DOCSLIB.ORG

European Initiatives Program Soros Foundation – Moldova FROM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Policy Documentation Center FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING 1 European Initiatives Program Soros Foundation – Moldova FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POLICY MAKING CARTIER 2 FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING CARTIER® Editura Cartier, SRL, str. București, nr. 68, Chișinău, MD2012. Tel./fax: 24 05 87, tel.: 24 01 95. E-mail: [email protected] Editura Codex 2000, SRL, Strada Toamnei, nr. 24, sectorul 2, București. Tel./fax: 210 80 51. E-mail: [email protected] Difuzare: București: Strada Toamnei, nr. 24, sectorul 2. Tel./fax: 210 80 51. E-mail: [email protected] Chișinău: bd. Mircea cel Bătrân, nr. 9, sectorul Ciocana. Tel.: 34 64 61. Cărţile CARTIER pot fi procurate în toate librăriile bune din România și Republica Moldova. LIBRĂRIILE CARTIER Casa Cărţii, bd. Mircea cel Bătrân, nr. 9, Chișinău. Tel.: 34 64 61. Librăria din Hol, str. București, nr. 68, Chișinău. Tel./fax: 24 10 00. Librăria Vărul Shakespeare, str. Șciusev, nr. 113, Chișinău. Tel.: 23 21 22. The current volume is based upon the individual reports written by the following experts: Ghenadie Astrahan, Veaceslav Balan, Natalia Catrinescu, Ion Coşuleanu, Ana Cuşnir, Vladimir Garaba, Valeriu Gheorghiu, Eugen Goloşceapov, Iurie Gotişan, Vladislav Gribincea, Laurenţiu Hadârcă, Lilia Ioniţă, Olimpia Iovu, Natalia Mardari, Lilia Mărgineanu, Viorel Miron, George Mocanu, Victor Moraru, Oazu Nantoi, Ion Osoian, Constantin Pârţac, Olivia Pârţac, Sergiu Stratulat, Doina Străisteanu, Ştefan Tiron, Veaceslav Ţurcan. The complete individual reports can be accessed at “Euro- forum” section of www.europa.md. Editor: Gheorghe Erizanu Traducere: Iulian Robu Lector: Patricia Fogarty Design & tehnoredactare: Vasile Ţugui Prepress: Editura Cartier Tipar: Bons Offices (nr. 342) Iulian Fruntaşu, Olesea Kovali (coord.) FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO THE POLICY MAKING Ediţia I, octombrie 2006 © 2006, Iulian Fruntaşu, Olesea Kovali (coord.), pentru prezenta ediţie. Această ediţie a apărut în 2006 la Editura Cartier. Toate drepturile rezervate. Cărţile Cartier sunt disponibile în limita stocului și a bunului de difuzare. Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naţionale a Cărţii From EUMAP implementation to the policy making / coord. Iulian Fruntaşu; cop. : Vitalie Coroban. – Ch.: Cartier, 2006 (Tipogr. “Bons Offices”). – 132 p. ISBN 978-9975-79-411-4 200 ex. 316.42 F92 ISBN 978-9975-79-411-4 FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING 3 Content List of acronyms .....................................................................................................4 Introduction ...........................................................................................................7 I. POLITICAL DIALOGUE .......................................................................................................9 II. THE TRANSNISTRIAN ISSUE ........................................................................................15 III. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REFORM .......................................................................25 IV. SOCIO-ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM .....................................33 V. TRADE LAWS AND REGULATORY REFORM ...........................................................41 VI. THE FINANCIAL AND BANKING SYSTEMS. FINANCIAL CONTROL. AUDIT ................................................................................ 48 VII. INDEPENDENCE OF JUSTICE, ORGANIZATION OF THE JUDICIARY ........ 54 VIII. MONITORING THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM ...................................................61 IX. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS .....................................65 X. ORGANIZED CRIME, TRANSBORDER CRIME AND POLICE MANAGEMENT .......................................................................................75 XI. MIGRATION (ILLEGAL, LEGAL, READMISSION, VISAS, ASYLUM) .............. 80 XII. BROADCASTING .............................................................................................................87 XIII. MEDIA ..............................................................................................................................92 XIV. HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL PROTECTION ....................................................... 96 XV. EDUCATION, YOUTH AND TRAINING ................................................................102 XVI. INFORMATION SOCIETY .........................................................................................108 XVII. ENVIRONMENT .........................................................................................................115 XVIII. TRANSPORT ..............................................................................................................121 XIX. TOURISM ...................................................................................................................... 