degree in Forestry Management from the University of Minnesota. His experience with the U.S. Forest Service since 1960 covers a range of resource management assignments in land use, land acquisition, administration, information and education, and outdoor recreation programs and planning. DOUGLAS A. MORRISON is a research associate with the School of Environmental and Resource Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. He holds a PhD. degree in resource management from the University of Oregon. Since joining the college in 1969, he has conducted research in the social and psychological principles gover~ingleisure behavior. The study reported here was carried out and funded as pa.rt of the graduate recreation studies program at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry at Syracuse, N.Y.
    [Show full text]
  • Red, Purple and Pink: the Colors of Diffusion on Pinterest
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Red, Purple and Pink: The Colors of Diffusion on Pinterest Saeideh Bakhshi1*, Eric Gilbert2 1 HCI Research Group, Yahoo Labs, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 College of Computing, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America * [email protected] Abstract Many lab studies have shown that colors can evoke powerful emotions and impact human behavior. Might these phenomena drive how we act online? A key research challenge for image-sharing communities is uncovering the mechanisms by which content spreads through the community. In this paper, we investigate whether there is link between color and diffusion. Drawing on a corpus of one million images crawled from Pinterest, we find OPEN ACCESS that color significantly impacts the diffusion of images and adoption of content on image Citation: Bakhshi S, Gilbert E (2015) Red, Purple sharing communities such as Pinterest, even after partially controlling for network structure and Pink: The Colors of Diffusion on Pinterest. PLoS and activity. Specifically, Red, Purple and pink seem to promote diffusion, while Green, ONE 10(2): e0117148. doi:10.1371/journal. Blue, Black and Yellow suppress it. To our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate pone.0117148 how colors relate to online user behavior. In addition to contributing to the research conver- Academic Editor: Simon J. Cropper, University of sation surrounding diffusion, these findings suggest future work using sophisticated com- Melbourne, AUSTRALIA puter vision techniques. We conclude with a discussion on the theoretical, practical and Received: March 17, 2014 design implications suggested by this work—e.g. design of engaging image filters.
    [Show full text]
  • Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [Full Text, Not Including Figures] J.L
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements Art July 2000 Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [full text, not including figures] J.L. Benson University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/art_jbgc Benson, J.L., "Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements [full text, not including figures]" (2000). Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements. 1. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/art_jbgc/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Greek Color Theory and the Four Elements by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cover design by Jeff Belizaire ABOUT THIS BOOK Why does earlier Greek painting (Archaic/Classical) seem so clear and—deceptively— simple while the latest painting (Hellenistic/Graeco-Roman) is so much more complex but also familiar to us? Is there a single, coherent explanation that will cover this remarkable range? What can we recover from ancient documents and practices that can objectively be called “Greek color theory”? Present day historians of ancient art consistently conceive of color in terms of triads: red, yellow, blue or, less often, red, green, blue. This habitude derives ultimately from the color wheel invented by J.W. Goethe some two centuries ago. So familiar and useful is his system that it is only natural to judge the color orientation of the Greeks on its basis. To do so, however, assumes, consciously or not, that the color understanding of our age is the definitive paradigm for that subject.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Bay Willow Bay These Conservation Areas, Located Within
    Sugar Bay Willow Bay These Conservation Areas, located within the Allegheny Reservoir, support several nesting pairs of osprey (Pandion haliaetus), a state threatened species. The Allegheny Reservoir, also known as Kinzua Lake, is a 12,000-acre impoundment that spans the border between Pennsylvania and New York. In Pennsylvania, the reservoir is completely surrounded by the Allegheny National Forest; and in New York State by Allegany State Park and the Allegany Indian Reservation of the Seneca Nation. The landscape surrounding the reservoir is entirely forested. The osprey is a Neotropical migrant bird species with a range that is widespread and increasing. Its main breeding range extends from northern Canada south to the Great Lakes states and along Atlantic and Gulf Coasts to Florida. More scattered populations breed along inland rivers and lakes. The species is considered imperiled within the state, although its population may be increasing due in part to active management by the Pennsylvania Game Commission. Habitat requirements for osprey vary between sites, but must include an adequate supply of accessible live fish within commuting distance of nest (10–20 km); shallow waters (0.5–2 meters deep) which generally provide the most accessible fish; and open nest sites free from predators (Poole et al. 2002). Reservoirs that provide ample expanses of shallow, clear water have ideal conditions for hunting. Like other fish-eating birds, osprey generally defend only nest sites, not feeding territories. Threats and Stresses Any factor that would decrease water quality of the lake would impact the nesting ospreys. Non- point source pollution from agricultural development upslope from the lake and timber harvesting within forested areas along the lake are the greatest threats to water quality.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Regular Meeting of the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors Was
    1 The regular meeting of the Botetourt County Board of Supervisors was held on Tuesday, February 25, 2014, in Rooms 226-228 of the Greenfield Education and Training Center in Dale- ville, Virginia, beginning at 2:00 P.M. PRESENT: Members: Dr. Donald L. Scothorn, Chairman Mr. L. W. Leffel, Jr., Vice-Chairman Mr. Billy W. Martin, Sr. Mr. John B. Williamson, III ABSENT: Members: Mr. Todd L. Dodson Others present at the meeting: Mr. David Moorman, Deputy County Administrator Mrs. Elizabeth Dillon, County Attorney Mrs. Kathleen D. Guzi, County Administrator The Chairman called the meeting to order at 2:01 P. M. and welcomed those present. He noted that Mr. Dodson was absent from today’s meeting due to a previous commitment. Dr. Scothorn then mentioned the major snowstorm which occurred in this area on Febru- ary 12 and 13. He noted that the citizens heeded the recommendation from emergency ser- vices and Sheriff’s personnel to not travel during the storm. Dr. Scothorn also commended the County’s paid and volunteer fire and emergency services personnel for their work during this storm which accumulated between 14” - 20” of snow. He also thanked the County Administrator and County staff for their preparatory work prior to the storm. Dr. Scothorn stated that there were many occurrences of neighbors, friends, and family offering assistance when individuals were stuck during the storm. Dr. Scothorn noted that this is what he calls “community” and it is found throughout the County. He noted that it is “what the people give, not what they get.” Dr.
    [Show full text]