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Diary of Andrew Hay of Craignethan, 1659-60

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Diary of Andrew Hay of Craignethan, 1659-60 %c%. b°) PUBLICATIONS OF THE SCOTTISH HISTORY SOCIETY VOLUME XXXIX HAY OF CRAIGNETHANS DIARY November 1901 V THE DIARY OF ANDREW HAY OF CRAIGNETHAN 1659-1660 Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by ALEXANDER GEORGE REID E.S.A. SCOT. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DIARY INDEX INTRODUCTION John Hay, third Lord Yester, by his second wife, the daughter and heiress of John Dickson of Smithfield, had a son, the Hon. John, who succeeded to the estate of Smithfield. He was succeeded in that estate by his eldest surviving son, Thomas, who died in 1570. From Thomas the Smithfield branch of the Hays was descended. John Hay, the third son of the Hon. John Hay of Smith- field, married Marion Kerr, and acquired the lands of Kings- meadows. His eldest son, Andrew, married Janet Hay, and bought in 1635 the lands of Henderstoun, which he renamed Haystoun. He died in 1655, leaving two sons, John, who succeeded him in the estate of Haystoun, and Andrew, the writer of the Diary. Andrew Hay appears not to have embraced any profession. He is invariably designed as Mr. Andrew Hay from having taken the degree of Master of Arts. It is clear from the Diary that he was well acquainted with legal forms, and that he was frequently applied to for advice in legal matters. He may have been bred to that profession ; though, unlike his brother, who was one of the clerks of Council and Session, he did not carry it out, but preferred to live the life of a country gentle- man, which he was enabled to do by the patrimony received from his father and the dowry got with his wife. Mr. Andrew Hay married Mary, daughter of Sir James Maxwell of Calderwood, by his marriage with Lady Mar- garet Cunningham, daughter of James, seventh Earl of Glen- cairn, and relict of Sir James Hamilton of Evandale. Lady viii ANDREW HAY’S DIARY Margaret’s sister was Ann, Marchioness of Hamilton. Mrs. Hay was thus a niece of the Marchioness, and a cousin of her daughter Ann, Duchess of Hamilton. The Diary now published from the autograph manuscript in the editor’s possession, which commences on the 1st of May 1659, and ends on the 31st January 1660, is merely the fifth of a series. It is to be regretted that the previous and suc- ceeding volumes of the series are wanting. Perhaps they are still in existence and lying unobserved in some repository. The volume is an interesting record of the daily life of a Scottish gentleman of the period. From the time of his rising in the morning until his retiring to bed after secret and family duty, every action of the day seems to have been faithfully recorded. From his position in life he was on terms of intimacy with many of the leaders both ecclesiastical and civil in that eventful period. He was evidently a well meaning though somewhat credulous and timorous man, anxious and careful to do his duty both to God and man. There is a naivete and simplicity in the narrative of his daily avocations, feelings, and aspirations, which cannot fail to charm the reader, as vividly and minutely depicting the daily life in the seven- teenth century. The iron rule of Cromwell, while it effectually curbed and controlled parties in Scotland and laid prostrate contending factions, proved most beneficent to the country, which for a period enjoyed a breathing time unknown for long before. Agriculture advanced, trade and manufactures improved and extended, the laws were faithfully and impar- tially administered, and the most intolerant believer in Pres- bytery could not complain that he was hampered in the full exercise of his worship, or debarred from the expression of his opinions. Although General Assemblies were prohibited, other church courts were not hindered from holding their sittings and exercising their power and influence in the daily conduct of life. Released from the trammels of patronage, the parishioners through the Kirk Sessions exercised the INTRODUCTION ix coveted privilege of choosing their own pastors, who afforded them in no stinted measure the ordinances of religion. The Scottish people might have felt galled at submission to the inevitable yoke, but at the same time they must have seen—in contrast with previous years when under the dominion of the crown—the improved conditions in which they lived. This peaceful and prosperous state, however, was on the eve of being changed. To the stem and warlike Oliver succeeded his gentle and irresolute son. Restless spirits soon saw their opportunity, and while Mr. Andrew Hay was quietly entering in his Diary the commonplace occurrences of every day life, the air was full of that desire for change which