127 4 FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING LIST OF ACRONYMS AP – Action Plan BCC – Broadcasting Coordination Council CA – Court of Accounts CC – Criminal Code CFECC – Centre for Fighting Economic Crimes and Corruption CDF – Chief Directorate for Refugees CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States CLRACE – Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe CPC – Criminal Procedure Code CPT – Council of Europe Committee for the Prevention of Torture EAS – European Administrative Space EC – European Commission ECHR – European Court for Human Rights ECMT – European Conference of Ministers of Transport ECTS – European Credit Transfer System EGPRSP – Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ENP – European Neighbourhood Policy EUMAP – EU-Moldova Action Plan EUROSAI – European Supreme Audit Institutions FDI – Foreign Direct Investments GD – Government Decision GDP – Gross Domestic Product GPO – General Prosecutor’s Office GSP – Generalized System of Preferences IMF – International Monetary Fund INTOSAI – International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions IOM – International Organization for Migration LPA – Local Public Administration MCT – Ministry of Culture and Tourism MENR – Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources MET – Ministry of Economy and Trade MEY – Ministry of Education and Youth MF – Ministry of Finance MFAEI – Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING 5 MHSP – Ministry of Health and Social Protection MIA – Ministry of Internal Affairs MID – Ministry of Information Development MJ – Ministry of Justice MLPA – Ministry of Local Public Administration MO – Monitorul Oficial (Moldova’s Official Journal) MR – Moldovan Railroads MTC – Ministry of Transport and Communications NAER – National Agency for Energy Regulation NARTI – National Agency for Regulation in Telecommunications and Informatics NBM – National Bank of Moldova NCCHT – National Committee for Combating Human Trafficking NCPA – National Competition Protection Agency NHIC – National Health Insurance Company NHRAP – National Human Rights Action Plan NMB – National Migration Bureau NPAPI – National Program for Action Plan Implementation NSB – National Statistics Bureau NSIA – National Social Insurance Agency OSCE – Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe PACE – Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe PCA – Partnership and Cooperation Agreement PMU – Project Management Unit PTDI – Pre-Trial Detention Institution SAIP – State Agency for Intellectual Property SCJ – Supreme Court of Justice SCM – Supreme Council of Magistrates SEI – State Environmental Inspectorate UNDP – United Nations Development Program UNO – United Nations Organization WB – World Bank WHO – World Health Organization WTO – World Trade Organization 6 FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING FROM EUMAP IMPLEMENTATION TO POL IC Y MAKING 7 Introduction The EUMAP is doubtless a document which carries major relevance for both Moldovan society and Moldova’s relations with the European Union. However, under the influence of a Soviet, paternalistic heritage, political decision-makers tend to approach the implementation at the EUMAP in a rather superfluous man- ner, focusing on reporting and without genuine involvement in the country’s de- mocratic and economic transformations. Therefore, the tasks of the nongovernmental, civil and academic communities are to support the process of European Integration by encouraging a shift from what seems to be an opportunist choice towards Europe to a genuine movement shared by the whole society. In this respect, the European Initiatives Program of the Soros-Moldova Foun- dation has set up—in line with its objectives to promote democratization and the values of an open society—the “Euroforum”, which is a flexible framework for consultation, monitoring and expertise. “Euroforum’s” first project is this Re- port, which is based on individual reports (see “Euroforum” at www.europa.md) contracted from independent experts in various fields, for whose professionalism in carrying out this duty we express our outmost appreciation. The individual reports have been edited in order to reduce the length of the final Report, homoge- nize the style of the writing and grant to the Report a stronger conceptual base in terms of policy development under the EUMAP and Moldova’s future integration into the European Union. This report tries to contribute to the discussion on European Integration, which is a complex process since it touches on the very essence of Moldova’s mo- dernization. Although the responsibilities following from the EUMAP are obvi- ously lower than
Recommended publications
  • ADEPT Political Commentaries

