3D Designable Gel! as an Advanced Functional Material! - Digitalization of Engineering Matter ! based on 3D Printing and Scanning- Hidemitsu Furukawa Chair of Life-3D Prin0ng Innova0on Center (LPIC) PI of So8 & Wet ma<er Engineering Lab (SWEL) Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Yamagata University E-mail: [email protected] http://furukawa.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp Twitter: @gelmitsu Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/swelbook http://www.facebook.com/lpicbook •Bathtub contains pre-gel solu3on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). •The minute fabricaon is made by UV irradiaon thru op3cal fiber. •Free shape fabricaon is done by 3-dimen3onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, 1002-1006 (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013. 3 Human looks a swollen gel 2/3 of Water Human expressed Human expressed in in a water content the network of gels. Living bodies are made from soft organisms except skeletons (bone, teeth, shell, etc.) Examples: blood vessel, muscle cartilage, tendon, ligament, etc. The soft organisms contain 50~80% of water. They are soft & wet materials. Specific functions of soft and wet organs Joint cartilage Blood vessel 〇 Shock absorb Penetration 〇 Lubrication 〇 Lubrication 〇 Low frictional coefcient ~0.001 ⇒Exchange of materials ⇒Smooth motion Previous artificial organs have been made from Hard & Dry Materials: These functions cannot be worked. Artificial Joint Artificial Vessel Shock absorb × Penetration × Lubrication △ Lubrication △ ⇒Limitation of motion ⇒Thrombus (Blood clot) DNゲル : 世界一強い高含水材料� Water Content 90% Breaking Compression 40MPa J. P. Gong, Y. Katsuyama, T. Kurokawa, Y. Osada, Adv. Mater. 15, 1155 (2003) DN gels’ fracture energy is 1,000 times higher ＜1st＞ PAMPS ＜2nd＞ PAAm Water content ~ 90% Electrolyte ( rigid & brittle ） Compress fracture stress: 10-40MPa Neutral ( soft & ductile ) (Can compare with cartilage in joint) PAMPS gel ＋ PAAm gel = DN gel Fracture energy Fracture energy Fracture energy 2 2 ~1J/m2 ＋ 10J/m ≠ 100～1000J/m J.-P. Gong,Cannot Y. Katsuyama, be explained T. Kurokawa, based Y. Osada, on Adv.the Mater.previous 15, 1155 theories (2003) Figure out: Low frictional Tough gels Both Toughness 40MPa~400kgf/cm2 and Low Friction µ≒10-4 means… 1cm2 of the gel sheets 400kg withstatnds 400kg weight and move it by 40g force! 40g 1cm This situation corresponds to that of knee joint cartilage in our body. 10 Biocompatibility of ＤＮ Gels Before Operation After Operation Embedded in subcutaneous tissue of rabbit in 6 weeks: No change in appearance Artificial Cartilage 4 weeks No inflammation and No degeneration DN gels can be applied for artificial cartilage. Prof. MD. K. Yasuda (Medical department of Hokkaido Univ.) Cartilage Joint Bone How to fabricate the intricate structure between gel and solid? 12 Direc3on of Collagen Fiber Photo from www.echt2.com on the web Cross secon of Car3lage on Bone Cu)ng Difficulty Brile Unstable Too so to mold Shape We could not use traditional manufacturing! 