Neobuxbaumia Tetetzo

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152584A654087

Neobuxbaumia tetetzo

Assessment by: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

View on www.iucnredlist.org

Citation: Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Neobuxbaumia tetetzo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152584A654087. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en

Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged.

Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London.

If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided.

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™ Taxonomy

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family

Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Caryophyllales Cactaceae

Taxon Name: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (J.M.Coult.) Backeb.

Synonym(s): • Cereus tetetzo J.M.Coult.

Taxonomic Source(s): Hunt, D., Taylor, N. and Charles, G. (compilers and editors). 2006. The New Cactus Lexicon. dh Books, Milborne Port, UK. Assessment Information

Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1

Year Published: 2013

Date Assessed: April 29, 2009

Justification: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo is widespread and very abundant. The species is listed as Least Concern, however, attention is needed on the pests affecting the population. Geographic Range

Range Description: This species is endemic to Mexico, where it is distributed in the States of Puebla and Oaxaca, at elevations of 1,000 to 1,900 m asl (Arias et al. 1997).

Country Occurrence: Native: Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla)

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo – published in 2013. 1 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en Population Flores-Martínez et al. (1994) report densities of 1,200 individuals (taller than 1 m and max. 12 m) per hectare. Similarly, Ramírez-Padilla and Valverde (2005) report densities of 1,200-1,800 plants/hectare. The populations of N. tetetzo appear to be performing well despite wide fluctuations in population numbers and periods of poor seed production and seedling recruitment (Godínez-Alvarez et al. 1999). Current Population Trend: Stable

Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) In the Tehuacán Valley Neobuxbaumia tetetzo is the dominant species in a vegetation type locally called Tetechera that occupies ca 400 km2 (Valiente-Banuet and Ezcurra 1991, Godínez-Alvarez et al. 1999). It often occurs under the canopy of shrubs in association with nurse plants (Valiente-Banuet and Ezcurra 1991). It occurs in tropical deciduous forest and xerophyllous scrub, on calcareous soils (Arias et al. 1997). The flowers are bat pollinated, and the seeds are dispersed by both bats and birds (Ruedas et al. 2006). It flowers between May and July, and produces fruits between June and July (Arias et al. 1997).

Systems: Terrestrial

Use and Trade (see Appendix for additional information) The fruits and flower buds are edible. There are management programs implemented by the local authorities to prevent overharvesting of floral buds.

Threats (see Appendix for additional information) The plants are affected by mining worms and fungi that kill the plants in the long term. It has been observed that land use change in the last 20 years has caused several subpopulations to disappear, once the habitat is transformed the species can not reestablish (Ruedas et al. 2006).

Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) The species occurs within the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (Méndez-Larios et al. 2006). There are management programs implemented by the local authorities to prevent over-harvesting of floral buds. The species is locally propagated by certified nurseries. Credits

Assessor(s): Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C.

Reviewer(s): Superina, M. & Goettsch, B.K.

Facilitators(s) and Goettsch, B.K. Compiler(s):

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo – published in 2013. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en Bibliography Arias, M.S., Gama, S. and Guzmán, U. 1997. Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán. Fasículo 14. Cactaceae A.L. Juss. Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico.

Flores-Martínez, A., E. Ezcurra & S. Sanchéz-Colón. 1994. Effect of Neobuxbaumia tetetzo on growth and fecundity of its nurse plant Mimosa luisana. Journal of Ecology 82(2): 325-330.

Godínez-Alvarez, H., A. Valiente-Banuet & L. Valiente-Banuet. 1999. Biotic interactions and the population dynamics of the long-lived columnar cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo in the Tehuancán Valley, Mexico. Canadian Journal of Botany 77(2): 203-208.

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2013.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 12 June 2013).

Méndez-Larios, I., Lira, R., Godínez-Alvarez, H., Dávila, P. and Ortiz, E. 2006. Proposal for the establishment of the core zones in the Biosphere Reserve of Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 1627-1659.

Ramírez-Padilla & T. Valverde. 2005. Germination responses of three congeneric cactus species (Neobuxbaumia) with differing degrees of rarity. Journal of Arid Environments 61: 333-343.

Ruedas, M., T. Valverde, J.A. Zavala-Hurtado. 2006. Analysis of the factors that affect the distribution and abundance of three Neobuxbaumia species (Cactaceae) that differ in their degree of rarity. Acta Oecologica 29: 155-164.

Téllez-Valdés, O. and P. Dávila. 2003. Protected areas and climate change: a case study of the cacti of the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán biosphere reserve. Conservation Biology 17(3): 846-853.

Valiente-Banuet, A. & E. Ezcurra. 1991. Shade as cause of the assosiation between the cactus Neobuxbaumia tetetzo and the nurse plant Mimosa luisana in the Tehuacán Valley, Mexico. The Journal of Ecology 79(4): 961-971.

Citation Arias, S., Valverde, T., Zavala-Hurtado, A. & Hernández, C. 2013. Neobuxbaumia tetetzo. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013: e.T152584A654087. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013- 1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en

Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.

External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.

Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Major Season Suitability Habitat Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes

3. Shrubland -> 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry Resident Suitable Yes

Use and Trade (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

End Use Local National International Food - human Yes No No

Threats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual & Ongoing - - - perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.2. Small-holder farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality 2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.3. Livestock farming Ongoing - - - & ranching -> 2.3.2. Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality 8. Invasive & other problematic species & genes -> Ongoing - - - 8.2. Problematic native species Stresses: 2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality

Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management

Occur in at least one PA: Yes

In-Place Education

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo – published in 2013. 4 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en Conservation Actions in Place Included in international legislation: Yes

Subject to any international management/trade controls: Yes

Conservation Actions Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Conservation Actions Needed 1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection

Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)

Research Needed 1. Research -> 1.5. Threats

3. Monitoring -> 3.2. Harvest level trends

Additional Data Fields

Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 1000

Upper elevation limit (m): 1900

Population Population severely fragmented: No

© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo – published in 2013. 5 http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T152584A654087.en The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T152584A654087

The IUCN Red List Partnership

THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™