Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates Used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020

Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

Diptanu Dey, Amit Chakraborty, Anurendra Singh, Priyanath Das

  Surface plasmons are regular oscillations of Abstract: The objective of this paper is to read the various conduction electrons at a metal/dielectric edge. By substrates which are mounted on Gold plasmonic nanoparticle supporting surface plasmons with metallic and how they enhance the efficiency of a solar cell. With the help nanostructures using a corrugated metallic film on of MIE scattering software, we found the different type of light inclusion and light scattering by Gold nanoparticles mounted on the back surface of an absorber, we can increase the various substrates of a solar cell. light absorption and improve the efficiency of the The second objective of this paper is to learn the outcome of solar cell.[3] nanoparticle dimension and standard deviation on light scattering The Resonance Condition is when the light photon and absorption. The process of this work can be shortened as frequency matches the natural frequency of surface electrons. follows: The literature review on surface plasmons and how This allows direct absorption of light without any thick effects solar cell efficiency is done. The software MIEPLOTV4305 and how it is used for the research work were studied. Scrutiny of additional layers. Thereby raise in the photocurrent will lead gold samples with different mediums and comparing the to the enhancement of solar cell efficiency. [4] variations in peak wavelength using MIE PLOT software and graphs were placed. The outcome of particle dimension and II. MIE SCATTERING standard deviation on CSCATTERING, CABSORPTION, QSCATTERING, and QABSORPTION were done. Electromagnetic scattering by a homogenous, isotropic sphere is called MIE Scattering. It is named after Gustav Mie Keywords: MIE scattering, C , C , SCATTERING ABSORPTION (1868-1957) although he was not the first to formulate this QSCATTERING and QABSORPTION . electromagnetic scattering trouble Alfred Clebsch (1833-72) I. INTRODUCTION and Ludvig Lorentz (1829-91) contributed to this problem. When the above method occurs in all direction uniformly, This paper concern with the altered types of surface MIE Scattering is said to happen. MIE theory means the maxima and minima in the design plasmonic nanoparticles mounted in the various substrates to of strength with angle. When the dimension of the particle enhance solar cell efficiency. Using MIE scattering software is higher than or equal to the wavelength of laser, the we can find out the altered types of light scattering and scattering is a complex function with maxima and minima absorption shown by multiple types of nanoparticles like gold with respect to angle. [5] in different embedded substrates like glass, cSi, aSi, pSi, Conditions for MIE Theory etc.[1]  Only monochromatic light is considered- theory Role of Plasmon in improving the effectiveness of Solar applies to the formation of scattering pattern by a cell single wavelength of light. The Plasmonic solar cells transfers the light energy (light  The particle is sphere-shaped. photons) into electricity using plasmons. It is done in two  Incident light consists of 2 plane waves. separate ways.

 Metal nanoparticles are located on the zenith surface Limitations of MIE Theory of the absorber coating so they can couple and catch  MIE scattering gives insight into visual dispersal and freely propagating plane waves from the sun. These absorption of metal nanoparticles but limited to an fascinated light waves will be scattered and folded to isolated sphere. increase the optical path.[2]  The serious drawback of this theory is that it is restricted to sphere-shaped particles when there Revised Manuscript Received on January 15, 2020. exist solid particles that are mostly Diptanu Dey*, electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India. Email: [email protected] non-sphere-shaped in nature and they scatter light in Amit Chakraborty, electrical Engineering Department, National a different way from spheres.[6] Institute of Technology, Agartala, India. Email: MIE PLOT V4305 - MIE Scattering Software Used [email protected] Priyanath Das, electrical Engineering Department, National Institute of This is the software/program used throughout this project Technology, Agartala, India. Email: [email protected] for the scattering of light from a Anurendra Singh, electrical Engineering Department, National Institute sphere using MIE theory. of Technology, Agartala, India. Email: [email protected]

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4410 & Sciences Publication Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

Functions used in MIE PLOT (MIE Scattering)  Intensity scale (logarithmic/linear)  Horizontal scale (logarithmic/linear)  Wavelength scale (minimum, maximum, no: of steps)  Drop dimension (diameter in µm, disperse) In this project we analyze the results for gold samples by changing the nanoparticle dimension from 20nm- 200nm and comparing the variation in peak wavelengths (CSCA/CABS V wavelength) & (QSCA/QABS V wavelength) where  CABS- Cross-section of absorption  CSCA- Cross-section of scattering  QSCA- Efficiency of scattering Fig. 1 User-defined for Glass Medium  QABS- Efficiency of absorption The methodology followed in this project is as follows  The literature review on surface plasmons and how it  Select the step numbers in the range of 500 -1000. enhances solar cell efficiency is done.  The horizontal and intensity scale should be linear.  The study on the software MIEPLOTV4305 and how it is used for the project, advantages, and limitations. Result Obtained