14 •Bathtub contains pre-gel solu3on of tough hydrogels (water > 90%). •The minute fabricaon is made by UV irradiaon thru op3cal fiber. •Free shape fabricaon is done by 3-dimen3onal scanning the fiber. R. Hidema, K. Sugita, H. Furukwa, Trans. J. Soc. Mech. Eng. (A), 77, 1002-1006 (2011) H. Muroi, J. Gong, H. Furukawa, J. Solid Mech. Mater. Eng., 2013. Particle-DN gel st Particle of 1 gel Printed High-strength gel Gelled by Local UV irradiation Bathtub in the printer Pregel solution of swollen 1st gel particle in 2nd monomer solution 3D-CAD data 3D Gel Printer 1) If we print blood vessel,… Coil Stopper Surgery in Head (動脈瘤) Transparent gel modeling makes head surgery safe and effective! Printed blood vessel 2) If we print gel Improved! foods,… Make them 17 beau3ful 17 3-D Technologies for Gels Hardware Software ・開発用2機、 ・テストユース用2機 (山形大・KSP) ・デバッグ用1機 (サンアロー佐渡) Dispenser Type Bathtub Type 3D Modeling Software for Designable Gel 3D Gel Printer Simulation of Gel Laminates（粒子法） Gel Ink Gel Scanner SPH Method：Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics 18 3-D Objects Made of Designable Gels High Resolution Finger-Model Intraocular Lens 3D Printing for Soft & High transparent Gels Cylinders φD:200μｍ・H:200μｍ 19 ResearchLineup ofBackground High-Strength Gels, Invented in Japan 2001 2002 2003 Slide Ring Gel Nanocomposite Gel Double-Network gel Okumura and Ito Haraguchi Kurokawa, Gong, et al. 2008 2010 2011 Tetra-PEG gel Aqua Material Inter-Crosslink Network Gel Sakai, et al. Aida, et al. Furukawa, Takada, et al. Different approach: To make different structures! 21 H. Furukawa, et al., Chem. LeR. (2012) 23 Expansion of Scanning Area Inverted Microscope+ Automac Posi3oning System MulK-laser Line MulK-laser Source Red Laser Transmied Incident 671[nm] Green Laser 532[nm] Reflected Blue Laser Half Mirrors 473[nm] Gel Duplicator 3D Shape and Modulus data Modulus Both Shape and Soness can be duplicated! Our Next Project: Gel-Dup Gel (Soft Matter) Scanning Modeling Gel-CT （Structural Analysis 3D Gel-Duplicator Device of Internal Structure） Sending SWIM-ER Mesh Size Data （The World-First 3D Gel Printer） Shape memory Jelly for Kids Festival27 27 28 Edible! Safe 28 Science Festival at Yamagata U. July 27, 2013 29 REUSE of unused fruits Local Charactor Grandkids Grand Parents Sending 『Remote Cooking』 3D Printing Hierarchical Structure Human Feeling Society Item, Product Digitalizaon Digi3zed Applicaon Digital Fabricaon (3D Prin3ng) Digitalizaon Digitalized Materials It will implement Digital Platform like Operating System to Material Engineering Open Innovation Network on Advanced 3D Printing Technologies 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2020 2023 ・Car, Electro Low for copyright and medical applications ・Tissue Engineering ・Medical、Bio Market ・ Life Free from mass production Personalized Manufacturing with High Value Model, Toy Level Multi Material Molecular Nano-scale Printer Composites App 3D Nano-Printer st Many 1 Gen Companies Material Molecular Controlled Recycle Recycle Networking Related Technology Chemistry Develop Composite Multi Material 3D Printing 2nd Gen 3D Printing Molecular Advanced Composite Material Manufacturing Mfg 3rd Gen Selection Rese arch Research for Molecular Manufacturing Synthesis of Novel Materials in 3D Printer Collaborating Research with Green Chemistry Phone → Cellar phone → Smart phone Postal mail → Facsimile → E-Mail Money → Credit Card → E-Money Gel → 3D Gel Printer → E-Gel? 35 Case of Period 3D Printer Personal Computer Word Processor Enterprise 3D Printer Early Stage →30 min for A4 print →Several hr to 3D Print Grow and Personal Computer Personal 3D Printer Spread →30 sec for A4 print →Several 10 min Become Windows/DOS-V Standard 3D Printer Common →3 sec for A4 print →Several min Smart wear, Change and iPhone, iPad 20y Transformable robots Decay →No need to print 40y →No need to 3D print .