Pharmacovigilance Monitoring Product Safety to Protect Patients
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Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 Towards Eliminating Avoidable Harm in Health Care
GLOBAL PATIENT SAFETY ACTION PLAN 2021–2030 Towards Eliminating Avoidable Harm in Health Care Second Draft November 2020 Table of Contents Overview of the Global Patient Safety Action Plan 2021–2030 ................................................................................................................v Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................................................................vii 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Background .................................................................................................................................................................................................1 The emergence of patient safety thinking .....................................................................................................................2 The global burden of unsafe care ......................................................................................................................................2 The evolution of the global patient safety movement ..............................................................................................3 COVID–19: A broader concept of avoidable harm ......................................................................................................6 -
Drug Safety in Translational Paediatric Research: Practical Points to Consider for Paediatric Safety Profiling and Protocol Development: a Scoping Review
pharmaceutics Review Drug Safety in Translational Paediatric Research: Practical Points to Consider for Paediatric Safety Profiling and Protocol Development: A Scoping Review Beate Aurich 1 and Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain 1,2,* 1 Department of Pharmacology, Saint-Louis Hospital, 75010 Paris, France; [email protected] 2 Paris University, 75010 Paris, France * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Translational paediatric drug development includes the exchange between basic, clinical and population-based research to improve the health of children. This includes the assessment of treatment related risks and their management. The objectives of this scoping review were to search and summarise the literature for practical guidance on how to establish a paediatric safety specification and its integration into a paediatric protocol. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and websites of regulatory authorities and learned societies were searched (up to 31 December 2020). Retrieved citations were screened and full texts reviewed where applicable. A total of 3480 publica- tions were retrieved. No article was identified providing practical guidance. An introduction to the practical aspects of paediatric safety profiling and protocol development is provided by combining health authority and learned society guidelines with the specifics of paediatric research. The paedi- atric safety specification informs paediatric protocol development by, for example, highlighting the Citation: Aurich, B.; Jacqz-Aigrain, E. need for a pharmacokinetic study prior to a paediatric trial. It also informs safety related protocol Drug Safety in Translational Paediatric Research: Practical Points sections such as exclusion criteria, safety monitoring and risk management. In conclusion, safety to Consider for Paediatric Safety related protocol sections require an understanding of the paediatric safety specification. -
Guideline on the Conduct of Pharmacovigilance for Vaccines for Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against Infectious Diseases
European Medicines Agency London, 22 July 2009 Doc. Ref. EMEA/CHMP/PhVWP/503449/2007 COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE (CHMP) GUIDELINE ON THE CONDUCT OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE FOR VACCINES FOR PRE- AND POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES DRAFT AGREED BY PHARMACOVIGILANCE WORKING March 2008 PARTY (PhVWP) CONSULTATION WITH PAEDIATRIC COMMITTEE (PDCO) March – July 2008 AND VACCINE WORKING PARTY (VWP) ADOPTION BY CHMP FOR RELEASE FOR PUBLIC 25 September 2008 CONSULTATION END OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION (DEADLINE FOR 31 December 2008 COMMENTS) AGREED BY PhVWP July 2009 ADOPTION BY CHMP July 2009 TRANSMISSION TO EC (This Guideline will become part of Volume August 2009 9A of the Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the EU). DATE FOR COMING INTO EFFECT 1 October 2009 KEYWORDS Guideline, Pharmacovigilance, Clinical Safety, Surveillance, Risk Management, Vaccines, Immunisation, Infectious Diseases, Children, Paediatric Medicines, Suspected Transmission of Infectious Agents via a Medicinal Product 7 Westferry Circus, Canary Wharf, London, E14 4HB, UK Tel. (44-20) 74 18 84 00 Fax (44-20) E-mail: [email protected] http://www.emea.europa.eu ©EMEA 2009 Reproduction and/or distribution of this document is authorised for non commercial purposes only provided the EMEA is acknowledged GUIDELINE ON THE CONDUCT OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE FOR VACCINES FOR PRE- AND POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST INFECTIOUS DISEASES TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY_______________________________________________________ 3 1. Introduction ____________________________________________________________ -