 The scrutiny of Gold samples with different mediums,  CSCA/CABS V wavelength 100nm nanoparticle dimension and compare variation in peak wavelength using MIEPLOT software.  Similar analyses are done and variations in peak wavelengths observed.  The outcome of standard deviation on light scattering and light absorption is also done.[7][8]

III. SCRUTINY OF GOLD SAMPLE Fig. 2 CSCA/CABS V wavelength A. Scrutiny of Gold on Glass Medium We have to vary the nanoparticle dimension from  QSCA/QABS V wavelength 20nm-200nm and compare the variation in peak wavelengths

(CSCA/CABS V Wavelength) / (QSCA/QABS V wavelength). This was done for Gold in different mediums by varying their nanoparticle dimension and plotting the variations in peak wavelengths. An example has been done here. [9] Ex: Gold in Glass Medium (20nm nanoparticle dimension, 5% standard deviation)

Procedure

 Choose the (CSCA/CABS V wavelength) / (QSCA/QABS V Fig. 3 QSCA/QABS V wavelength wavelength) option in the MIEPLOT software.  Select DISPERSE and standard deviation 5% and nanoparticle dimension 20nm.  Number of particles (N) =50  Go to advanced setting and select drop dimension in terms of diameter, Refractive index-sphere(gold) and surrounding medium-user defined, Medium –GLASS  The peak wavelength range should be from 300nm-1200nm as we are interested in the visible region. Fig. 4 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4411 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020

Fig. 7 CSCA/CABS V wavelength

Fig. 5 CABS/ QABS V wavelength  QSCA/QABS V wavelength B. Scrutiny of Gold on cSi Medium Here we analyze the results of gold on cSilicon medium by varying the nanoparticle dimension from 20nm-200nm and comparing the variation in peak wavelengths (CSCA/CABS V wavelength) / (QSCA/QABS V wavelength).[10] Ex: Gold in cSi medium (20nm nanoparticle dimension, 5% standard deviation)

Procedure  Choose the (C /C V wavelength) / (Q /Q V SCA ABS SCA ABS wavelength) option in the MIEPLOT software. Fig. 8 QSCA/QABS v wavelength  Choose DISPERSE and standard deviation 5% and nanoparticle dimension 20nm.  Keep Number of particles (N) =50  Go to advanced setting and select drop dimension in terms of diameter, Refractive index-sphere(gold) and surrounding medium-user defined, Medium –cSi  The peak wavelength range should be from 300nm-1200nm as we are interested in the visible region. Fig. 9 QSCA /CSCA V wavelength

Fig. 10 QABS / CABS V wavelength

C. Investigation of Gold on pSi Medium Here we analyze the results of Gold on pSi medium by varying the nanoparticle dimension from 20nm-200nm and

comparing the variation in peak wavelengths (CSCA/CABS V wavelength) / (Q /Q V wavelength).[11] Fig. 6 User-defined c Silicon medium SCA ABS Ex: Gold in pSi medium (20nm nanoparticle dimension,

5% standard deviation)  Choose the step number in the range of 500 -1000. Procedure  The horizontal and intensity level should be linear.  Choose the (C /C V wavelength) / (Q /Q V  Save the file as a text file. SCA ABS SCA ABS wavelength) option in the MIEPLOT software. Result Obtained  Choose DISPERSE and standard deviation 5% and  C /C V wavelength SCA ABS nanoparticle dimension 20nm.  Keep Number of particles (N) =50

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4412 & Sciences Publication Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

 Go to advanced setting and - select drop dimension in terms of diameter, Refractive index-sphere(gold) and surrounding medium-user defined, Medium –pSi  The peak wavelength range should be from 300nm-1200nm as we are interested in the visible region.

 Choose the step numbers in the range of 500 -1000. Fig. 14 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength  The horizontal and intensity scale should be linear.

