Tree Roots: Facts and Fallacies
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Tree Planting Guide
City of Bellingham Tree Planting Guide This guide provides you with resources for planting trees in the city. Using the right tree in the right place, and maintaining it correctly will provide healthy, beautiful trees whose benefits can be enjoyed by the community for many years. Why plant trees? ....................... page 1 Get a Street Tree Permit First.... page 2 Check the Site & Choose the Right Tree……........ page 3 Plant it Right………………...……page 4 Four trees are removed for every one planted in most American cities. Help it Grow ……...……………… pg 5 & 6 A single large average tree absorbs 26 pounds of CO2 per year. Resources………………………… pg 6 Each vehicle spews out approximately 100 pounds of CO2 per year. Why Plant Trees? Trees in an urban area increase quality of life by: Air quality and cleansing - A typical person uses 386 lb. of oxygen per year. A healthy 32 ft. tall ash tree can produce about 260 lb. of oxygen annually. Two of these trees would supply the oxygen needs of a person each year! Improved water quality - The canopy of a street tree intercepts rain, reducing the amount of water that will fall on pavement and then be removed by a storm water system. Heating & Cooling Costs - A mature tree canopy reduces air temperatures by about 5 to 10° F, influencing the internal temperatures of nearby buildings. Trees divert wind in the winter and increase winter-time temperatures. Increased home sales prices - When homes with equivalent features are evaluated, a 6% increase to the value is associated with nearby trees. Soil Stabilization - Tree roots stabilize soil, helping to minimize erosion. -
Branching in Nature Jennifer Welborn Amherst Regional Middle School, [email protected]
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Patterns Around Us STEM Education Institute 2017 Branching in Nature Jennifer Welborn Amherst Regional Middle School, [email protected] Wayne Kermenski Hawlemont Regional School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/stem_patterns Part of the Biology Commons, Physics Commons, Science and Mathematics Education Commons, and the Teacher Education and Professional Development Commons Welborn, Jennifer and Kermenski, Wayne, "Branching in Nature" (2017). Patterns Around Us. 2. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/stem_patterns/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the STEM Education Institute at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Patterns Around Us by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Patterns Around Us: Branching in Nature Teacher Resource Page Part A: Introduction to Branching Massachusetts Frameworks Alignment—The Nature of Science • Overall, the key criterion of science is that it provide a clear, rational, and succinct account of a pattern in nature. This account must be based on data gathering and analysis and other evidence obtained through direct observations or experiments, reflect inferences that are broadly shared and communicated, and be accompanied by a model that offers a naturalistic explanation expressed in conceptual, mathematical, and/or mechanical terms. Materials: -
Strategies for Growing a High‐Quality Root System, Trunk, and Crown in a Container Nursery
Strategies for Growing a High‐Quality Root System, Trunk, and Crown in a Container Nursery Companion publication to the Guideline Specifications for Nursery Tree Quality Table of Contents Introduction Section 1: Roots Defects ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Liner Development ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Root Ball Management in Larger Containers .......................................................................................... 6 Root Distribution within Root Ball .............................................................................................................. 10 Depth of Root Collar ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Section 2: Trunk Temporary Branches ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Straight Trunk ...................................................................................................................................................... 13 Section 3: Crown Central Leader ......................................................................................................................................................14 Heading and Re‐training -
Current U.S. Forest Data and Maps
CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA AND MAPS Forest age FIA MapMaker CURRENT U.S. Forest ownership TPO Data FOREST DATA Timber harvest AND MAPS Urban influence Forest covertypes Top 10 species Return to FIA Home Return to FIA Home NEXT Productive unreserved forest area CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA (timberland) in the U.S. by region and AND MAPS stand age class, 2002 Return 120 Forests in the 100 South, where timber production West is highest, have 80 s the lowest average age. 60 Northern forests, predominantly Million acreMillion South hardwoods, are 40 of slightly older in average age and 20 Western forests have the largest North concentration of 0 older stands. 1-19 20-39 40-59 60-79 80-99 100- 120- 140- 160- 200- 240- 280- 320- 400+ 119 139 159 199 240 279 319 399 Stand-age Class (years) Return to FIA Home Source: National Report on Forest Resources NEXT CURRENT U.S. FOREST DATA Forest ownership AND MAPS Return Eastern forests are predominantly private and western forests are predominantly public. Industrial forests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. Timber harvest by county FOREST DATA AND MAPS Return Timber harvests are concentrated in Maine, the Lake States, the lower South and Pacific Northwest regions. The South is the largest timber producing region in the country accounting for nearly 62% of all U.S. timber harvest. Source: National Report on Forest Resources Return to FIA Home NEXT CURRENT U.S. -
Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species. -
Perspectives of Branching Pattern and Branching Density in 30 Woody Trees and Shrubs in Tamulipan Thornscrub, Northeast of Mexic
rch: O ea pe es n A R t c s c Maiti et al., Forest Res 2015, 4:4 e e r s o s Forest Research F Open Access DOI: 10.4172/2168-9776.1000160 ISSN: 2168-9776 Research Article Open Access Perspectives of Branching Pattern and Branching Density in 30 Woody Trees and Shrubs in Tamulipan Thornscrub, Northeast of Mexico Maiti R1*, Rodriguez HGM1, Aruna Kumari2 and Díaz JCG1 1Faculty of Forestry, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Carr. Nac. No. 85 Km. 45, Linares, Nuevo Leon 67700, México 2Agricultural College, Telangana State Agricultural University, Polasa, Jagtial, Karimnagar, Telangana, India Abstract In the context of the ecological perspectives, there is growing attention in the modelling of the morphological structure of the plants for developing the model of the functional processes of plants. The branching pattern functions as solar panel in the capture of solar radiation for the production of biomass and timber. The present study undertaken with the objective of determining the density of branching and types of branching of 30 tree species (trees and shrubs of Tamaulipan thorn scrub such; Helietta parvifolia, Sargentia gregii, Guaiacum angustifolium, Ebenopsis ebano, Harvadia pallens, Condalia hoockeri, Zanthoxylum fagara, Cordia boissieri, Acacia berlandieri, Diospyros texana, Celtis pallida, Forestiera angustifolia, Diospyros palmeri, Parkinsonia texana, Acacia farnesiana, Sideroxylon celastrina, Caesalpinia mexicana, Karwinskia humboldtiana, Croton suaveolens, Amyris texana, Leucaena leucocephala, Ehretia anacua, Gymnosperma glutinosum, Celtis laevigata, Acacia rigidula, Acacia shaffneri, Eysenhardtia polystachya, Prosopis laevigata, Bernardia myricifolia and Leucophyllum frutescens located at the experimental field of Forest Science Faculty of Autónoma de Nuevo en Linares, N.L., México has shown a large variability in the density and branching patterns. -
Tree Identification Guide
2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 1 Tree Rowan Elder Beech Whitebeam Cherry Willow Identification Guide Sorbus aucuparia Sambucus nigra Fagus sylvatica Sorbus aria Prunus species Salix species This guide can be used for the OPAL Tree Health Survey and OPAL Air Survey Oak Ash Quercus species Fraxinus excelsior Maple Hawthorn Hornbeam Crab apple Birch Poplar Acer species Crataegus monogyna Carpinus betulus Malus sylvatica Betula species Populus species Horse chestnut Sycamore Aesculus hippocastanum Acer pseudoplatanus London Plane Sweet chestnut Hazel Lime Elm Alder Platanus x acerifolia Castanea sativa Corylus avellana Tilia species Ulmus species Alnus species 2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 1 Tree Rowan Elder Beech Whitebeam Cherry Willow Identification Guide Sorbus aucuparia Sambucus nigra Fagus sylvatica Sorbus aria Prunus species Salix species This guide can be used for the OPAL Tree Health Survey and OPAL Air Survey Oak Ash Quercus species Fraxinus excelsior Maple Hawthorn Hornbeam Crab apple Birch Poplar Acer species Crataegus montana Carpinus betulus Malus sylvatica Betula species Populus species Horse chestnut Sycamore Aesculus hippocastanum Acer pseudoplatanus London Plane Sweet chestnut Hazel Lime Elm Alder Platanus x acerifolia Castanea sativa Corylus avellana Tilia species Ulmus species Alnus species 2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 2 ‹ ‹ Start here Is the leaf at least -
Cant Hooks Pike Poles Peavies Log Jacks Timber Carriers Skidding
Cant Hooks Pike Poles Peavies Log Jacks Timber Carriers Skidding Tongs Lifting Tongs Hookaroons Firefighting Tools Rigging Hardware Transportation Products Hoists q q In February of 1910 William, Emil ofTable Contents and Fred Stocker came to Chattanooga, Tennessee from Saginaw, Michigan to escape the cold North winters. 1 Handled Tools Blacksmiths by trade, the brothers were drawn to the South by its growing timber Cant Hooks 3 industry and the abundance of strong Peavies 4 Hickory wood for tool handles. Hookaroons 5 That year the brothers incorporated Dixie Pike Poles 6 Logging Tool Company at the corner of Log Jack 7 13th Street & Greenwood Ave.- the forging Timber Carrier 7 plant still operates on that site to this day. Mill Rakes & Brooms 7 Through booms, depression, recessions and two World Wars, Dixie Industries has 1 Tongs provided the forestry and logging industry with quality tools for 100 years. Skidding 8 q Logger Style 8 Why Dixie chooses only Hickory Timber Lifting 9 Hickory is the hardest and strongest wood found in North America. Well known for its Alloy Lifting 9 strength and shock resistant properties, hickory is extremely tough, resilient, even textured, 1 Tractor Rigging 10 very hard and rated only moderately heavy— providing excellent strength-to-weight ratios. 1 Woodworking 11 Hickory's abundance for commercial availability is 2.2% of total U.S. hardwoods. Handles made 1 Miscellaneous 12 of Hickory will outlast and out-perform other hardwoods for years of reliable service. 1 Transportation Products 13–16 Maple, also a hardwood, has good strength properties, but dries slowly with high shrinkage 1 Hoists 17 and can be susceptible to movement in performance. -