    ADEPT Political Commentaries

    ADEPT Political Commentaries September-December 2004 Concerns on the eve of elections Igor Botan, 15 September 2004 Democracy and governing in Moldova e-journal, II year, no. 37, August 30 - September 12, 2004 With the launch of the fall political season analysts and media alike engaged in assessing preparations for parliamentary elections. According to their estimates, elections might be held late May or even June next year. The source for such predictions is the Constitution itself. Paragraph 3 Article 61 of the Constitution provides that "election of Parliament members will be started not later than 3 months from the end of the previous mandate or from the dissolution of the previous Parliament". Article 63 specifies that "the mandate of the current Parliament may be extended until the structure of the new Parliament has been completed and the latter can meet in full session" that according to the same article is held "within at most 30 days from election day". That is why it is considered that Parliament mandate commences on the day of its first session. Given that the last parliamentary elections were held on February 25, while the Parliament was convened on a first session via a Presidential Decree on March 20, 2001, it is expected that parliamentary elections would be held sometime during the three months March 21 - June 21, 2005. This estimation is logical and at the first glance seems accurate. Arguments cited by those who claim election date would be set for the end of May or even June cite, derive from the supposed interests of the ruling party.
  • Winds of Change in the Transnistrian Settlement Process HIIA PAPERS Series of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs

    Winds of Change in the Transnistrian Settlement Process HIIA PAPERS Series of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs

    HIIA Papers T-2012/1 ZSUZSANNA VÉGH Winds of Change in the Transnistrian Settlement Process HIIA PAPERS Series of the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs Publisher: Hungarian Institute of International Affairs Editor and typesetting: Andrea Tevelyné Kulcsár Editorial office: H-1016 Budapest, Bérc utca 13-15. Tel.: +36 1 279-5700 Fax: +36 1 279-5701 E-mail: [email protected] www.kulugyiintezet.hu www.hiia.hu © Zsuzsanna Végh, 2012 © Hungarian Institute of International Affairs, 2012 ISSN 2060-5013 Zsuzsanna Végh Winds of Change A RESOLV A BLE CONFLI C T A T THE BO R DE R S OF THE EU R OPE A N UNION he Transnistrian conflict is often referred to as the most easily resolvable territorial conflict in the neighbourhood of the European Union (EU). The reason is the Tnature of the conflict. For one, there has been no violence since the Transnistrian war in 1992 between the Republic of Moldova and Transnistria, the separatist entity and it is very unlikely that any violent clash would occur in the future. For two, as opposed to other territorial conflicts in the post-Soviet space, the conflict between Moldova and Transnistria is not based on ethnic differences. Both Moldova and Transnistria are ethnically mixed, there is no ethnic violence between Moldovans, Russians and Ukrainians, and the inhabitants of both territories generally have multiple citizenships. The resolution, nonetheless, despite several attempts, is still only a distant goal. The EU became engaged in the resolution of the Transnistrian conflict in 2005 through the so-called ‘5+2 talks’ which got to a halt in 2006.
  • Rail Restructuring in Europe European Conference of Ministers of Transport (Ecmt)

    Rail Restructuring in Europe European Conference of Ministers of Transport (Ecmt)

    Rail Restructuring in Europe EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS TRANSPORT EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT RAIL RESTRUCTURING IN EUROPE EUROPEAN CONFERENCE OF MINISTERS OF TRANSPORT (ECMT) The European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) is an inter-governmental organisation established by a Protocol signed in Brussels on 17 October 1953. It is a forum in which Ministers responsible for transport, and more speci®cally the inland transport sector, can co-operate on policy. Within this forum, Ministers can openly discuss current problems and agree upon joint approaches aimed at improving the utilisation and at ensuring the rational development of European transport systems of international importance. At present, the ECMT's role primarily consists of: ± helping to create an integrated transport system throughout the enlarged Europe that is economically and technically ef®cient, meets the highest possible safety and environmental standards and takes full account of the social dimension; ± helping also to build a bridge between the European Union and the rest of the continent at a political level. The Council of the Conference comprises the Ministers of Transport of 39 full Member countries: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (F.Y.R.O.M.), Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, the Russian Federation, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. There are ®ve Associate member countries (Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand and the United States) and three Observer countries (Armenia, Liechtenstein and Morocco).
  • World Bank Document