resulted in the restoration of the House of Stewart. Mr. Hay had allied himself with the extreme party of the Covenanters. Sir Archibald Johnston, Lord Wariston, was his most intimate friend, and to whose family he acted as confiden- tial adviser. Of the lay leaders of the covenanting party Sir James Stewart and Sir John Chieslie were among his bosom friends, whilst with many of those ministers who afterwards suffered during the persecution he was on equally intimate terms. His wife was also of a true covenanting stock, certain of her relatives having been afterwards heavily fined for their attachment to the principles of the Covenant. Her cousin Ann, Duchess of Hamilton, was a ‘ staunch Presbyterian and hearty Resolutioner.’ Mr. Andrew Hay does not appear to have taken any prominent part in political life previous to the Restoration. An elder of the parish church, he contented himself with attending the meetings of presbyteries, at which he acted as adviser of the brethren, and interesting himself in that fruitful source of diplomatic intrigue, the settlement of ministers. Although he did not put himself prominently forward, certain obscure allusions in his Diary show that he lost no opportunity of conferring with the gentlemen on his side of politics. He expected political patronage—probably some legal appoint- ANDREW HAY’S DIARY ment—and thought he ‘ derserved it.’ He, at the same time, was evidently apprehensive, of coming events, and feared that the days of his troubles were at hand. A considerable part of the Diary relates to Mr. Hay’s actings as the adviser of Elizabeth Johnston, a daughter of Lord Wariston and relict of Thomas Hepburn of Humhie. Sir Adam Hepburn acquired that estate in East Lothian by purchase from Lawson, the previous proprietor. He was a man of much political influence, and a senator of the College of Justice. He died in 1656, and was succeeded by his son, Thomas Hepburn, who broke the entail of the estate. Thomas died in 1658, leaving Helen, an only child of about two years of age, who, on 25th January 1659, was served heiress of line and also of provision to her father, and heiress to her grandfather, Sir Adam Hepburn. His affairs do not seem to have been in a prosperous condition, and the Dowager Lady Humbie, widow of the previous owner, had claims on the estate. The child was weakly and required much nursing and attention, while her mother was afflicted with rheumatism, and was advised to go to Bath, with the view of recovering her health. In this diffi- cult state of matters Mr. Hay undertook, whether as nomi- nated in the deceased Humhie’s deed or as a friend of the family, the direction of the worldly affairs of the young heiress. Never did any one more faithfully execute the trust reposed in him. The making up of the deceased’s testament for confirmation, the looking after the tenants, the prepara- tions for the lady’s journey to Bath, the raising of money for that purpose, the final convoying of the lady on the way, the frequent and kindly visits to Humbie during her absence, the attention paid to the child deprived of her father, the meetings with Lady Wariston and her family, consecrated with prayer for the divine protection and guidance, are recorded with a minuteness which cannot fail to interest the reader. The lady returned from Bath improved in health. During INTRODUCTION xi her absence her letters were full of dismal foreboding in refer- ence to her father’s position. Lord Wariston and his family knew that as the active ally of Cromwell he would incur the enmity of royalty, and that should the king ever return to the throne, a dire revenge would inevitably be exacted. After her return the prospect of the royal recall and of the retribu- tion on the devoted head of her father seemed to increase, and in Mr. Andrew Hay she had ever a capable adviser and sincere sympathiser. No doubt he feared that his own fate was bound up with Wariston’s. The portion of the Diary ends on 31st January 1660. The king was restored on 29th May following. Of Mr. Hay’s subsequent career we have not the same materials for information as are provided in his Diary, but we are enabled to glean from various sources the salient events of his history. In the Diary reference is made on different occasions to the acquisition of the lands of Craignethan, and completing a title thereto, which belonged to Ann, Duchess of Hamilton. These were first purchased by his brother, Mr. John Hay of Hays- toun. It is probable that this was a matter of arrangement between the brothers, with the view of avoiding confiscation should political events become embarrassing to Andrew. The Diary mentions a visit paid by the writer to the old castle in connection with the ultimate purchase by himself in 1661.
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