University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst International Conference on Engineering and International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage Ecohydrology for Fish Passage 2016
Jun 21st, 3:45 PM - 4:00 PM Case Studies III: Secure Fish Passage Design for Sustainable Fish Populations: A Case Study in Vereinigte Weißeritz River Meliha Gamze Ekren Istanbul Technical University
Necati Ağıralioğlu Istanbul Technical University
Hilal Gonca Coşkun Istanbul Technical University
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Ekren, Meliha Gamze; Ağıralioğlu, Necati; and Coşkun, Hilal Gonca, "Case Studies III: Secure Fish Passage Design for Sustainable Fish Populations: A Case Study in Vereinigte Weißeritz River" (2016). International Conference on Engineering and Ecohydrology for Fish Passage. 9. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/fishpassage_conference/2016/June21/9
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Secure Fish Passage Design for Sustainable Fish Populations: A Case Study in Vereinigte Weißeritz River
Authors: 1Meliha Gamze Ekren 2Necati Ağıralioğlu 3Hilal Gonca Coşkun
1 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey 2Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey 3Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geomatics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Acknowledgements
Prof. Dr. –Ing. habil. Peter Wolfgang Graeber, TUD Dip. -Krist. Jutta Sitte, TUD Dr. Lothar Paul, TUD Uwe Peters, State Reservoir Administration of Saxony Dip. –Ing. Lothar Gloger, Architecture Office
pH.D student Jinxing Guo, TUD pH.D student Tewodros Assefa, ITU
ITU: Istanbul Technical University, TUD: Dresden University of Technology
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Content
Introduction Study Area Fish Passage Site Legislation Results Discussion/Recommendations Conclusion
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Introduction .Fish migration: diadromous (anadromous, catadromous and amphidromous), potamodromous, oceanodromous .Upstream (adult phase of anadromous and potamodromous, juvenile phase of catadromous fish) and downstream (juvenile phase of anadromous and potadromous, adult phase of catadromous fish) migration
Figure 1. Fish migration routes .Barriers/Blockages . Physical (dam, weir, floodgate, etc.) . Behavioural (substrates, tunnels, etc.) . Chemical (discharges, processes, etc.) .Longitudinal connectitivity!
Figure 2. Anadromous, potamodromous, catadromous fish life cycles. Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Introduction .Technical, variation of pool pass .Preffered one .Vertical slots (one or two slot) are full depth of channel .Suitable for weak swimmers, small fish, bottom-living fish, open-water fish, and benthic invertebrates .Convey high discharges .Good attraction .Tolerate water level fluctuations .Less susceptible to clogging
Figure 3. Conceptual layout of a one vertical-slot fishway [6]. Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Study Area/Vereinigte Weißeritz River
. 14.2 km short left tributary of the River Elbe and confluence river of the Rote and Wilde Weißeritz River . Natural boundaries: Vereinigte Weißeritz River catchment area (km²): 66.7 . Topography: Source 183 m ASL, Mouth 104 m ASL; Slope 0.58 % . Land use: Downstream-settlement area, Upstream- agricultural, forest, natural areas . Temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm): Monthly mean - 1.2 – 16 and 46-82, Annual mean 7.9 and 738 . Modified river channel, Moderate morphological status, Moderately polluted waters in 2004 (Class II- LAWA*), ‘good ecological and chemical status’ in 2015 (WFD*) LAWA*: Lander Arbeitgemeinschaft Wasser, WFD*: Water Framework Directive Figure 4. Weißeritz catchment area [1]. Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 Figure 5. Rote, Wilde, Vereinigte Weißeritz watersheds [1]. International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Study Area/ Vereinigte Weißeritz River