    World Bank Document

    Report No. 13891 -MD Moldova TransportSector Review Public Disclosure Authorized November 16, 1995 CoLuntry Departnient IV Europe and Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized -~~~;,, . ,:,...... - f, z .. ., ... - * . L ... - .- . CURRENCY UNITS and EQUIVALENTS Lei Lei US$1 = 4.3 Lei (as of November, 1994) DM Deutsche Mark US$1 = DM 1.5435 (as of September 9, 1994) ECU European Currency Unit US$1 = ECU 0.8109 (as of September 9, 1994) USD US Dollar USc US cent WEIGHTS, MEASURES and OTHER UNITS bln billion inh inhabitant kilo, kg kilogram km kilometer M, mln million pass passenger sq km, km2 square kilometer T ton (metric, 1,000 kg) th thousand vd vehicles per day CONVERSION FACTORS 1 mile 1.609 meters 1 kg = 2.205 lbs 1 US gallon = 3.785 liters 1 sq km = 0.386 square miles CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS CXHy,HC Hydrocarbons CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide NO,, Nitrogen Oxides SO, Sulfur Dioxide GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ATC Air Traffic Control CAA Civil Aviation Administration CIF Cost-Insurance-Freight CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EDI Electronic Data Interchanges EU European Union FIATA Federation Internationale des Associations des Transitaires et Assimiles FOB Free-On-Board FSU Former Soviet Union GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDI Gross Domestic Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product IATA International Air Transport Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IMF International
  • University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

    University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting

    ETHNIC WAR AND PEACE IN POST-SOVIET EURASIA By SCOTT GRANT FEINSTEIN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Scott Grant Feinstein To my Mom and Dad ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the course of completing this monograph I benefited enormously from the generosity of others. To my committee chair, Benjamin B. Smith, I express my sincere appreciation for his encouragement and guidance. Ben not only taught me to systematically research political phenomena, but also the importance of pursuing a complete and parsimonious explanation. Throughout my doctoral studies Ben remained dedicated to me and my research, and with his incredible patience he tolerated and motivated my winding intellectual path. I thank my committee co-chair, Michael Bernhard, for his hours spent reading early manuscript drafts, support in pursuing a multi-country project, and detailed attention to clear writing. Michael’s appreciation of my dissertation vision and capacity gave this research project its legs. Ben and Michael provided me exceptionally valuable advice. I am also indebted to the help provided by my other committee members – Conor O’Dwyer, Ingrid Kleespies and Beth Rosenson – who inspired creativity and scientific rigor, always provided thoughtful and useful comments, and kept me searching for the big picture. Among institutions, I wish to gratefully acknowledge the support of the Center of European Studies at the University of Florida, IIE Fulbright Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, IREX, the American Councils, and the Department of Political Science at the University of Florida.
  • Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Groups and Economic Sectors in the Republic of Moldova

    Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Groups and Economic Sectors in the Republic of Moldova

    Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Groups and Economic Sectors in the Republic of Moldova Impact Assessment Report November 2020 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova Impact Assessment Report November 2020 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups UNDP and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova UNDP is the leading United Nations organization fighting to end the injustice of poverty, inequality, and climate change. Working with our broad network of experts and partners in 170 countries, we help nations to build integrated, lasting solutions for people and planet. This Socio-Economic Impact Assessment was produced with the financial and technical assistance of UNDP and UNFPA Moldova and with support from the State Chancellery of the Republic of Moldova. The analytical part was commissioned to PwC. The content of this publication is the sole re- sponsibility of the author and does not necessary represent the views of the UNDP and UNFPA. The data used for the analysis cover the period from May to October 2020. Copyright: UNDP Moldova, 2020 3 Social and Economic Impact Assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable groups UNDP and economic sectors in the Republic of Moldova Foreword The Republic of Moldova is going through a difficult pe- riod, characterized by multiple challenges. The coronavi- rus pandemic, currently faced by the entire humankind, has shown that the old means and approaches are inef- fective, forcing us to reinvent how to deal with an unprec- edented threat that does not take into account national borders, race or social status.
  • “Sheriff” in Town: Corruption and Captive Markets in Transnistria

