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A Study in Translated Corpora :رﺻﺎﻌﻣﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟا بﺎطﺧﻟا ﻲﻓ يزﻣرﻟا زﺎﺟﻣﻟا لﻘﻧ ﺔﻣﺟرﺗﻣﻟا

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A Study in Translated Corpora :رﺻﺎﻌﻣﻟا ﻲﺳﺎﯾﺳﻟا بﺎطﺧﻟا ﻲﻓ يزﻣرﻟا زﺎﺟﻣﻟا لﻘﻧ ﺔﻣﺟرﺗﻣﻟا University of Petra Faculty of Arts and Sciences English Department Rendition of Allegory in Contemporary Political Discourse: A Study in Translated Corpora نقل المجاز الرمسي في الخطاب السياسي المعاصر: دراسة في المذونات المترجمة A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master's Degree of Arts in English Language and Translation By: Fadi Abd Al Kareem Al Saifi Supervised By: Professor A.B. As-Safi Amman, Jordan May, 2014 University of Petra Faculty of Arts and Sciences English Department Rendition of Allegory in Contemporary Political Discourse: A Study in Translated Corpora نقل المجاز الرمسي في الخطاب السياسي المعاصر: دراسة في المذونات المترجمة A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master's Degree of Arts in English Language and Translation By: Fadi Abd Al Kareem Al Saifi Supervised By: Professor A.B. As-Safi Amman, Jordan May, 2014 Dedication To My Late Sister Jihad, My Dearest Parents And Brother. i Acknowledgements My greatest gratitude and deepest appreciation are due to professor Abdel-Baki As-Safi who whole-heartedly initiated, conscientiously supported and diligently supervised this research with indispensible guidance and perseverance. He has been a constant source of insights, ideas and inspiration throughout the whole research. My deepest unconditional love goes to my parents and brother Mohammad ‘Mutaz’ for all their moral support and thoughtfulness throughout the preparation of this thesis. I would like to thank the committee members for the useful feedback they provided and their patience in reading thoroughly through the thesis. Finally, I would like to thank the University of Petra and in particular Dr. Nehal Omeira who has been abundantly helpful starting from the day I joined the university up to the end of the course of this thesis. ii Table of Contents Dedication …………………………...…………..…………...…………..….….i Acknowledgements………….…………………………...…….……….…...…ii Table of Contents………………………………………………………………iii Abstract in English……………………………………………...……………..vii Abstract in Arabic…………………………………………...……………..….viii Chapter One: Introduction……………………………...…….…..…………..1 1.0 Preliminaries……………………………..…..…….…………..….1 1.1. Statement of the Problem…………………...………………...…...1 1.2. Hypothesis……………………………………..….…………….....3 1.3. Objectives of the Study………………………………..…..….…...3 1.4. Research Methodology……………………………….….…….…..4 1.5. Significance of the Study…………………….……………..……..5 1.6. Review of Related Literature……………………………….……..5 1.7. Limitations of the Study………………………………………….6 Chapter Two: Allegory: An Overview…………...…..…….…………………7 2.1. Allegory: Conceptual/Historical Survey …….……...……….……..7 2.2. Types of Allegory…………………………………….…………….12 2.2.1. Rhetorical Allegory……………………………………………….14 2.2.2. Interpretive Allegory: Allegoresis………………………………..16 2.2.2.1. Personificational Allegory……………………………………..16 2.2.2.2. Figural Allegory………………………………………………..16 2.2.3. Cognitive Allegory…………………………………….................18 2.2.3.1. Conceptual Integration and Allegory in Old and New Media….21 iii 2.2.3.1.1. Postmodern Allegory…………………………………………22 2.2.3.2. Allegory, Blending and Possible Situations……………………24 2.2.4. Allegory: Counter-Discoursal and Post-Colonial………………..26 2.3. The Context for Allegorical Criticism……………………………..27 2.4. Related Terms and Concepts……………………………………….29 2.4.1. Fable………………………………………………………………29 2.4.2. Parable……………………………………………………………30 2.4.2.1. Parable versus Fable: from Symbolism to Allegory?..................31 2.4.3. Exemplum………………………………………………………..31 2.4.4. Proverb……………………………………………………………32 2.4.5. Metaphor………………………………………………………….32 2.4.5.1. Extended Metaphor……………………………………………..35 2.4.5.2. Allegory: A Stylistic Device Based on Metaphor……………...35 2.4.6. Metonymy………………………………………………………..36 2.4.7. Irony………………………………………………………………36 2.4.8. Symbolism………………………………………………………..36 2.4.9. Iconism……………………………………………………………39 Chapter Three: Allegory in Political Discourse……………………………….42 3.1. Componential Analysis: Generalities……...