.Flowrate ( m ³/ s ) : (at Cotta, 1999-2010) maximum: 47 in September, 2010, minimum: 0.068 in September, 2009, Vereinigte average: 1.395-8.098 in July-March, 1999-2010. (at Hainsberg 6, 2014): maximum 100-160, minimum: 0.36, mean: 2, extreme: 300, flood in August, 2002 and 160, in August, 2013 .Water depth (cm): (at Cotta, 2004-2010) lowest 13, mean Wilde Rote low 19, mean 38, mean high 151, high 430 (2002). (at Hainsberg 6, August and September, 2014) 40-50 and 50-60 .River bed material: granit stones, siliceous (fine to coarse material) .River width (m): 3-25, River elevation (m): 100-192, River flow gradient (%): 0.3 below, 0.7 above the Weißeritz kink
Figure 6. Aerial view of Vereinigte Weißeritz River [11]. Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Fish Passage Site Mouth Elbe .WKA Bienertmühle weir (at 5.93 km, H: 4.50 m, W: 48 m), small hydropower plant (Horizontal Kaplan turbine, min. 28- max. 200 kW, 0.5-1 MW/year for 200 households) and one vertical slot fish passage in front of Hege Reiter Bridge (2000) FP Site .14 different fish species along the river (Salmon: not native, Eel: endangered) .At fish passage (potamodromous, diadromous, non- migratory) . Dominant (indicator) fish species: European grayling (Thymallus thymallus), European brook lamprey (Lampetra planeri), Abundant (highly associated) fish species: Brown/Sea trout (Salmo trutta fario), European bullhead (Cottus gobio), Rare fish species: European eel (Anguilla anguilla)
Figure 7. Satellite view of fish passage near WKA Bienertmühle weir at 7.53 km Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 eye elevation [10]. International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Fish Passage Site Figure 10. Downstream of Vereinigte Weißeritz River (July, 2014) [5].
Figure 8. Small hydropower plant entrance and tailwater at Figure 9. One vertical slot fish passage and tailwater at WKA WKA Bienertmühle weir, Dresden, Germany (July, 2014) [5]. Bienertmühle weir, Dresden, Germany (July, 2014) [5].
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Fish Passage Site Figure 11. Bottom ramp and slope, fish ramp and vertical slot type of fish passages [3]. Table 1. Weir and fish passage structures in Vereinigte Weißeritz River. Distance from .No reservoirs and eight impassible barriers Name the mouth Height (m) Fish passage (km) type .Four fish passages: bottom ramp and slope Bottom ramp (2), fish ramp (1) and vertical slot (1) Elbe estuary 0.095 - and slope Hamburger Straße 0.171 2.6 Fish ramp .Non-functional fish passages Bottom ramp . At Elbe Estuary, Hamburgerstraße (at 0.095, Sohlgleite Flügelwegbrücke 0.677 1.40 and slope 0.171 km) and WKA Bienertmühle weirs (at 5.93 Sohlabsturz Freiberger None km) 3.640 0.90 Straße WKA Bienertmühle 5.930 4.50 Vertical slot .At WKA Bienertmühle weir (H=4. 50 m) Wehrschwelle Plauenscher None . 8.352 1.50 Water level difference 5.20 m (max.) and 4.90 m Grund (min.) Wehr Hofemühle None 9.990 1.70 . Upstream one vertical slot fish passage Potschappel Mühle Freital Deuben 12.710 0.10 None . 20 pools, 6% C20/25 concrete, 94% durable wood Wehr Papierfabrik None (oak and larch) 13.060 1.30 Hainsberg
Figure 13. One vertical slot fish passage at WKA Bienertmühle weir Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 Figure(July, 2014)12. Fish[5]. ramp at Hamburgerstraße weir (August, 2014) [11] . International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Fish Passage Site
.Design flowrate (m3/s) Figure 15. Intake screen near hydropower plant [5]. . Weir: 0.34, fish passage: 0.17, bypass: 16, hydropower plant to downstream: 1-5 .Water level (m) . At weir: max. HWL 134.94, min. HWL 134.64 and TWL 129.74
. At fish passage: water inlet (ze, substrate) 134.107 m and fish pass bottom (ze, bottom) 133.97 m .Fine screen (21 mm) . decrease injury, mortality and provide orientation for downstream migrants Figure 11. WKA Bienertmühle weir, fish passage and hydro power plant [5].