    “Sheriff” in Town: Corruption and Captive Markets in Transnistria

    There’s a new “Sheriff” in Town: Corruption and Captive Markets in Transnistria Michael Bobick Cornell University Havighurst Center Miami University Young Researcher’s Conference 2012 Please do note cite without the author’s permission Abstract Crime and corruption have plagued Transnistria since its initial declaration of independence in 1990. Transnistria has all of the requisite symbolic and institutional aspects of statehood but lacks international recognition. Transnistria’s economy, like the state itself, exists outside of any normative regulatory or juridical framework. Long viewed a black spot on the political map of Europe, the region’s economy has played a central role in illicit transactions throughout the post-Soviet period. This paper explores the issue of corruption in Transnistria through the lens of a single company, Sheriff. As a holding company that controls the vast majority of the region’s profitable enterprises, Sheriff is the most visible economic entity in the region (its businesses include supermarkets, gas stations, internet, telecommunications, textile production, broadcast and cable television, auto sales, publishing, cognac production, light manufacturing, publishing, and advertising). Sheriff has turned Transnistria’s liminality into a means of generating immense profits and rents due to its close relationship to the state. Yet Sheriff serves as a crucial buffer between residents who face an otherwise bleak material existence, offering both charity and other modern conveniences to residents. Sheriff has, in the words of one informant, brought a “civilized” consumer experience to the region. This paper examines the wider political context that gave rise to Sheriff (i.e., its murky rise to its monopoly position), its position as a facilitator of illicit economic transactions, and how Sheriff, through its provisioning of goods and services, displaces, masks, and ultimately disarms allegations of corruption both inside and outside of the region.
  • ECONOMICA Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică

    ECONOMICA Revistă Ştiinţifico-Didactică

    ECONOMIE GENERALĂ / ECONOMICS ACADEMIA DE STUDII ECONOMICE DIN MOLDOVA ECONOMICA Revistă ştiinţifico-didactică An. XIX, nr.1 (75), martie 2011 © Departamentul Editorial–Poligrafic al ASEM Revista / Journal „ECONOMICA” nr.1(75) 2011 1 ECONOMIE GENERALĂ / ECONOMICS COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: Prof. univ. dr. hab. Ion BOLUN, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. hab. Vasile BUCUR, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. dr. Piotr BULA, Academia de Economie din Kracovia, Polonia Prof. univ. dr. hab. Eugenia FEURAŞ, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. dr. hab. Iurii MACAGON, Universitatea Naţională, Ucraina Prof. univ. dr. hab. Vitalii MACAROV, Academia de Ştiinţe, Rusia Prof. univ. dr., acad. Anatolie MAZARACHI, Universitatea Naţională de Comerţ şi Economie din Kiev, Ucraina Prof. univ. dr. hab. m.c. al AŞM Gheorghe MIŞCOI, Academia de Ştiinţe a Moldovei Prof. univ. dr. hab. m.c. al AŞM Dumitru MOLDOVAN, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. Ion PETRESCU, Universitatea „Spiru Haret”, Braşov, România Prof. dr. Alban RISCHARD, Universitatea „Pierre Mendès France de Grenoble”, Franţa Prof. dr. Agop SARKISEAN, Academia de Economie din Sviştov, Bulgaria Prof. univ. dr. Ioan-Franc N. VALERIU, Institutul de Cercetări Economice al Academiei Române Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe ZAMAN, m.c. al Academiei Române, Institutul de Economie Naţională Prof. univ. dr. hab. Rodica HÂNCU, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Prof. univ. dr. Oleg STRATULAT, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Marina BELOSTECINIC, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Nadejda BOTNARI, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf. univ. dr. Oxana SAVCIUC, Academia de Studii Economice din Moldova Conf.
  • Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (2) Republic of Moldova

    Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (2) Republic of Moldova

    Pridnestrovian War Cabinet Public Character Profiles (1) Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (2) Republic of Moldova Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic Igor Smirnov - President of Transnistria ● Focus: Transnistrian independence and recognition, sustained territorial control ● Responsibilities: Military, Ideological, Cultural ● Resources: Full standing Transnistrian military (Shares this with Atamaniuk and Chitac) An active member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union since 1960, Smirnov has played an integral role in the politics of Moldova and , later, the PMR for decades. He served as the director for a number of different electrical plants, which allowed for him to build his political reputation. In 1989, he became the chairman of the city council of Tiraspol and only a year later the president of the PMR. Aleksandr Lebed - Co-Commander of the Russian 14th Army ● Focus: Expanding Russian influence in Transnistria, re-establishing Russian influence in Moldova ● Responsibilities: Military, Ideological ● Resources: Russian 14th Army A decorated Russian military commander, Aleksandr Lebed successfully lead campaigns in Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Afghanistan before being given co-command of the Russian 14th Army. Understanding that Commander Lebed held a firm sense of Patriotism, the Russian government trusted him with leadership of the 14th Army knowing that he would possess the same goals as his native Russia. Yury Netkachev - Co-commander of the Russian 14th Army ● Focus: Strengthen and support the Transnistrian military ● Responsibilities: Military ● Resources: Russian 14th Army The former independent commander of the Russian 14th Army, he was responsible for supplying the separatists in the newly founded PMR with a wealth of weapons. Moscow was not in favour of the commander letting arms fall into the hands of a potentially dangerous faction.
  • Moldova Page 1 of 16

    Moldova Page 1 of 16

    Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in Moldova Page 1 of 16 Moldova Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2006 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 6, 2007 Moldova is a parliamentary republic, with a population of approximately 3.39 million, excluding the estimated 555,000 residents living in the secessionist-controlled region of Transnistria. The constitution provides for a multiparty representative government with power divided among a president, cabinet, a unicameral parliament, and the judiciary. Parliamentary elections in March 2005 generally complied with most international standards for democratic elections. In April 2005 parliament reelected Communist Party leader Vladimir Voronin as president for a second term. In 1990 separatist elements supported by Russian military forces in the area declared a "Transdniester Moldovan Republic," which lies east of the Dniester River along the border with Ukraine. The government has no authority in Transnistria. Unless otherwise stated, all references herein exclude the secessionist region. Voting for March 2005 parliamentary election did not take place in the area east of the Dniester River; however, more than 8,000 voters residing in Transnistria were able to vote at polling stations established by the government on government-controlled territory. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces. The government generally respected the human rights of its citizens; however, there were problems in some areas. Security
  • The Moldovan Case

    The Moldovan Case

    WARNING! The views expressed in FMSO publications and reports are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. TERRITORIAL DIMENSIONS OF ETHNIC CONFLICT: THE MOLDOVAN CASE LTC Neil V. Lamont, U.S. Army Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS. A version of this article appeared in The linked image cannot be displayed. The file may have been moved, renamed, or deleted. Verify that the link points to the correct file and location. Military Review December-February 1995 under the title: Ethnic Conflict in the Transdniester Daily you hear or read about armed conflicts occurring or new hostilitiesz breaking out in areas of the former Soviet Union. Soviet newspapers and television carry regular reports of these conflicts. One of those regularly interviewed is Lieutenant General Alexandr Lebed, the commander of the Russian 14th Army in Moldova 1 and an outspoken advocate of decisive action to support Russian interests in that region. The failed Soviet Empire is a region of diverse nationalities possessing different backgrounds, religions, customs and traditions, which has been pulled apart by complex inter-ethnic disputes. Lebed and his Army are symptomatic of this problem. Although introduction of democratic institutions, thoughts and practices has produced some positive changes, in fact, the very pace of this reform, in some measure, has contributed to turmoil and strife that threatens the stability of this huge and critically important region. One aspect of this complex problem is the resolution of border conflicts among the new states created when the former Soviet Union dissolved.
  • The Next Crimea? Getting Russia's Transnistria Policy Right

    The Next Crimea? Getting Russia's Transnistria Policy Right

    Adrian Rogstad The next Crimea? getting Russia’s Transnistria policy right Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Rogstad, Adrian (2016) The next Crimea? getting Russia’s Transnistria policy right. Problems of Post-Communism . ISSN 1075-8216 DOI: 10.1080/10758216.2016.1237855 © 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68611/ Available in LSE Research Online: December 2016 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL ( http://eprints.lse.ac.uk ) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Title Page The next Crimea? Getting Russia’s Transnistria policy right Author: Adrian Rogstad, PhD Candidate, Department of International Relations, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea in March 2014 sparked so far unrealised international fears that the pro-Russian separatist republic of Transnistria in Moldova might be the next object of Russian territorial revisionism.