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1. Allegory – a Symbolic Narrative in Which the Surface Details Imply a Secondary Meaning, the Characters Represent Moral Qualities

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1. Allegory – a Symbolic Narrative in Which the Surface Details Imply a Secondary Meaning, the Characters Represent Moral Qualities Last Updated on: 1/8/2019 12:51:09 PM Poetry, Short Stories & Nonfiction: Literary Terms English II: Price Directions: CLASSWORK: highlight the terms in orange (TB pages R44-R49), write any term not in textbook on other pages – terms in BOLD denotes new terms. 1. Allegory – A symbolic narrative in which the surface details imply a secondary meaning, the characters represent moral qualities. This is different from symbolism (symbol) because this is a complete narrative. 2. Alliteration – is the repetition of initial consonant sounds: 3. Allusion – is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art. 4. Analogy – makes a comparison between two or more things that are similar in some ways but otherwise unalike. 5. Antagonist – A character or force against which another character struggles. Even in poems, there are antagonists 6. Anaphora – repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of a line throughout a work or the section of a work. 7. Assonance – is the repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants in two or more stressed syllables. 8. Apostrophe – is a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent person or a personified quality, object, or idea 9. Ballad – is a songlike poem that tells a story, often one dealing with adventure and romance. 10. Blank Verse – is poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter lines. 11. Cacophony (cack-AH-fun-ee) Discordant sounds in the jarring juxtaposition of harsh letters or syllables, sometimes inadvertent, but often deliberately used in poetry for effect, 12. Caesura (sez-yoo-ra) – A short but definite pause within a line of verse. (fancy way of saying pause, indicated by a comma, dash, ellipsis) 13. Chiasmus (kahy-az-muh s) – is a “crossing” or reversal of two elements – reversal of the same words in a grammatical structure. 14. Connotation – of a word is the set of ideas associated with it in addition to its explicit meaning (feel of the word) 15. Consonance – is the repetition of final consonant sounds in stressed syllables with different vowel sounds, as in hat and sit. 16. Couplet – is a pair of rhyming lines, usually of the same length and meter. 17. Denotation – of a word is its dictionary meaning, independent of other associations that the word may have. 18. Dialect – is a special form of a language, spoken by people in a particular region or group. It may involve changes to the pronunciation, vocabulary, and sentences structure of the standard form of the language. 19. Diction – refers to an author’s choice of words, especially with regard to range of vocabulary, use of slang and colloquial language, and level of formality. 20. Dramatic Poetry – is poetry that utilizes the techniques of drama. 21. Elegy – a lyric poem that laments (grieves) the dead. 22. Epic – is a long narrative poem about the deeds of gods or heroes. 23. Figurative language – is writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally. 24. Free Verse – is poetry not written in a regular pattern of meter or rhyme. 25. Foot – a metrical unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllable. 26. `Haiku – is a three-line verse form. The first and third lines of a haiku each have five syllables. The second line has seven syllables. A haiku seeks to convey a single vivid emotion by means of images from nature. 27. Hyperbole – a figure of speech involving exaggeration 28. Iamb – an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one, to-DAY 29. Idiom – is an expression that is characteristic of a language, region, community, or class of people. 30. Image – is a word or phrase that appeals to one or more of the five senses – sight, hearing, touch, taste, or smell. 31. Imagery – is the descriptive or figurative language used in literature to create word pictures for the reader. 32. Irony – a contrast or discrepancy between what is said and what is meant or between what happens and what is expected to happen in life and in literature. a. Verbal irony – words are used to suggest the opposite of what is meant b. Dramatic irony – contradiction between what a character thinks and what the reader knows to be true. c. Situational irony – an event occurs that directly contradicts the expectations of the characters or the reader 33. Juxtaposition – is setting ideas or details side by side. This effectively helps readers analyze the similarities and differences between two ideas. 34. Lyric poem – is a poem written in highly musical language that expresses the thoughts, observations, and feelings of a single speaker. 