3D Designable Gel as an Advanced Functional Material - Digitalization of Engineering Matter based on 3D Printing and Scanning-
Hidemitsu Furukawa Chair of Life-3D Prin ng Innova on Center (LPIC) PI of So & Wet ma er Engineering Lab (SWEL) Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Yamagata University
E-mail: [email protected] http://furukawa.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp Twitter: @gelmitsu Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/swelbook http://www.facebook.com/lpicbook •Bathtub contains pre-gel solu on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). •The minute fabrica on is made by UV irradia on thru op cal fiber. •Free shape fabrica on is done by 3-dimen onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, 1002-1006 (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013. 3 Human looks a swollen gel
2/3 of Water
Human expressed Human expressed in in a water content the network of gels. Living bodies are made from soft organisms except skeletons (bone, teeth, shell, etc.)
Examples: blood vessel, muscle cartilage, tendon, ligament, etc.
The soft organisms contain 50~80% of water. They are soft & wet materials. Specific functions of soft and wet organs Joint cartilage Blood vessel 〇 Shock absorb Penetration 〇 Lubrication 〇 Lubrication 〇 Low frictional
coefcient ~0.001 ⇒Exchange of
materials ⇒Smooth motion
Previous artificial organs have been made from Hard & Dry Materials: These functions cannot be worked. Artificial Joint Artificial Vessel Shock absorb × Penetration × Lubrication △ Lubrication △
⇒Limitation of motion ⇒Thrombus (Blood clot) DNゲル : 世界一強い高含水材料�
Water Content 90% Breaking Compression 40MPa J. P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada, Adv. Mater. 15, 1155 (2003) DN gels’ fracture energy is 1,000 times higher ＜1st＞ PAMPS ＜2nd＞ PAAm
Water content ~ 90% Electrolyte ( rigid & brittle ） Compress fracture stress: 10-40MPa Neutral ( soft & ductile ) (Can compare with cartilage in joint)
PAMPS gel ＋ PAAm gel = DN gel
Fracture energy Fracture energy Fracture energy 2 2 ~1J/m2 ＋ 10J/m ≠ 100～1000J/m
J.-P. Gong,Cannot Y. Katsuyama, be explained T. Kurokawa, based Y. Osada, on Adv.the Mater.previous 15, 1155 theories (2003) Figure out: Low frictional Tough gels
Both Toughness 40MPa~400kgf/cm2 and Low Friction µ≒10-4 means…
1cm2 of the gel sheets 400kg withstatnds 400kg weight and move it by 40g force! 40g
1cm This situation corresponds to that of knee joint cartilage in our body. 10 Biocompatibility of ＤＮ Gels
Before Operation After Operation
Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of rabbit in 6 weeks: No change in appearance
Artificial Cartilage
4 weeks
No inflammation and No degeneration DN gels can be applied for artificial cartilage. Prof. MD. K. Yasuda (Medical department of Hokkaido Univ.) Cartilage Joint
Bone
How to fabricate the intricate structure between gel and solid? 12 Direc on of Collagen Fiber Photo from www.echt2.com on the web Cross sec on of Car lage on Bone Cu ng Difficulty Bri le
Unstable Too so to mold Shape
We could not use traditional manufacturing!
14 •Bathtub contains pre-gel solu on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). •The minute fabrica on is made by UV irradia on thru op cal fiber. •Free shape fabrica on is done by 3-dimen onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, 1002-1006 (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013. Particle-DN gel
st Particle of 1 gel Printed High-strength gel
Gelled by Local UV irradiation
Bathtub in the printer
Pregel solution of swollen 1st gel particle in 2nd monomer solution 3D-CAD data 3D Gel Printer 1) If we print blood vessel,… Coil Stopper Surgery in Head (動脈瘤) Transparent gel modeling makes head surgery safe and effective!
Printed blood vessel
2) If we print gel Improved! foods,… Make them 17 beau ful 17 3-D Technologies for Gels
Hardware Software
・開発用2機、 ・テストユース用2機 (山形大・KSP) ・デバッグ用1機 (サンアロー佐渡)
Dispenser Type Bathtub Type 3D Modeling Software for Designable Gel
3D Gel Printer Simulation of Gel Laminates（粒子法）
Gel Ink Gel Scanner SPH Method：Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 18 3-D Objects Made of Designable Gels High Resolution
Finger-Model Intraocular Lens 3D Printing for Soft & High transparent Gels
Cylinders φD:200μｍ・H:200μｍ 19 ResearchLineup ofBackground High-Strength Gels, Invented in Japan 2001 2002 2003 Slide Ring Gel Nanocomposite Gel Double-Network gel
Okumura and Ito Haraguchi Kurokawa, Gong, et al.
2008 2010 2011 Tetra-PEG gel Aqua Material Inter-Crosslink Network Gel
Sakai, et al. Aida, et al. Furukawa, Takada, et al. Different approach: To make different structures! 21 H. Furukawa, et al., Chem. Le . (2012)
23 Expansion of Scanning Area
Inverted Microscope+ Automa c Posi oning System
Mul -laser Line Mul -laser Source Red Laser Transmi ed Incident 671[nm] Green Laser 532[nm] Reflected Blue Laser Half Mirrors 473[nm] Gel Duplicator
3D Shape and Modulus data
Modulus Both Shape and So ness can be duplicated! Our Next Project: Gel-Dup
Gel (Soft Matter)
Scanning
Modeling Gel-CT （Structural Analysis 3D Gel-Duplicator Device of Internal Structure）
Sending SWIM-ER Mesh Size Data （The World-First 3D Gel Printer） Shape memory Jelly for Kids Festival27 27 28
Edible! Safe 28 Science Festival at Yamagata U. July 27, 2013 29
REUSE of unused fruits Local Charactor
Grandkids Grand Parents
Sending
『Remote Cooking』 3D Printing Hierarchical Structure Human Feeling Society
Item, Product Digitaliza on Digi zed Applica on
Digital Fabrica on (3D Prin ng) Digitaliza on Digitalized Materials
It will implement Digital Platform like Operating System to Material Engineering Open Innovation Network on Advanced 3D Printing Technologies
2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2020 2023
・Car, Electro Low for copyright and medical applications ・Tissue Engineering ・Medical、Bio
Market ・ Life Free from mass production Personalized Manufacturing with High Value
Model, Toy Level Multi Material Molecular Nano-scale Printer Composites
App 3D Nano-Printer st Many 1 Gen Companies Material Molecular Controlled Recycle Recycle Networking Related Technology Chemistry Develop Composite Multi Material 3D Printing 2nd Gen 3D Printing Molecular Advanced Composite Material Manufacturing Mfg 3rd Gen Selection Rese arch Research for Molecular Manufacturing Synthesis of Novel Materials in 3D Printer
Collaborating Research with Green Chemistry
Phone → Cellar phone → Smart phone Postal mail → Facsimile → E-Mail Money → Credit Card → E-Money Gel → 3D Gel Printer → E-Gel? 35 Case of Period 3D Printer Personal Computer
Word Processor Enterprise 3D Printer Early Stage →30 min for A4 print →Several hr to 3D Print
Grow and Personal Computer Personal 3D Printer Spread →30 sec for A4 print →Several 10 min
Become Windows/DOS-V Standard 3D Printer Common →3 sec for A4 print →Several min Smart wear, Change and iPhone, iPad 20y Transformable robots Decay →No need to print 40y →No need to 3D print