A Health Equity Lens on Patient Safety and Quality
UCSF Center for Vulnerable UCSF School UCSF Department Populations at Zuckerberg of Medicine of Epidemiology San Francisco General and Biostatistics Hospital A Health Equity Lens on Patient Safety and Quality Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS Lee Goldman, MD Endowed Chair in Medicine Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine Vice Dean for Population Health and Health Equity 10/26/2018 Braveman P, Arkin E, Orleans T, Proctor D, and Plough A. What Is Health Equity? And What Difference Does a Definition Make? Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2017. Partnering for Health Equity . The fierce urgency of now Can we advance patient safety AND equity at the same time? 4 YES! Deliberate action, Informed choices, Creating a culture of quality and safety for all 5 The inequality paradox 6 Frohlich and Potvin, AJPH 2008 Number and percentage of quality measures for which income groups experienced better, same, or worse quality of care compared with reference group (high income), 2014-2015 7 AHRQ 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Number and percentage of quality measures with disparity at baseline for which disparities related to income were improving, not changing, or worsening (2000 through 2014-2015) 8 AHRQ 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Number and percentage of quality measures for which members of selected groups experienced better, same, or worse quality of care compared with reference group (White) in 2014-2015 9 AHRQ 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Number and percentage of quality measures with disparity at baseline for which disparities related to race and ethnicity were improving, not changing, or worsening (2000 through 2014-2015) 10 AHRQ 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Number and percentage of quality and access measures for which members of selected groups experienced better, same, or worse quality of care compared with reference group in 2014-2015, by geographic location 11 AHRQ 2016 National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report 1. -
Guidance for Industry E2E Pharmacovigilance Planning
Guidance for Industry E2E Pharmacovigilance Planning U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) April 2005 ICH Guidance for Industry E2E Pharmacovigilance Planning Additional copies are available from: Office of Training and Communication Division of Drug Information, HFD-240 Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 (Tel) 301-827-4573 http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/index.htm Office of Communication, Training and Manufacturers Assistance, HFM-40 Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448 http://www.fda.gov/cber/guidelines.htm. (Tel) Voice Information System at 800-835-4709 or 301-827-1800 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) April 2005 ICH Contains Nonbinding Recommendations TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION (1, 1.1) ................................................................................................... 1 A. Background (1.2) ..................................................................................................................2 B. Scope of the Guidance (1.3)...................................................................................................2 II. SAFETY SPECIFICATION (2) ..................................................................................... -
Improving Quality and Achieving Equity: a Guide for Hospital Leaders
Institute for Health Policy Improving Quality and Achieving Equity: A Guide for Hospital Leaders 1 2 Improving Quality and Achieving Equity: A Guide for Hospital Leaders Acknowledgements The Disparities Solutions Center would like to extend our sincerest gratitude to The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation for their generous support for the development and design of Improving Quality and Achieving Equity: A Guide for Hospital Leaders, and in particular Pamela Dickson, MBA, formerly our Project Officer, now Deputy Director of the Health Care Group, for her guidance and advice. We would like to extend our special thanks to all of the hospital leaders who agreed to be interviewed for this project, as well as the hospitals who allowed us to conduct a more extended site visit to develop the case studies presented here. We would also like to thank our Sounding Board for this project, which provided input and feedback from conception to design, as well as the reviewers who graciously agreed to share their perspectives and expertise to make this a practical, effective tool for real-world hospital leaders. We are deeply appreciative of Ann McAlearney, ScD, MS, Assistant Professor, Division of Health Services Management and Policy, Ohio State University School of Public Health, and Sunita Mutha, MD, FACP, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Center for the Health Professions, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, who shared key resources and perspectives. Special thanks go to the leadership and administration of the Institute for Health Policy, and in particular the Institute’s Director, Dr. David Blumenthal, Associate Director, Dr. -
Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel
Core Concepts for Hand Hygiene: Clean Hands for Healthcare Personnel 1 Presenter Russ Olmsted, MPH, CIC Director, Infection Prevention & Control Trinity Health, Livonia, MI Contributions by Heather M. Gilmartin, NP, PhD, CIC Denver VA Medical Center University of Colorado Laraine Washer, MD University of Michigan Health System 2 Learning Objectives • Outline the importance of effective hand hygiene for protection of healthcare personnel and patients • Describe proper hand hygiene techniques, including when various techniques should be used 3 Why is Hand Hygiene Important? • The microbes that cause healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be transmitted on the hands of healthcare personnel • Hand hygiene is one of the MOST important ways to prevent the spread of infection 1 out of every 25 patients has • Too often healthcare personnel do a healthcare-associated not clean their hands infection – In fact, missed opportunities for hand hygiene can be as high as 50% (Chassin MR, Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 2015; Yanke E, Am J Infect Control, 2015; Magill SS, N Engl J Med, 2014) 4 Environmental Surfaces Can Look Clean but… • Bacteria can survive for days on patient care equipment and other surfaces like bed rails, IV pumps, etc. • It is important to use hand hygiene after touching these surfaces and at exit, even if you only touched environmental surfaces Boyce JM, Am J Infect Control, 2002; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care, WHO, 2009 5 Hands Make Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) and Other Microbes Mobile (Image from CDC, Vital Signs: MMWR, 2016) 6 When Should You Clean Your Hands? 1. Before touching a patient 2. -
Ecological Impacts of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals: More Transparency – Better Protection of the Environment
Ecological Impacts of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals: More Transparency – Better Protection of the Environment Avoiding Environmental Pollution from Veterinary Pharmaceuticals To reduce the contamination of air, soil, and bodies of pharmaceuticals more stringently, monitoring systematically water caused by veterinary medicinal products used in their occurrence in the environment, converting animal hus- agriculture and livestock farming, effective measures bandry practices to preserve animals’ health with a minimal must be taken throughout the entire life cycle of these use of antibiotics, and enforcing legal regulations to ensure products – from production and authorisation to appli- implementation of all the measures outlined here. cation and disposal. In the context of the revision of veterinary medicinal products All stakeholders – whether they are farmers, veterinarians, legislation that is currently underway, this background paper consumers, or political decision makers – are called upon focuses on three measures that would contribute to mak- to contribute to reducing contamination of the environment ing information on the occurrence of veterinary drugs in the caused by pharmaceutical residues and to improving pro- environment and their eco-toxicological effects more widely tection of the environment and human health. Appropriate available and enhance protection of the environment from measures include establishing “clean” production plants, contamination with veterinary pharmaceuticals. developing pharmaceuticals with reduced environmental -
Top 10 Patient Safety Concerns for Healthcare Organizations 2018
Executive Brief Top 10 Patient Safety Concerns for Healthcare Organizations 2018 years WANT MORE? This executive brief summarizes ECRI Institute’s Top 10 list of patient safety concerns for 2018. Healthcare Risk Control (HRC) and ECRI Institute PSO members can access the full report, which discusses each topic in more detail, by logging in at https://www.ecri.org. Additionally, page 14 of this brief lists ECRI Institute resources that provide more in-depth guidance for each topic. Top 10 Patient Safety Concerns for Healthcare Organizations 2018 Healthcare is striving to become an industry ECRI Institute’s Top 10 Patient Safety Concerns for 2018 of high-reliability organizations, and part 1 Diagnostic errors of being a high-reliability industry means 2 Opioid safety across the continuum of care staying vigilant and identifying problems proactively. This annual Top 10 list helps 3 Internal care coordination organizations identify looming patient safety 4 Workarounds challenges and offers suggestions and Incorporating health IT into patient safety programs resources for addressing them. 5 Management of behavioral health needs in 6 acute care settings Why We Create This List 7 All-hazards emergency preparedness ECRI Institute creates this annual list of 8 Device cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization Top 10 patient safety concerns to support 9 Patient engagement and health literacy healthcare organizations in their efforts to proactively identify and respond to threats 10 Leadership engagement in patient safety MS130 to patient safety. This report offers perspectives from some of our many experts, as well as links to further guidance on addressing these issues. MARCH 2018 Adapted from: Top 10 Patient Safety Concerns for Healthcare Organizations 2018. -
What Exactly Is Patient Safety?
