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CANADIAN TERRORISTS by the NUMBERS an Assessment of Canadians Joining and Supporting Terrorist Groups

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CANADIAN TERRORISTS by the NUMBERS an Assessment of Canadians Joining and Supporting Terrorist Groups A Macdonald-Laurier Institute Publication CANADIAN TERRORISTS BY THE NUMBERS An Assessment of Canadians Joining and Supporting Terrorist Groups Alex Wilner with Irfan Yar April 2019 October 2018 Board of Directors CHAIR Richard Fadden Pierre Casgrain Former National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister, Director and Corporate Secretary, Ottawa Casgrain & Company Limited, Montreal Brian Flemming VICE-CHAIR International lawyer, writer, and policy advisor, Halifax Laura Jones Robert Fulford Executive Vice-President of the Canadian Federation Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, of Independent Business, Vancouver columnist with the National Post, Ottawa MANAGING DIRECTOR Wayne Gudbranson Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa SECRETARY Calvin Helin Vaughn MacLellan Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Peter John Nicholson TREASURER Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Martin MacKinnon Annapolis Royal CFO, Black Bull Resources Inc., Halifax Hon. Jim Peterson DIRECTORS Former federal cabinet minister, Blaine Favel Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Executive Chairman, One Earth Oil and Gas, Calgary Barry Sookman Jayson Myers Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Toronto Chief Executive Officer, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Inc., Aberfoyle Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Dan Nowlan Sydney Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank Financial, Toronto Vijay Sappani Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer, Research Advisory Board TerrAscend, Mississauga Veso Sobot Janet Ajzenstat Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Group of Professor Emeritus of Politics, McMaster University Companies, Toronto Brian Ferguson Professor, Health Care Economics, University of Guelph Jack Granatstein Advisory Council Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Patrick James John Beck Dornsife Dean’s Professor, President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Inc., Toronto University of Southern California Erin Chutter Rainer Knopff Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Corporation Professor Emeritus of Politics, University of Calgary Vancouver Larry Martin Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Associates and Partner, President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp., Calgary Agri-Food Management Excellence, Inc. Jim Dinning Christopher Sands Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Senior Research Professor, Johns Hopkins University David Emerson William Watson Corporate Director, Vancouver Associate Professor of Economics, McGill University For more information visit: www.MacdonaldLaurier.ca Board of Directors CHAIR Richard Fadden Pierre Casgrain Former National Security Advisor to the Prime Minister, Director and Corporate Secretary, Ottawa Casgrain & Company Limited, Montreal Brian Flemming VICE-CHAIR International lawyer, writer, and policy advisor, Halifax Laura Jones Robert Fulford Executive Vice-President of the Canadian Federation Former Editor of Saturday Night magazine, of Independent Business, Vancouver columnist with the National Post, Ottawa MANAGING DIRECTOR Wayne Gudbranson Brian Lee Crowley, Ottawa CEO, Branham Group Inc., Ottawa SECRETARY Calvin Helin Vaughn MacLellan Aboriginal author and entrepreneur, Vancouver DLA Piper (Canada) LLP, Toronto Peter John Nicholson Table of contents TREASURER Inaugural President, Council of Canadian Academies, Martin MacKinnon Annapolis Royal CFO, Black Bull Resources Inc., Halifax Hon. Jim Peterson DIRECTORS Former federal cabinet minister, Blaine Favel Counsel at Fasken Martineau, Toronto Executive Chairman, One Earth Oil and Gas, Calgary Executive Summary ............................................................................................................4 Barry Sookman Jayson Myers Senior Partner, McCarthy Tétrault, Toronto Sommaire ............................................................................................................................6 Chief Executive Officer, Jayson Myers Public Affairs Inc., Aberfoyle Jacquelyn Thayer Scott Introduction ........................................................................................................................8 Past President and Professor, Cape Breton University, Dan Nowlan Sydney Vice Chair, Investment Banking, National Bank The Global Context .............................................................................................................9 Financial, Toronto Vijay Sappani The Canadian Context .....................................................................................................19 Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer, Research Advisory Board TerrAscend, Mississauga Vignettes ...........................................................................................................................26 Janet Ajzenstat Veso Sobot Conclusion .......................................................................................................................33 Director of Corporate Affairs, IPEX Group of Professor Emeritus of Politics, McMaster University Companies, Toronto Brian Ferguson About the Authors .............................................................................................................34 Professor, Health Care Economics, University of Guelph Jack Granatstein References .........................................................................................................................35 Advisory Council Historian and former head of the Canadian War Museum Patrick James Endnotes............................................................................................................................43 John Beck Dornsife Dean’s Professor, President and CEO, Aecon Enterprises Inc., Toronto University of Southern California Erin Chutter Rainer Knopff I wanted to thank Alfonso Marin-Aponte and Caleb Chaplin for their help in the research Executive Chair, Global Energy Metals Corporation Professor Emeritus of Politics, University of Calgary and writing of this report. –AW Vancouver Larry Martin Navjeet (Bob) Dhillon Principal, Dr. Larry Martin and Associates and Partner, President and CEO, Mainstreet Equity Corp., Calgary Agri-Food Management Excellence, Inc. Jim Dinning Christopher Sands The authors of this document have worked independently and are solely responsible Former Treasurer of Alberta, Calgary Senior Research Professor, Johns Hopkins University for the views presented here. The opinions are not necessarily those of David Emerson William Watson Corporate Director, Vancouver Associate Professor of Economics, McGill University the Macdonald-Laurier Institute, its Directors or Supporters. Copyright © 2019 Macdonald-Laurier Institute. May be reproduced freely for non-profit and educational purposes. Executive Summary anadian involvement with Islamist (or Salafi-Jihadi) militancy did not start with ISIS. Nor Cwill it end with ISIS. Canada’s ISIS recruits, put into a larger historical context, are but a contemporary example of Canadian citizens supporting militancy, both at home and abroad. This report is an exploration of the phenomenon of Canadians joining and supporting terror- ist organizations and militant movements associated with ISIS, Al-Qaeda, and other similar groups. Complementing previous research on the composition and motivation of foreign fighters and Canadian terrorists, this report uses open access information to provide a detailed sketch of in- dividuals suspected of having facilitated, sponsored, or participated in terrorism between 2006 and 2017. It establishes a dataset of 95 individuals with a nexus to Canada who have, or are suspected of having, radicalized, mo- bilized, and/or participated in Islamist terrorist activity between 2006 and 2017. As in all similar studies of con- temporary European or US jihadist vio- lence, the individuals captured by our This report uses open study are remarkably diverse in their ethnic origins, social and economic sta- access information to tus, educational and vocational accom- provide a detailed sketch plishments, gender, and so on. The analysis sheds light on several of individuals suspected of fronts. It provides a snapshot of the particular militant groups Canadians having facilitated, sponsored, have historically gravitated to, and in- formation on individual characteristics or participated in terrorism. and traits, including on gender, educa- tion, upbringing, family, and cultural and religious background. And, when compared to similar research conduct- ed in other countries, including the US, UK, and several other European states, this report adds international context to Canada’s experience, highlighting how Canadian militants compare to their foreign counter- parts. To better illustrate the particular backgrounds of Canadian terrorists and suspected mil- itants, this paper showcases short vignettes detailing four individuals: Sabrine Djermane, Awso Peshdary, John Maguire, and Mohammed El Shaer. These vignettes offer a narrative account of how each individual became radicalized, and in some cases, participated in political violence and terrorism. Put together, this report assesses national trends in the support of domestic and international terrorism, and better informs Canada’s evolving counterterrorism, counter-radicalization, and intelligence-gathering policies and strategies. Some of the key findings from this dataset of 95 individuals include: 4 CANADIAN TERRORISTS BY THE NUMBERS: An assessment of Canadians joining and supporting terrorist groups • Men made up 95 percent
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