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THE KING and I Educational Guide THE KING AND I Educational Guide Performance Dates September 5-11, 2012 A little bit of background about THE KING AND I In 1862, a 28-year old Englishwoman named Anna Leonowens was employed by King Mongkut of Siam to serve as governess and teacher to his 67 children. Mrs. Leonowens had first come to Asia after marrying a British Major in the Indian Army. Following her husband’s death in 1858, she remained in Siam for ten years. She wrote of her experiences in two books: The English Govrness at the Siamese Court and The Romance of the Harlem. Published in the 1870’s, both books were immediately and immensely popular, providing those in the western part of the world with significant new insights into Siam and its culture. In 1927, another woman from western world, American Margaret Landon, arrived in Siam. She was the wife of an American Presbyterian missionary and, like Mrs. Leonowens, was also an educator. She had taught English and Latin in Bear Lake, Michigan and for five years served as head mistress (or principal) of the Trang Girls School in Siam’s capitol city of Bangkok. It was during this time that she learned of Anna’s position in King Mongkut’s court and became fascinated with her books. The Landons returned to America in 1937 and two years later, Mrs. Landon began writing a novel based on the unusual relationship between Anna Leonowens and King Mongkut. It was a chance meeting, however, that really set Landon’s book on course. Her Husband was asked to speak at a luncheon for ministers in Evanston, Illinois where he met the Very Reverend Gerald G. Moore, whose mother happened to be a cousin of Anna Leonowens. When Mr. Landon told the gentleman that his wife is working on a book based on Anna’s experiences in Siam, the Rev. Moore immediately took him to meet his mother. She was then in her nineties but still remembered the day in 1867 when Anna Leonowens had visited her home in Ireland. Though the Moores, Mrs. Landon met Avia Fyshe, Anna’s granddaughter and the only one of her descendants interested in having Anna’s story told. Miss Fyshe supplied Mrs. Landon with family history, authorizing her to use the materials as pleased. Armed with this invaluable information, Margaret Landon was well on her way to capturing a wonderful and enduring story. Her biographical novel, Anna and the King of Siam, was published in 1944 and instantly became a worldwide best-seller. Seven years later, on March 29, 1951, Rodgers and Hammerstein’s classic musical The King and I, based upon the book, opened Broadway and became the hit of the season. The musical won five Tony Awards – Broadway’s highest honor – including Best Musical. It went on to run 1,246 performances, closing on May 6, 1956 as the 3rd longest running Broadway musical of all time. (At that time, two other musicals by Rodgers & Hammerstein – Oklahoma! and South Pacific – were, respectively, the longest and 2nd longest running Broadway musicals of all time.) Less than two months after closing on Broadway, the motion picture version of The King and I was released and proved a great success as well, receiving six Academy Awards©. Since then, The King and I has been produced of times throughout the world. It is important to remember that both Margaret Landon’s novel and the Rodgers & Hammerstein musical are works of fiction that are based upon real people and actual historical events. *Information provided by the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. Synopsis of THE KING AND I Anna Leonowens and her young son, Louis, have sailed from England and are just arriving in Siam’s capital city of Bangkok in 1862. They overcome their nervousness by whistling bravely (“I Whistle a Happy Tune”). The king’s executive officer, the Kralahome, arrives to escort them to their quarters in the Royal Palace. Anna insists that the king has promised her a house of her own but the Kralahome doubts the king will remember such a promise. Still, Anna is determined to get what she was promised. At the palace, a messenger from Burma, Lun Tha, has arrived with a gift from his prince to the King of Siam – a young slave girl, Tuptim. When Anna is presented to the king, she reminds him that he promised to provide her with a house. He avoids the confrontation by insisting that she meet his many children (The March of the Siamese Children”). A few weeks later, the king asks his son, Prince Chulalongkorn, about his studies. Chulalongkorn scoffs at Anna’s comparison of the world to a large ball because the Siamese believe the world rides on the back of a great turtle, When asked which is true, the king realizes there are many things of which hi