35. Metaphor – is a figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else. a. Extended metaphor – a writer speaks or writes of a subject as though it were something else, but sustains the comparison for several lines or for an entire poem. b. Implied metaphor - is an ambiguous usage of a term or concept that may reasonably be considered to refer to a metaphoric context. This is a common conversational or literary device that may be used to bait people or to mislead readers. Implied metaphor: A less direct metaphor. example: John swelled and ruffled his plumage The sky grew dark and pierced its white arrows The car spun around and danced in the snow 36. Meter – of a poem is its rhythmical pattern. 37. Mood – (atmosphere) is the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage. The mood is often suggested by descriptive details. Often the mood can be described in a single word, such as lighthearted, frightening, or despairing. 38. Narrative poem – is a poem that tells a story. 39. Narrator – is a speaker or character who tells a story. (all poems have a speaker, NOT always the author) 40. Octave – an eight-line unit, which may constitute a stanza; or a section of a poem 41. Ode – a long, stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form, usually a serious poem on an exalted subject, but sometimes a more lighthearted work 42. Onomatopoeia – is the use of words that imitate sounds. Whirr, thud, and hiss 43. Oxymoron – is a combination of words, or parts of words, that contradict each other. Deafening silence 44. Paradox – is a statement that seems contradictory but actually may be true. 45. Paraphrase – to restate the meaning of lines in your own words. 46. Parody – a humorous, mocking imitation of a literary work, sometimes sarcastic, but often playful and even respectfully in its playful imitation. 47. Personification – is a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is give human characteristics. 48. Phonetic Symbolism - Sound suggestiveness; the association of particular word-sounds with common areas of meaning so that other words of similar sounds come to be associated with those meanings. It is also called sound symbolism. An example of word sounds in English with a common area of meaning is a group beginning with gl, all having reference to light, which include: gleam, glare, glitter, glimmer, glint, glisten, glossy and glow. 49. Poetic structure – The basic structures of poetry are lines and stanzas. a. A line is a group of words arranged in a row. A line of poetry may break, or end, in different ways. Varied line lengths care create unpredictable rhythms. b. An end-stopped line is one in which both the grammatical structure and sense are complete at the end of the line. c. Enjambment - A run-on line is one in which both the grammatical structure and sense continue past the end of the line. 50. Poetry – one of the three major types of literature, make sure of highly concise, musical, and emotionally charged language, uses imagery, figurative language, and special devices of sound such as rhyme. 51. Point of view – the angle of vision from which a story is narrated. a. First-person – character in the story tells the story b. Second-person – narrator/character addresses the reader (advertisements) c. Third-person – character outside the story tells the story i. Omniscient – the narrator is all knowing, the readers sees and hears all of the characters’ thoughts and actions ii. Limited – the narrator sees the world through only one character, sees what other characters are doing, but only hears that one character’s thoughts iii. Objective – the facts are reported by a seemingly neutral, impersonal observer or recorder 52. Pun – a play on words involving a word with two or more different meanings or two words that sound alike but have different meanings. 53. Prose Poem – is a poetic form that looks like prose, or a non-poetic work, but reads like poetry. Prose poems lack the line breaks most often fund in poetry, but they contain other poetic techniques such as repetition or rhyme. 54. Protagonist – the main character of a literary work, even in poetry there are protagonists. 55. Quatrain – is a stanza, or section, of a poem made up of four lines, usually with a definite rhythm and rhyme scheme. 56. Refrain – a repeated line or group of lines, usually in poetry (in songs it is usually the title repeated at the end of each verse) 57. Repetition – the use of any element of language – sound, a word, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence – more than once, is used for musical effects and for emphasis. 58. Rhetorical devices – special patterns of words and ideas that create emphasis and stir emotion. a. Parallelism – the repetition of a grammatical structure in order to create a rhythm and make words more memorable. b. Restatement – expressing the same idea in different words. c.
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