Figure 14. One vertical slot fish passage and tailwater of WKA Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 Bienertmühle weir (July, 2014) [11]. International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Legislation
. Water Framework Directive (WFD), Fauna- . Federal Waterways Engineering and Flora Habitat Directive, Eel Regulation, Research Institute (BAW): Upstream German Renewable Energy Sources Act Fishways on German Federal Waterways (REA) (2010) . German Association for Water Resources . German Association for Water, Wastewater and Land Improvement (DVWK): Fish and Waste (DWA): Fishways and fish passes- Design, dimensions and monitoring passage structures- Design, dimensions, (DVWK-Merkblatt 232) (1996) quality assurance (DWA-Merkblatt DWA-M . German Association for Water, Wastewater 509) (2014) and Waste (DWA): Guideline for Fish Protection Technologies and Downstream Fishways (2005)
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Results Table 2. Comparison of design parameters [3], [4].
Parameter 1996 2000 2014
(DVWK, M232) (Design) (DWA, M509)
Pool length, lb (m) 1.90-3.00 1.8 1.95-3.00 Pool width, b (m) 1.20-1.80 2 1.50-2.25 Slot width, s (m) 0.15-0.30 0.18 0.20-0.35 Water depth below a cross-wall, 0.50-0.75 0.6 0.50-0.80 hmin (m) Water level difference, Δh (m) 0.2 0.233 < 0.15
Velocity, V (Vmin- Vmax) (m/s) 2 2.14 0.3-1.9
Flow rate at WKA, Q300, (Q30, 0.14-0.16 0.169 0.15,0.18 3 Q330) (m /s) Volumetric power dissipation, 200 155 200 Ecr, (W/m3 )
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Discussion/Recommendations
.Flood event, water quality deterioration! (limited operation due to possible disturbances) .Biological and physical data analysis, challenge! (collaboration in practical design) .Retrofitting of existing one vertical slot upstream fish passage (up-to-date design) .Sufficient attraction (or auxiliary) water at the entrances (prevent/minimize disorientation, physical damage and allow guidance through bypass flow) .Additional downstream fish passage (i.e. one vertical slot) (continuation of migration) .Exclusion for downstream migrants (physical, behavioral barriers, diversion through spills)
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 Figure 18. Fish passage at WKA Bienertmühle weir (June, 2013) [5]. International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Figure 17. Plan view of up-to date fish passage [9]. Discussion/Recommendations .Preliminary study . Parameters, side constraints, investigation of conceptual design alternatives, cost estimates, quality control
. Range of relevant species, discharge distribution (Q30, Q330), average of Q30, Q330 (Q300), type of construction (w or w/o hydropower plant), entrance, location, exit of the fish passage, design flowrate, tailrace construction, driftwood and debris flow deposits (bed), ground condition, available space, weir and turbine properties . Hydraulic pre-design/geometry: (Largest species and maximum speed by the weakest swimmers) Slot width > 0.30 m, Pool length (1.95 – 3 m), Water level difference < 0.15 m, Velocity < 2 m/s, Fine screen openings < 18 mm (~ 15 mm) .Design process . Construction information, duration of the construction work and process . Geometry, hydraulic design, technical checks, maintenance, measurement, inspection structures .Preparation of contract documents
Figure 16. Vertical slot fish passage at WKA Bienertmühle weir (July, 2015) [9]. Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Discussion/Recommendations
.Criteria for fish passage design .Criteria for operational system design . Efficiency (quantitative) . Monitoring&Assessment (quantification and characterization) . Fish in = Fish out . Measurement of data, data storage, . Effectiveness (qualitative) hydraulic and ecological data integration, computer processing and modelling . All site specific species through technological developments (e.g. . Safe (injury, mortality) remote sensing, numerical modeling tools . (HEC-RAS), ADVs, PIT tags, acoustic Protection telemetry, ADCPs, etc.), dynamic! . Time (delay) . Maintenance (identification) . Migration . Damage or malfunction of the structure, habitat degradation Ecology and hydraulics intersection: gaps!
