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Teşekkür Kaydedilmiştir Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Zobar ve Genç, 2008 5 (3) Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi Gündüz Kelebekleri (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera)1 D. Zobar H. Genç Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Çanakkale Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Terzioğlu Yerleşkesinde bulunan Lepidoptera takımına ait kelebek türlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2005–2007 yılları arasında survey ve laboratuvar çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Lepidoptera takımında bulunan 5 familyaya ait, 44 tür elde edilmiştir. Yerleşke sınırları içerisinde, Rhopalocera alt takımı içerisinde Nymphalidae familyası en zengin tür sayısına (23) sahiptir. Bunu, Pieridae (8), Hesperiidae (5), Papillionidae (4) ve Lycaenidae (4) familyaları takip etmektedir. Yerleşkede Pieris brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi, Colias crocea, Iphiclides podalirius ve Melanargia larissa en sık görülen türler olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar sözcükler: Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi The Studies on Diurnal Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Terzioğlu Campus The purpose of the study is to determine lepidopteran species on Terzioğlu Campus during March 2005– April 2007. We surveyed Rhopalocera butterflies in Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioğlu Campus, in Çanakkale, Turkey. In this study, total of 44 species belonging to to Papilionidae (4), Nymphalidae (23), Pieridae (8), Lycaenidae (4) and Hesperiidae (5), were identified. The most abundant species throughout the campus are Pieris brassicae, P. rapae, P. napi, Colias crocea, Iphiclides podalirius, and Melanargia larissa. Key words: Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Giriş Lepidoptera takımı üyeleri gerek geçirdikleri entomologlar (Kansu, 1961; Kansu, 1962; olağanüstü başkalaşım gerekse birbirinden Kansu, 1963; Öktem, 1962; Koçak, 1975; güzel renk ve desenleri ile entomoloji biliminin Koçak, 1976; Koçak 1989; Doğanlar ve ark. ilgi konusu olmayı başarmıştır. Lepidoptera 1981; Kornoşor et al. 1996; Kovancı et al. 1996 takımı ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar, özellikle ve Akbulut et al. 2003) tarafından tarım ürünlerinde ekonomik öneme sahip sürdürülmüştür (Kovancı ve ark., 2007). türlerin bulunduğu Pieridae, Pyralidae, Kelebeklerin nispeten iyi bilinen taksonomi Noctuidae, Arctiidae, Lymantridae, Cossidae, bilgileri bulunmakla birlikte, günümüzde teşhis Gelechiidae ve Tortricidae familyaları üzerinde çalışmaları daha çok moleküler biyoloji yoğunlaşmıştır. Ülkemizde Rhopalocera faunası yöntemleri kullanılarak türler içi ve türlerin üzerindeki çalışmalar Avrupalı entomologlar birbirlerine olan yakınlık dereceleri tarafından (Fountaine, 1904 ve Hesselbarth ve belirlenmektedir (Holloway, 1980; Woiwod ve ark. 1995) 19. yüzyılda başlatılmış olup 20. Thomas, 1993 ve Luff ve Woiwod, 1995). yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Türk 1 Bu çalışma 09–11–2007 tarihinde Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü tarafından kabul edilen Yüksek Lisans Tezinin bir bölümü olup, 2005/33 nolu proje kapsamında Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın bir kısmı 8. Avrupa Entomoloji Kongresinde özet (poster) olarak sunulmuştur. 309 Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Zobar ve Genç, 2008 5 (3) Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Çanakkale ilinin şehirleşme sürecinde (Tilia tomentosa), söğüt (Salix spp.), katalpa özellikle üniversitenin yerleşim merkezi ile olan (Catalpa bignonioides), erguvan (Cercis ilişkileri, alanda yapılacak ekolojik çalışmalara siliquastrum), oya (Lagerstroemia indica), kaynak oluşturacak nitelikte olması yönünden leylak (Syringa vulgaris), süs eriği (Prunus kelebek türlerinin belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu cerasifera atropurpurea) ve süs elması (Malus çalışmada yerleşme konumu ve konukçu bitki floribunda)‟ndan oluşan çeşitlilik göze çeşitliği ile kelebeklerin önemli yaşam çarpmaktadır. Bu türlerin yanı sıra ateş dikeni alanlarını barındıran Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart (Pyracantha coccinea), kartopu (Viburnum Üniversitesi, Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi pilot bölge spp.), zakkum (Nerium oleander) gibi çiçekli seçilerek, Çanakkale Merkezde bulunan çalı formundaki bitkiler kelebekler için nektar Rhopalocera alt takımına ait kelebek türleri ve kaynağını oluşturmaktadır. Bunların dışında bugünkü durumlarının belirlenmesi yerleşkede ve çevresinde çok yıllık otsu ve amaçlanmıştır. odunsu bitki türleri olarak banotu (Hyoscyamus niger), yabani soğan (Allium sp), güzelavratotu Materyal ve Yöntem (Atropa belladonna), tatula (Datura Çalışma 2005–2007 yılları arasında stramonium), safran (Crocus fleischeri), deve Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi (ÇOMÜ) dikeni (Cirsium mille), kabak (Cucurbita ‟nin Terzioğlu Yerleşkesi‟nde yürütülmüştür. pepo), hazeran (Consolida oriantalis), şahtere Çalışma Alanı: (Fumaria sp.), kırlangıç otu (Chelidonium Çanakkale ilinin güney kısmında ve eğimli- majus), lavanta (Lavandula stoechas), adaçayı dağlık arazi sınıfında yer almaktadır. Çevresi; (Salvia sp.), kedi otu (Valeriana alsicinalis), kuzeyde Sarıcaeli, güneyde Kalabaklı Köyü, papatya (Matricaria chamomilla), kantaron doğuda Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi (Hypericium perforatum), geven (Astrogallus Radar tesisleri ve batıda İzmir-Çanakkale ajubensis), kayış kıran (Ononis spinosa), karayolu ile çevrilidir (Şekil 1). Eğimli bir arazi ısırgan otu (Urtica dioica), sinirli ot (Plantago üzerinde konumlanmış olan yerleşke alanı, lanceolata), sığır kuyruğu (Verbascum sp), toplamda 319 ha oluşmaktadır. Alanın büyük sumak (Rhus typhina), kuzu kulağı (Rumex bir kısmı 0–20º‟lik eğim aralığındadır. Çalışma acetosa) floranın zenginliğine katkı alanının sınırları ve kodları 1 m yatay ve 30 cm sağlamaktadır (Serez ve ark., 1999). düşey hassasiyete sahip küresel konum Örnekleme Yöntemleri: belirleme aleti (GPS Explorer) ile Çalışma Mart-Kasım ayları boyunca haftada belirlenmiştir. En düşük kod Bursa-İzmir kara 4 kez ve gündüz kelebeklerinin uçuşlarının en yoluna sınırında 2 m olarak belirlenmiştir. yoğun olduğu 10:00–16:00 saatlerinde yapılan Çalışma alanında en yüksek kod 416 m ile en arazi çıkışlarında atrapla yakalama, elle düşük kodun 2,5 km doğusunda bulunan toplama ve kelebek yürümesi (Pollard, 1977) ÇOMU Radar Tepesidir (Serez ve ark., 1999). yöntemleri kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Toplanan Yerleşke alanının 20 ha‟ lık kısmında fakülte ve ergin bireyler kanatlarının zarar görmemesi için diğer idari binalar yer almaktadır. Bu alan thorax kısmından kısa süreli sıkılarak dışında, arazinin yüksek kısımlarında yer alan öldürülmüş ve etiket bilgileri yazılan küçük 106 ha ormanlık alanda iğne yapraklı ağaç glassine zarflarına konularak laboratuvara türleri bulunmaktadır. Bu alanlarda yoğun getirilmiştir. Tüm kelebekler iğnelenerek olarak kızılçam (Pinus brutia), ardıç (Juniperus kanatları gerilmiş, kurutulduktan sonra sp.), menengiç (Pistacia terebinthus), defne koleksiyon dolaplarına yerleştirilmiştir. (Lauris nobilis), funda (Erica verticillata), Türlerin teşhisinde Tolman (1997); Opler sandal (Arbutus andrachne), dikenli geven (1998); Glassberg ve ark., (2000), Castner (Astragalus sp.), akçakesme (Phillyrea (2000) ve Hesselbarth ve ark. (1995)‟ dan latifolia), karaçalı (Paliurus spina) Fıstık Çamı yararlanılmıştır. Tanısı yapılamayan ya da (Pinus pinea) ve bazı meşe (Quercus spp.) doğrulanmasına gerek duyulan örneklerden türleri izlemektedir (Serez ve ark., 1999). Colias cinsine bağlı olanların tanısı Prof. Dr. Yerleşkenin alt kısımlarda; tespih ağacı Ahmet Ömer KOÇAK (Yüzüncü Yıl (Euonymus japonica), mavi selvi (Cupressus Üniversitesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, 65080, Van macrocarpa), sedir (Cedrus spp.), ıhlamur Türkiye) tarafından yapılmıştır. 310 Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi Zobar ve Genç, 2008 5 (3) Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty Şekil. 1. Terzioğlu Yerleşke alanının haritası ve çalışma alanının sınırları (Anonim, 1999). Figure 1. The map of Terzioğlu Campus and the borders of study area (Anonymus, 1999). Tespit edilen türlerin statüleri çalışma yapılan alanın en az % 20‟sinde bulunan türler yaygın Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775) ve diğerleri ender türler olarak kabul edilmiştir. İncelenen materyal: 24.IV.2006, (2♀♀); Yakalanan ve tanısı yapılan kelebekler 12.VI.2006, (1♀); 11.VII.2006, (1♂). Toplam 4 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, Ziraat birey. Türe ait bireyler toprakta ve uçuş halinde Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü Kampüs botanik bahçesinde yakalanmıştır. koleksiyonlarında saklanmaktadır. Türkiye’deki Yayılışı: Her bölgede bulunur (Baytaş, 2007). Bulgular ve Tartışma Larva Konukçu Bitkileri: Brachypodium Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi sylvaticum, Elymus repens ve Calamagrostis (ÇOMÜ)‟nin Terzioğlu Kampüsü‟nde, 2005– epigejos (Tolman, 1997). 2007 yılları arasında yapılan bu çalışmada, toplam 499 birey yakalanarak 5 familyaya bağlı Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, 1777) 44 tür tespit edilmiştir. Türlerin cinsiyeti, İncelenen materyal: 29.V.2006, (2♂♂); sayısı, yakalandıkları yer ve tarih bilgileri 12.VI.2006, (1♂); 11.VII.2006, (1♀). Toplam belirtilmiştir. Ayrıca dünyadaki yayılış alanları 4 birey. Türe ait bireyler toprakta ve uçuş ve larva konukçu bitkileri konusunda halinde Yerleşke botanik bahçesinde literatürden yararlanılarak bilgi verilmiştir. yakalanmıştır. Familya: Hesperiidae Türkiye’deki Yayılışı: Ege, Batı Marmara ve Alt familya: Hesperiinae İç Anadolu bölgeleri hariç diğer bölgelerde Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761) (Baytaş, 2007). İncelenen materyal: 16.VI.2006, (1♀);
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