……………………..42 3.1.1. Semantic Components: Preliminaries…………………………….45 3.1.2. Semantic Components of Allegory…………………………….....48 3.2. Componential Analysis of Allegory………………………………..48 3.3. Political Discourse………………………………………………….50 3.3.1. Allegory as a Rhetorical Device of Political Discourse………….50 iv 3.3.2. Function of Allegory in Political Discourse……………………..51 3.4. The Politics of Allegory…………………………………………….51 3.4.1. The Poetics of Censorship: Allegory as Form and Ideology……..52 3.4.2. Fourth Estate as Allegory………………………………………..52 3.4.2.1. Symbolizing Press………………………………………………53 3.4.2.2. Symbolizing Networked Fourth Estate…………………………54 3.4.2.3. Alternative Meanings…………………………………………..54 3.4.3. Fifth Column as Allegory………………………………………..55 3.4.3.1. Narrative Background of Fifth Column………………………..56 3.4.3.2. Contemporaneous Narrativity…………………………………..57 3.4.3.3. Later Narrativity………………………………………………..58 3.4.4. Fifth Estate as an Allegory………………………………………..59 3.4.4.1. Narrative Background of the Fifth Estate………………………59 3.4.4.2. Social Media as a Fifth Estate…………………………………..60 3.5. National Allegory in Political Discourse…………………………..61 3.6. Arab Spring Allegory: A Narrative Background…………………..63 3.6.1. The Allegorical Iconicity of Mohammed Bouazizi………………64 3.6.2. The Allegory of the Syrian Shabeeha…………………………….65 3.6.2.1. A Narrative Background………………………………………..65 3.6.3. The Allegory of Baltagiya………………………………………..67 3.6.3.1. The Narrative Background……………………………………..67 3.6.3.2. Baltagiya in the Egyptian 25 January Revolution……………..68 3.6.3.3. Identifying Baltagiya by Region……………………………….68 Chapter Four: Translation of Allegory………………………..……………70 v 4.1. Preliminaries: Translation Strategies Conceptual Overview…….....70 4.1.1. Textual Strategies vs. Procedural Strategies……….….…..71 4.1.2. Global Strategies vs. Local Strategies………………..…....71 4.1.3. Direct vs. Oblique Translation Strategies…………………72 4.1.4. Syntactic, Semantic and Pragmatic Strategies……………..72 4.1.5. Domestication vs. Foreignization Strategies………………73 4.2. Rendering Allegory………………………………………...………74 4.3. Allegory and Translation…………………………………………...76 4.4. Transference Strategies of Allegory……………………...….78 4.4.1. Strategy of Full Transference……………………………...82 4.4.2. Strategy of Partial Transference …………………...……...91 4.4.2.1. Acculturation: Cultural Transference ………………..….91 4.4.3. Strategy of Zero Transference……………………………105 Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations…………….…………114 5.1. Conclusions…………………………………………………….…114 5.1. Recommendations………………………………………………..118 References………………………………………………………………..…..120 Appendix: Diana Moukalled’s STs and TTs in full length arranged in reverse chronological order from April 2014 down to June 2011. vi Abstract The current study tackles the transference of the allegorical sense from the ST into the TT in contemporary political discourse. The examples of allegory are extracted from bilingual articles written by the professional author-translator Diana Moukalled, namely her opinion articles which are The ."انششق اﻷٔسط" published in the Arabic London-based online newspaper study comprises five chapters. Chapter one serves as an introduction. Chapter two explores the historical perspective of the concept of allegory. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the types of allegory and examines the concepts which are essentially related to it. Chapter three presents allegory’s role in political discourse and deals with the translator’s structural integration of componential analysis in the process of transferring the allegorical sense of political ideas. Chapter four involves discussing and analyzing selected examples that bear an allegorical sense based on componential analysis of their allegorical components which reflects the magnitude of transference of these components whether full, partial or none. Also, this chapter reveals that the transference strategies, namely the strategy of full transference, the strategy of partial transference and the strategy of zero transference, are mainly governed by the major political substratum which surrounds the bilingual articles manifested by means of the processes of monitoring, managing and censoring. Chapter five presents the conclusions, findings and recommendations. The findings show that to some extent partial transference is the most attainable due to linguistic and cultural discrepancies between the ST and the TT. Also, the study reveals that allegory reflects native speakers’ value judgments and conceptual frames of reference; therefore, rendering allegorical sense opens up dialogue between different cultures and potentially spares them political, ideological and cultural misconception resulting from mis-transferring allegory. vii المستخلص ذؼانج انذساسح انحانٍح َقم يؼُى انًجاص انشيضي يٍ انُض اﻷطهً انى انُض انًرشجى فً انخطاب انسٍاسً انؼًاطش. ٔقذ اسرخهظد أيصهح انًجاص انشيضي يٍ يقاﻻخ شُائٍح انهغح كرثرٓا انكاذثح-انًرشجًح انًخضشيح دٌاَا يقهذ ًْٔ يقاﻻخ سأي ذُششْا طحٍفح انششق اﻷٔسط اﻻنكرشٍَٔح انرً ذظذس فً نُذٌ. ٔذضى ْزِ انشسانح خًسح فظٕل. ؼٌرثش انفظم اﻷٔل ْٕ تًصاتح انًقذيح نهذساسح، ؼٌٔشع انفظم انصاًَ انًُظٕس انراسٌخً نًفٕٓو انًجاص انشيضي ٔفضﻻ ػٍ رنك ٌُاقش ْزا انفظم إَٔاع انًجاص انشيضي ٌٔثحس فً انًفاٍْى انًشذثطح تّ اسذثاطا أساسٍا. أيا انفظم انصانس فؼٍشع انذٔس انزي ٌهؼثّ انًجاص انشيضي فً انخطاب انسٍاسً ٌٔرُأل قذسج انًرشجى ػهى اﻻسرفادج يٍ َظشٌح ذحهٍم انًكَٕاخ انذﻻنٍح فً ػًهٍح َقم يؼُى انًجاص انشيضي نﻻفكاس انسٍاسٍح. ٌٔرطشق انفظم انشاتغ انى يُاقشح أيصهح يخراسج ذحًم يؼُى انًجاص انشيضي ٔذحهٍم يكَٕاذٓا انذﻻنٍح راخ انظهح تانًجاص تشكم ؼٌكس حجى اَرقال ْزِ انًكَٕاخ سٕاء كاٌ رنك تشكم كهً أٔ جضئً أٔ
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