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Conclusion .Ecohydraulics: Interdisciplinary integration and co-operation . Physical, biological, chemical drivers and responses (interplay in decision making) . Laboratory and field based (applicability) . Flexible (unstability of pressures) . Sustainable management (implementation and development) (e.g. EIAs, water resources management plans, fishery management plans, national and international legislations, end-users participation, etc.)
.Secure/Compatible fish passage design . Terrain, river, structure, species equilibrium (transferability of site specific data in temporal and spatial scales into management: feasible, cost effective solutions . Upstream and downstream (migration) . Location: Entrance, exit (guidance, disorientation) . Integrated watershed management (stakeholder engagement)
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations Thank you for your attention.
Figure 20. Emiralem Regulator Dam at Gediz River (2012), Menemen, Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 İzmir, Turkey [15]. International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations References [1] Bornschein, A. and Pohl, R. (2011). ERA-NET CRUE Research Funding Initiative Flood Resilient Communities- managing the consequences of flooding. CRUE Final Report Case Studies: Dresden, Germany. (ch. 4). [2] Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau, BfG (Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute). (2011). Guideline Upstream Fishways on German Federal Waterways. [3] Deutsche Vereinigung für Wasserwirtschaft, Abwasser und Abfall e.V., DWA (German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste). (2014). Merkblatt DWA- M 509: Fischaufstiegsanlagen und fischpassierbare Bauwerke- Gestaltung, Bemessung, Qualitætssicherung. [4] Deutscher Verband für Wasserwirtschaft und Kulturbau e.V., DVWK (German Association for Water Resources and Land Improvement). (1996). DVWK-Merkblatt 232/1996: Fischaufstiegsanlagen – Bemessung, Gestaltung, Funktionskontrolle. [5] Ekren, M.G. (2014). Personal photoshoot. [6] Environment Agency Fish Pass Manual. 2010. “Guidance Notes On The Legislation, Selection and Approval Of Fish Passes In England and Wales”. Environment Agency, Rio House, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations References [7]Fisheries Blog. Date retrieved: 03.03.2014, address: http://thefisheriesblog.com/2013/05/20/can- you-say-anadromous-catadromous-amphidromous-oceanodromous-or-potamodromous [8] Foundation for Water& Energy Education. Fish Passage Tour. Date retrieved: 02.05.15, address: http://fwee.org/nw-hydro-tours/fish-passage-tour/ [9] Gloger, L. (2016). Personal communication. [10] Google Earth. (2012). Satellite view of fish passage near WKA Bienertmühle at different eye elevations. [11] Harby, A., Kemp, P., Maddock, I.,Wood, P.J. 2013. Ecohydraulics: An Integrated Approach. Wiley- Blackwell. (ch. 8). [12] Landeshauptstadt Dresden Die Oberburgermeisterin, Umweltamt. (2010). Plan Hochwasservorsorge, Dresden: Gewassersteckbrief-Vereinigte Weißeritz.
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations References [13] Sachsisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft (SMUL). (n.d.). Wehrdatenbank der sachsischen Fließgewasser: Detailbericht der Querbauwerke mit Fischaufstieganlage- Vereinigte Weißeritz. Date retrieved:07.08.2014, adress:http://www.smul.sachsen.deFAA.aspx?id=?ID=635442284687612766_ba194fc9-3ad5-4669- a666-9de76c63f385. [14] Sachsisches Staatsministerium für Umwelt und Landwirtschaft (SMUL). (n.d.). Wehrdatenbank der sachsischen Fließgewasser: Detailbericht der Querbauwerke- Vereinigte Weißeritz. Date retrieved: 07.08.2014,adress:http://www.smul.sachsen.de/Wehre/BerichtQuerDetail.aspx?id=?ID=63544229585 2279467_59465cd4-5255-41a5-a453 61eed72a5ce0. [15] Su Hakkı. 2014. ‘Gediz Nehri Kirliliğin Pençesinde’. Date retrieved: 02.06.15, address: http://www.suhakki.org/2014/09/gediz-nehri-kirliligin-pencesinde/#.V2kAE_mLTIU.
Fish Passage 2016, June 20-22 International Conference on River Connectivity Best Practices and Innovations