Fig. 15 QABS/CSCA V Wavelength

Fig. 11 User-defined pSi medium D. Investigation of Gold on aSi Medium  Save the file as a text file. Here we analyze the results of gold on aSilicon medium by varying the nanoparticle dimension from 20nm-200nm and Result Obtained comparing the variation in peak wavelengths (CSCA/CABS V  CSCA/CABS V wavelength wavelength) / (QSCA/QABS V wavelength).[12] Ex: Gold in aSi medium (20nm nanoparticle dimension, 5% standard deviation)

Procedure

 Choose the (CSCA/CABS V wavelength) / (QSCA/QABS V wavelength) option in the MIEPLOT software. 2  Choose DISPERSE and standard deviation of 5% and nanoparticle dimension 20nm.  Keep Number of particles (N) =50  Go to advanced setting and - select drop dimension in terms of diameter, Refractive index-sphere(gold) and surrounding medium-user defined, Medium –aSi

Fig. 12 Cext/Csca/Cabs VS wavelength  The peak wavelength range should be from 300nm-1200nm as we are interested in the visible

region.  Q /Q V wavelength SCA ABS  Choose the step numbers in the range of 500 -1000.

Fig. 16 User-defined in pSi Medium Fig. 13 QSCA/QABS V wavelength

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4413 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020

 The horizontal and intensity scale should be linear.  Save the file as a text file.

Result Obtained

 CSCA/CABS V wavelength

Fig. 21 QSCA V wavelength

Fig. 17 CSCA/CABS V wavelength

 QSCA/QABS V wavelength

Fig. 22 QABS V wavelength

F. Effect of particle dimension on CSCATTERING

 Gold with Glass medium (10% standard deviation)

Fig. 18 QSCA/QABS V wavelength

Fig. 23 CSCA V Wavelength for Glass Medium

 Gold with cSi medium (10% standard deviation)

Fig. 19 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength

Fig. 24 CSCA V wavelength cSi Medium

 Gold with pSi medium (10% standard deviation)

Fig. 20 . QABS/CSCA V Wavelength

E. Variation of Qscattering and Qabsorption by gold samples at 20nm, 5% standard deviation

Fig. 25 CSCA V wavelength in pSi medium

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4414 & Sciences Publication Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

 Gold with pSi medium (10% standard deviation)

 CSCA at 60nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation

Fig. 26 CSCA V wavelength

 Gold with pSi medium (10% standard deviation) Fig. 30 CSCA V Wavelength (60 nm nanoparticle dimension)

 CSCA at 100nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation

Fig. 27 CSCA V wavelength pSi Medium

 Gold with aSi medium (10% standard deviation)

Fig. 31 CSCA V Wavelength (100 nm nanoparticle dimension)

 CSCA at 160nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation

Fig. 28 CSCA V wavelength in aSi Medium Result  At 20nm all the gold samples at 20nm show nearly zero C Scattering. So at smaller particle dimension,

CSCATTERING is zero.  As particle dimension increase the C scattering also increase for all samples. At 200nm, all the samples have CSCA increasing at 550nm-600nm Fig. 32 C V Wavelength (160 nm nanoparticle wavelength. SCA dimension)  After 600nm wavelength, Gold/glass (200nm,160 nm dimension) reducing to zero, all the other gold  CSCA at 200nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% samples show a small fall in Csca value. standard deviation So nanoparticle dimension of the sphere is directly relative to the scattering of light.

F. Variation of CSCA by all Gold samples at one particular nanoparticle dimension and standard deviation

 CSCA at 20nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation

Fig. 33 CSCA Vs Wavelength ( at 200 nm nanoparticle dimension)

Result By making a comparison on the above graphs results, we can find out that,

 At 20nm dimension, glass showed least CSCA and cSi showed the max CSCA Fig. 29 CSCA V Wavelength (20 nm nanoparticle in Gold sample. dimension)

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4415 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020

 At 200nm dimension, aSi showed least CSCA and cSi showed the max CSCA in Gold sample. H. Effect of particle dimension on Cabsorption  Gold with glass medium (10% standard deviation)

G. Effect of standard deviation on CSCA .

 Gold in Glass Medium ( 20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 38 CABS V wavelength for Glass medium

Fig. 34 CSCA V Wavelength (Glass Medium)  Gold with cSi medium(10% standard deviation)

 Gold in cSi medium (20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 39 CABS V wavelength for cSi Medium

 Gold with pSi medium (10% standard deviation)

Fig. 35 CSCA V wavelength ( cSi Medium)

 Gold in pSi medium ( 20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 40 CABS V wavelength for pSi Medium

 Gold with aSi medium(10% standard deviation)

Fig. 36 CSCA V wavelength ( pSi Medium)

 Gold in aSi medium (20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 41 CABS V wavelength for aSi Medium

