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Employment and Traumatised Refugees Employment and traumatised refugees A study of effective employment initiatives for vulnerable and traumatised refugees in the Nordic countries Employment and traumatised refugees A study of effective employment initiatives for vulnerable and traumatised refugees in the Nordic countries Anja Weber Stendal and Lisbeth Mørk Iversen TemaNord 2019:521 Employment and traumatised refugees A study of effective employment initiatives for vulnerable and traumatised refugees in the Nordic countries Anja Weber Stendal and Lisbeth Mørk Iversen, Knowledge Center for Vulnerable Refugees, The Danish Refugee Council ISBN 978-92-893-6097-5 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-6098-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-6099-9 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2019-521 TemaNord 2019:521 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2019 Cover photo: Tony Brøchner / The Danish Refugee Council Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not produced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Responsibility for the views and opinions expressed in the adaptation rests solely with its author(s). The views and opinions in this adaptation have not been approved by the Nordic Council of Ministers. Third-party content: The Nordic Council of Ministers does not necessarily own every single part of this work. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot, therefore, guarantee that the reuse of third-party content does not infringe the copyright of the third party. If you wish to reuse any third-party content, you bear the risks associ- ated with any such rights violations. You are responsible for determining whether there is a need to obtain permission for the use of third-party content, and if so, for obtaining the relevant permission from the copy- right holder. Examples of third-party content may include, but are not limited to, tables, figures or images. Photo rights (further permission required for reuse): Any queries regarding rights and licences should be addressed to: Nordic Council of Ministers/Publication Unit Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K Denmark Phone +45 3396 0200 [email protected] Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, economics and culture and plays an important role in European and international forums. The Nordic community strives for a strong Nordic Region in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation promotes regional interests and values in a global world. The values shared by the Nordic countries help make the region one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. The Nordic Council of Ministers Nordens Hus Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K, Denmark Tel.: +45 3396 0200 www.norden.org Download Nordic publications at www.norden.org/nordpub Contents 1. Summary .............................................................................................................................7 2. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Refugees, trauma and work...................................................................................... 9 2.2 Trauma, conditions of exile and complex situations .................................................10 2.3 Learning from Nordic neighbours ............................................................................10 2.4 Reading guide ......................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Knowledge Center for Vulnerable Refugees ............................................................ 11 3. The study’s sources of data and analysis ............................................................................ 13 3.1 Sources of data ....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 Definition of 4 categories of initiatives ....................................................................21 4. Work first initiatives .......................................................................................................... 25 4.1 Working methods in Work first initiatives ............................................................... 25 4.2 Knowledge base in the literature study for Work first initiatives ............................... 27 4.3 Examples of Work first initiatives ............................................................................ 27 Practice example 1: Arbeid fra dag én (Work from Day One) ............................................. 29 Practice example 2: Arba Inkludering ................................................................................ 34 Practice example 3: IPS Integration ................................................................................... 39 5. Vocational assessment initiatives...................................................................................... 43 5.1 Working methods in Vocational assessment initiatives ........................................... 43 5.2 Knowledge base in the literature study for Vocational assessment initiatives .......... 44 5.3 Examples of Vocational assessment initiatives ....................................................... 45 Practice example 4: Framsteget (Progress) ....................................................................... 46 Practice example 5: Business Training ............................................................................... 50 6. Holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives ..............................................................................55 6.1 Working methods in Holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives ....................................55 6.2 Knowledge base in the literature study for Holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives . 56 6.3 Examples of Holistic and interdisciplinary initiatives ............................................... 59 Practice example 6: Hela Familjen 2.0 (The Entire Family 2.0) ........................................... 60 Practice example 7: Avanti ................................................................................................ 65 7. Initiatives based on an empowerment approach ................................................................ 71 7.1 Working methods in Initiatives based on an empowerment approach ...................... 71 7.2 Knowledge base in the literature study for Initiatives based on an empowerment approach................................................................................................................. 72 7.3 Examples of Initiatives based on an empowerment approach .................................. 72 Practice example 8: VAMOS – Trail of Involvement of Immigrant Youth ............................. 73 8. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 77 8.1 Prerequisites for effective employment initiatives ................................................... 78 8.2 Perspectives and potential for reliable knowledge ...................................................79 9. References ........................................................................................................................81 9.1 Materials from the practice examples ..................................................................... 83 10. Resume ............................................................................................................................ 85 Appendix 1: How the study was conducted .............................................................................. 87 Appendix 2: Employment efforts for refugees in Reykjavik, Iceland ........................................109 Employment and traumatised refugees 5 6 Employment and traumatised refugees 1. Summary This report presents the results of a study of effective employment initiatives for refugees and reunited refugee family members who are psychologically vulnerable, have symptoms of trauma or are traumatised. The study consists of a literature study and an exploratory investigation of existing practices for the target group in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The study was carried out in 2018 and includes literature from the period 2012 to 2018. The study shows that there is a limited knowledge base about effective employment initiatives for the target group. Few studies of specific initiatives exist and the robustness of the studies in relation to measuring outcomes is low. Nevertheless, several best practices have been identified in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden that have a good probability
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