Homeowner's Tree Planting Guide
Check out this thorough and useful “how to plant your trees” resource: www.arborday.org/trees/planting/ 1. Choose the Right Place 1. Mulch Look in all directions and account for the future development of Mulch can improve soil structure, increase organic matter & soil your tree. This includes identifying your tree species and allowing biology, reduce soil proper space for mature growth of your tree. compaction & • Account for realistic spacing amongst other vegetation erosion, and • Avoid planting near power lines or too close to structures conserve moisture Trees can only benefit future generations if they are given the levels within the soil. opportunity to sustainably develop and mature. Choosing the Cover the area right tree in the right place ensures there is a productive future around the tree with for your new planting as well as avoiding an undesirable future approximately 2- removal. 4inches of mulch. Avoid letting the 2. Remove Container/ Basket mulch rub against the Root mass is fragile so take concern to handle it gently trunk. Create a water • Carefully slide tree out of the container or cut wire holding swell above basket (if B&B) the root ball. • Straighten out and prune any girdling roots/ root mats • Dig out to trunk flare if necessary 2. Water Nursery grown trees often have circling roots. It is important to New trees are like babies- they need extra help and extra mitigate this problem during the planting phase. Roots are the attention during their early years. So, water your tree anchor, storage and nutrient providers of the tree. thoroughly after planting! Provide extra water within the first few weeks of establishment. -
Tree Life History Strategies: the Role of Defenses
For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. Can. J. For. Res. Downloaded from www.nrcresearchpress.com by Virginia Tech Univ Lib on 06/06/17 For personal use only. -
Northeastern Loggers Handrook
./ NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS HANDROOK U. S. Deportment of Agricnitnre Hondbook No. 6 r L ii- ^ y ,^--i==â crk ■^ --> v-'/C'^ ¿'x'&So, Âfy % zr. j*' i-.nif.*- -^«L- V^ UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE HANDBOOK NO. 6 JANUARY 1951 NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK by FRED C. SIMMONS, logging specialist NORTHEASTERN FOREST EXPERIMENT STATION FOREST SERVICE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE - - - WASHINGTON, D. C, 1951 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price 75 cents Preface THOSE who want to be successful in any line of work or business must learn the tricks of the trade one way or another. For most occupations there is a wealth of published information that explains how the job can best be done without taking too many knocks in the hard school of experience. For logging, however, there has been no ade- quate source of information that could be understood and used by the man who actually does the work in the woods. This NORTHEASTERN LOGGERS' HANDBOOK brings to- gether what the young or inexperienced woodsman needs to know about the care and use of logging tools and about the best of the old and new devices and techniques for logging under the conditions existing in the northeastern part of the United States. Emphasis has been given to the matter of workers' safety because the accident rate in logging is much higher than it should be. Sections of the handbook have previously been circulated in a pre- liminary edition. Scores of suggestions have been made to the author by logging operators, equipment manufacturers, and professional forest- ers. -
Archaeological Perspectives of the Lumber Industry in Northern Lower Michigan, 1865-1920
Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 4-1984 Archaeological Perspectives of the Lumber Industry in Northern Lower Michigan, 1865-1920 Rebecca Ellen Dinsmore Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Dinsmore, Rebecca Ellen, "Archaeological Perspectives of the Lumber Industry in Northern Lower Michigan, 1865-1920" (1984). Master's Theses. 1505. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1505 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE LUMBER INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN, 1865-1920 by Rebecca Ellen Dinsmore A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan April 1985 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ARCHAEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF THE LUMBER INDUSTRY IN NORTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN, 1865-1920 Rebecca Ellen Dinsmore, M.A. Western Michigan University, 1985 In an attempt to generate predictive statements about site structure and location, the nature of lumber industry development is examined through historical and environmental relationships between logging sites, early logging methods, transportation technology, and the presettlement forest as reconstructed from the original General Land Office surveyor field notes and plats. Eighteen historic logging sites recorded on the Huron National Forest and within the Au Sable River watershed comprise the data set.