Result

 We find at 600nm-700nm wavelength, Cabs reduces Fig. 37 CSCA V wavelength ( aSi Medium) to zero for all the samples except Gold/cSi. Result  We can conclude that nanoparticle dimension has a  After 800nm wavelength, gold/glass and gold/cSi direct relationship with the CABS . samples give zero Csca.  At 30% standard deviation, gold/cSi and gold/pSi I. Variation of CABSORPTION by all Gold samples at a shows max c scattering and at 5% standard particular nanoparticle dimension and standard deviation, gold/glass and gold/aSi gives max Csca. deviation  No steady effect of standard deviation on Csca seen

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4416 & Sciences Publication Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

 CABSORPTION at 20nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation

Fig. 46 CABS Vs Wavelength (200 nm) Fig. 42 CABS V Wavelength (20 nm) Result

 CABSORPTION at 60nm nanoparticle dimension and  At 20nm dimension, glass showed least CABS and cSi 10% standard deviation showed the max CSCA in Gold sample.  At 200nm dimension, glass showed the max CABS in Gold sample.

J. Effect of standard deviation on CABSORPTION  Gold in Glass Medium ( 20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 43 CABS V Wavelength (60 nm)

 CABSORPTION at 100nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation Fig. 47 CABS V Wavelength for Glass Medium

 Gold in cSi Medium (20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 44 CABS V Wavelength (100 nm)

 CABSORPTION at 160nm nanoparticle dimension and 10% standard deviation Fig. 48 CABS V Wavelength for cSi Medium

 Gold in pSi Medium ( 20nm particle dimension)

Fig. 45 CABS V Wavelength (160 nm)

 C at 200nm nanoparticle dimension and Fig. 49 CABS V Wavelength for pSi Medium ABSORPTION 10% standard deviation

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4417 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-8 Issue-5, January 2020

 Gold in aSi Medium (20nm particle dimension)  Effect of standard deviation on CSCA and QSCA

Fig. 53 QSCA/CSCA V Wavelength graph for standard Fig. 50 CABS V Wavelength for aSi Medium deviation

Result Effect of particle dimension on CABS and QABS  At 30% standard deviation, all samples show max light absorption except Gold/cSi.  Gold/cSi shows max Cabsorption at 5% std deviation similar to that of Silver/glass  At 800nm-1000nm wavelength range, Gold/pSi and Gold/aSi shows max Cabsorption.  The Normal trend is standard deviation proportional to the absorption of light.

K. Variations of CSCA, QSCA, CABS, QABS (gold/glass Fig. 54 CABS /QABS V Wavelength for different particle sample) dimension

 Effect of particle dimension on Csca and Qsca At 60nm particle dimension, Qabs is max and Cabs is min. (10% standard deviation) At 200nm particle dimension, Cabs is max

Fig. 51 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength for 10% standard  Effect of standard deviation on CABS and QABS deviation

Here we see under 100nm particle dimension, CSCA and QSCA decreasing rapidly for higher wavelengths. Above 100nm particle dimension, both CSCA and QSCA slowly reduce at higher wavelengths.

 Area Curve of QSCA Vs Wavelength

Fig. 55 CABS /QABS V wavelength for different standard deviation

RESULTS FROM SCRUTINY IN GOLD SAMPLES

 QSCA and CSCA directly proportional to the standard deviation.

 QSCA and CSCA directly proportional to particle  Fig. 51 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength for 10% standard dimension. deviation  CABS is proportional to particle dimension and QABS inversely Proportional to particle dimension.

 CABS inv. proportional to standard deviation and QABS directly proportional to standard deviation.

IV. CONCLUSION This paper helps to gain knowledge of gold surface plasmonic nanoparticles embedded in various substrate. In this paper numerous graphs on the effect of particle dimension and

standard deviation on CSCATTERING, CABSORPTION, QSCATTERING, and QABSORPTION are shown.

Fig. 52 QSCA/CSCA V wavelength

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4418 & Sciences Publication Scrutiny of Gold Surface Plasmonic Nanoparticles Embedded in Various Substrates used for Enhancing Solar Cell's Efficiency