is not sure (“A Puzzlement”). Ying recalls the school song Anna wrote for her students (“The Royal Bangkok Academy”). Anna tells her students – which now include many of the king’s wives – how much she is enjoying learning about them and their customs (“Getting to Know You”). During a geography lesson, she describes snow. Because Siam is a tropical climate and they have never seen snow, the students refuse to believe her until the king arrives and restores order. Anna again reminds him of the house she was promised and again he denies ever having made such a promise. Anna declares that she cannot stay in a country where a promise has no meaning, infuriating the king. That night, the king’s head wife, Lady Thiang, apologizes to Anna for the king’s behavior. He has learned that the British believe him to be a barbarian and he fears they will try to take Siam away from him. Lady Thiang convinces Anna that the king needs her help and that despite some of his old-fashioned ideas, he is a good-hearted man (“Something Wonderful”). Anna agrees to go to him. The king has learned that a British diplomat is on his way to Siam. Anna gently suggests that they entertain the diplomat in an especially gracious manner so as to prove he is not a barbarian. The king enthusiastically agrees, leading a prayer for Buddha’s blessing, the king agrees to give Anna a house of her own. On the evening they entertain the British diplomat, Anna discovers Lun Tha and Tuptim together. They are in love and planning to escape from Siam later that night. As part of the festivities planned for the diplomat, Tuptim has written a play based on Uncle Tom’s Cabin which she and the children perform (“The Small House of Uncle Thomas”). The evening is a great success and the diplomat returns to England, certain to give a favorable report of the king. When the king is informed that Lun Tha and Tuptim have run away, he is determined to punish them severely. Anna hopes the king won’t be too harsh on them and tries to explain what it’s like to be young and in love (“Shall We Dance?”). But when Tuptim is captured, the king prepares to whip her. Anna is horrified, accusing the king of being a barbarian after all and vowing to return to England immediately. Her words hurt the king deeply and in a tense moment, he throws down the whip, defeated. Anna and Louis are ready to board the ship for England when Lady Thiang arrives with a letter from the king. He is dying. They return for a final goodbye and the children plead with Anna not to leave. She realizes she must stay to continue the work she has begun. The increasingly weak king encourages Chulalongkorn to consider how he will rule when he is a king. Anna looks on with great pride as Chulalongkorn proposes changing certain outdated customs. The king dies silently and everyone bows to the next King of Siam. *Information provided by the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. The King and I Study Guide By Amy Simpson “Our story begins in 1862.” A Timeline of World Events In The King and I… In the U.S. and Around the World… 1851 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mongkut becomes Second Anglo-Burmese War King Rama IV 1853 Napolean III Rules France Pierce elected U.S. President Crimean War begins 1854 Commodore Perry signs U.S. treaty with Japan U.S. Republican Party formed 1856 Buchanan elected U.S. President Crimean War ends 1857 Indian mutiny against British 1858 British monarch takes direct rule of India 1860 Lincoln elected U.S. President South Carolina secedes from Union 1861 Confederate States of America formed Civil War begins First Battle of Bull Run Albert, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria, dies 1862 1862 Second Battle of Bull Run Anna Leonowens 1863 Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation arrives in Siam Confederates defeated at Gettysburg Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address 1864 Lincoln re-elected U.S. President General Sherman marches through Georgia 1865 Confederate States surrender at Appomatox Lincoln assassinated, Andrew Johnson becomes U.S. President Thirteenth Amendment abolishes slavery 1868 1868 Grant elected U.S. President King Mongkut dies of malaria, Prince Chulalongkorn becomes King Rama V *Information provided by the Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization. The King and I As Musical The King and I was first produced on It was written by the famous Broadway in 1952. musical writing team Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein: 3 2 In 1952, The King and I won the Tony Awards for Best Musical, Best Actress, Best Featured Actor, Best Scenic and Costume Design.
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