What Exactly Is Patient Safety? Linda Emanuel, MD, PhD; Don Berwick, MD, MPP; James Conway, MS; John Combes, MD; Martin Hatlie, JD; Lucian Leape, MD; James Reason, PhD; Paul Schyve, MD; Charles Vincent, MPhil, PhD; Merrilyn Walton, PhD Abstract We articulate an intellectual history and a definition, description, and model of patient safety. We define patient safety as a discipline in the health care professions that applies safety science methods toward the goal of achieving a trustworthy system of health care delivery. We also define patient safety as an attribute of health care systems that minimizes the incidence and impact of adverse events and maximizes recovery from such events. Our description includes: why the field of patient safety exists (the high prevalence of avoidable adverse events); its nature; its essential focus of action (the microsystem); how patient safety works (e.g., high- reliability design, use of safety sciences, methods for causing change, including cultural change); and who its practitioners are (i.e., all health care workers, patients, and advocates). Our simple and overarching model identifies four domains of patient safety (recipients of care, providers, therapeutics, and methods) and the elements that fall within the domains. Eleven of these elements are described in this paper. Introduction A defining realization of the 1990s was that, despite all the known power of modern medicine to cure and ameliorate illness, hospitals were not safe places for healing. Instead, they were places fraught with risk of patient harm. One important response to this realization has been the growth of interest in patient safety. It is increasingly clear that patient safety has become a discipline, complete with an integrated body of knowledge and expertise, and that it has the potential to revolutionize health care, perhaps as radically as molecular biology once dramatically increased the therapeutic power in medicine. -
Leadership Guide to Patient Safety
Innovation Series 2006 Leadership Guide to Patient Safety 12 We have developed IHI’s Innovation Series white papers to further our mission of improving the quality and value of health care. The ideas and findings in these white papers represent innovative work by organizations affiliated with IHI. Our white papers are designed to share with readers the problems IHI is working to address; the ideas, changes, and methods we are developing and testing to help organizations make breakthrough improvements; and early results where they exist. Copyright © 2006 Institute for Healthcare Improvement All rights reserved. Individuals may photocopy all or parts of white papers for educational, not-for- profit uses. These papers may not be reproduced for commercial, for-profit use in any form, by any means (electronic, mechanical, xerographic, or other) or held in any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement. How to cite this paper: Botwinick L, Bisognano M, Haraden C. Leadership Guide to Patient Safety. IHI Innovation Series white paper. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Institute for Healthcare Improvement; 2006. (Available on www.IHI.org) Acknowledgements: The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions to the work: Donald M. Berwick, MD, MPP, FRCP, President and CEO, IHI Donald Goldmann, MD, Senior Vice President, IHI Frances A. Griffin, RRT, MPA, Director, IHI Julianne Morath, RN, MS, Chief Operating, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota Gail A. Nielsen, BSHCA, Clinical Performance Improvement Education Administrator, Iowa Health System, and IHI George W. Merck Fellow 2004–2005 Thomas Nolan, PhD, Statistician, Associates in Process Improvement, and IHI Senior Fellow James L. -
Unlocking the Power of Pharmacovigilance* an Adaptive Approach to an Evolving Drug Safety Environment
Unlocking the power of pharmacovigilance* An adaptive approach to an evolving drug safety environment PricewaterhouseCoopers’ Health Research Institute Contents Executive summary 01 Background 02 The challenge to the pharmaceutical industry 02 Increased media scrutiny 02 Greater regulatory and legislative scrutiny 04 Investment in pharmacovigilance 05 The reactive nature of pharmacovigilance 06 Unlocking the power of pharmacovigilance 07 Organizational alignment 07 Operations management 07 Data management 08 Risk management 10 The three strategies of effective pharmacovigilance 11 Strategy 1: Align and clarify roles, responsibilities, and communications 12 Strategy 2: Standardize pharmacovigilance processes and data management 14 Strategy 3: Implement proactive risk minimization 20 Conclusion 23 Endnotes 24 Glossary 25 Executive summary The idea that controlled clinical incapable of addressing shifts in 2. Standardize pharmacovigilance trials can establish product safety public expectations and regulatory processes and data management and effectiveness is a core principle and media scrutiny. This reality has • Align operational activities across of the pharmaceutical industry. revealed issues in the four areas departments and across sites Neither the clinical trials process involved in patient safety operations: • Implement process-driven standard nor the approval procedures of the organizational alignment, operations operating procedures, work U.S. Food and Drug Administration management, data management, and instructions, and training