The glass showed the max CABS and cSi showed the max CSCA in Gold sample. Amit Chakraborty, obtained his B.Tech in Electrical This paper helps to gain knowledge of gold surface plasmonic Engineering (2017) from National Institute of nanoparticles embedded in various substrate. Lastly we can Technology, and currently pursuing M.tech in summarize the paper work as follows, Instrumentation Engineering from National Institute of Technology, Agartala. He worked at Technofab Scrutiny of Gold samples shown: Engineering Limited for 1 year as a Engineer. His  CSCATTERING and QSCATTERING directly proportional to major areas of interest reside in Fabrication of organic Solar Cell, Energy the standard deviation. auditing Process, IoT based application, optimal power flow, renewable integration, etc.  CSCATTERING and QSCATTERING directly proportional to particle dimension. Anurendra Singh, obtained his B.Tech in Electrical  C is directly proportional to particle Engineering (2016) from BBDNIIT Lucknow, and ABSORPTION currently pursuing M.tech in Power System from dimension and QABSORPTION inversely proportional to National Institute of Technology, Agartala. His major particle dimension. areas of interest reside in renewable energy, Grid Integration of renewable source, Power system.  CABSORPTION is inversely proportional to standard

deviation and QABSORPTION directly proportional to Priyanath Das, was born in Tripura, India, in 1971. He standard deviation. obtained his BE (electrical) from Tripura University, his ME was completed from Bengal Engg. College, Shibpur( REFERENCES presently known as and Ph.D (engineering) in from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India. He is currently 1. Vincenzo Amendola, Roberto Pilot, Marco Frasconi, Onofrio M working as an Associate professor in the Electrical Maragò and Maria Antonia Iatì “Surface plasmon resonance in gold Engineering Department of National Institute of Technology, Agartala, nanoparticles: a review”, Journal of Physics: Condensed India. He is a life member of the Indian Society for Technical Education Matter, Volume 29, Number 20 (ISTE), Fellow of Institution of Engineers (India) (IEI), Life Member of 2. Md. Nizam Sayeed , Abdullah Al Razi, Md. Nahid Hossain and Subrata FOSET and Life Member of The Indian Institute For Technical Education. Das, “Effects of different parameters in enhancing the efficiency of His research field is Power Systems, HVDC Transmission, Solar plasmonic thin film solar cell”, International Journal of Advances in Photovoltiac Systems . Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol.2, No.1, April 2013. 3. Yu.A. Akimov, W.S. Koh, and K. Ostrikov ,“Enhancement of optical absorption in thin-film solar cells through the excitation of higher-order nanoparticle plasmon modes”, Vol. 17,pp. 10195-10205 (2009). 4. KIM,J “Surface Plasmon Resonance for Photoluminescence and Solar Cell applications”, Electronic Material Lett, pp 351-364 (2012). 5. D. Derkacs, S. H. Lim, P. Matheu, W. Mar, and E. T. Yu, “Improved performance of amorphous silicon solar cells via scattering from surface plasmon polaritons in nearby metallic nanoparticles,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 093103 (2006). 6. HAHN,D.W.(2009), Light Scattering Theory. 7. Hairen Tan, Rudi Santbergen, Arno H. M. Smets, and Miro Zeman “Plasmonic Light Trapping in Thin-film Silicon Solar Cells with Improved Self-Assembled Silver Nanoparticles” Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 4070−4076. 8. CHENG,Y. et al. (2009), Localized Surface Plasmon Resonances Caused by Ag Nanoparticles on SiN for Solar Cell Applications, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp.1488_1491. 9. CATCHPOLE, K.R. and POLMAN, A. (2008). “Plasmonic solar cells,” Opt. Express 16, 21793–21800. 10. V Shah, H. Schade, M. Vanecek, J. Meier, E. Vallat-Sauvain, N. Wyrsch, U. Kroll, C. Droz and J.Bailat, “Thin-film silicon solar cell technology”, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Application,12:pp. 113-142, 2004. 11. Feng, L.; Niu, M.; Wen, Z.; Hao, X. Recent Advances of Plasmonic Organic Solar Cells: Photophysical Investigations. Polymers 2018, 10, 123 12. BECK,F.J.(2009) Tunable light trapping for solar cells using localized surface plasmons, Journal of applied Physics 105,114310.

AUTHORS PROFILE

Diptanu Dey, was born in Tripura, India, in 1989. He received his B.Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Dr M.G .R University in 2012 and his M.Tech in Solar and Alternative Energy Engineering from Amity University, India, in 2014. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at National Institute of Technology, Agartala, India. He is a life member of Institution of Engineers (India) (IEI) His areas of interest include renewable Energy, HVDC and FACTS, Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells, Semiconductor Fabrication, Energy Auditing and Management, Solar and other Renewable Power Plant Design and setup.

Published By: Retrieval Number: E6640018520/2020©BEIESP Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering DOI:10.35940/ijrte.E6640.018520 4419 & Sciences Publication