DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION (EST) IN Current Situation

Medan

Pekanbaru

Palembang

Jakarta SbSurabaya Bandung

Cities in Java Islands and some of Sumatera Island has increasing on traffic congestion and pollution Urban Transportation Problems y Uncontrollable car and motorbike growth y Limited transportation network, preferable to cars y Mismanagement of transportation facility utilisation y Unstructured transportation network y Uncontrollable urban development y Population and economic growth with resulted to high dddemand growth Focus of Transportation Development y Coordination among national and local government y CCditioordination among sttkhldakeholder iildnvolved y Transport developing:

Percentages INSTITUTION 9.91% Land Transport 28.49% Railways 27.78% STSea Transport Air Transport 17.51%

Another 16.31%

Source: MoT 2010 Urbanization increase between 1990 and 2005 and forecast for 2050

Urbanization

350000 100%

90%

300000 80%

250000 70% areas

60%

200000 urban

in (thousands)

50% nn nn

150000 40% populatio populatio 100000 30% of

20% % 50000 10%

0 0% 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Urban Population Rural Population % of Population in Urban Areas

Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat PPtercentage of EEiimission in IdIndones ia

Transport Agriculture Building & Cement 3% 7% 1% Peat Land Energy 45% 7%

Forestry 37% 6 Source : Mc. Kinsey Transportation Emission Aviation 3% Sea Transport 7% Railway 1%

Land Transport 89% 2005 1) Emission from transportation is 70 million ton in 2005 (compare with total emission nationally 2250 million ton) 2) Transportation uses 33 mill kilo liter/year (i.e 48% of national consumption) fossil fuel. 3) Increase fuel consumption per year 6 to 8% 4) Transportation emission is predicted to be 250 mill ton by 2020 and 500 mill ton by 2030 (Mc Kinsey) 7 Clima te Change Issues y Initiative from Indonesian President at G20 meeting in Pittsburgh, USA and Conference of Parties (COP) 15 in Copenhagen December 2009, that Indonesia will reduce emission GHG 26% from Business as Usual and 41% if supported by 2020. y The tttarget 26% will be reachdhed from three sector i.e. 9 Forestry = 14% 9 Waste = 6% 9 Energy = 6% (power plant, industry, transportation, household)

8 Stra tegy y Legislation y Law Number 32 Year 2009 concerning on Environmental Protection and Management y Law Number 22 Year 2009 concerning on Road traffic y Presidential Decree Number 5 Year 2006 on National Energy Management y Law Number 36 Year 2009 concerning on Health y Capacity building y Networking y Cross sectoral activities: ¾ Needs to enhance national and local institutions’ capacity with regards to deal with transportation issues. ¾ Needs to have research and development in national level regarding vulnerability and adaptation to climate change, as well as development and deployment of technology adaptation to cope with the impact of climate change. y International Cooperation ¾ Needs to have joint research and ddlevelopment on EST . ¾ Sharing of information among regional countries also could enhance each country capacity to deal with transportation issues. 9 Strategy (cont) y Develop environmental sustainable transportation (EST) through consultation process and participation involving key stakeholders y Develop desentralised networking of EST in Indonesia y Enhance capacity of EST aspects in local and regional level Strategy (cont) y Spatial plan arrangement to reduce motorised and non‐motorised transport (NMT) y TDM dldevelopment y Alternative fuel y DlDevelopment of vehicl es which enviilronmental ffiriendly dl Policy of Fuel Emission Reduction y increase in exhaust gas emission standard y improve monitoring and maintenance of vehicle emiiissions y improving quality and standards of unleaded gasoline y improvement of urban transport and traffic management planning GGifitiasification on TtTransport ((iconversion to envitlironmental fuel friendly) ¾ The utilization of gas fuel for land transportation, pyparticulary for public transportation has been re‐invented by the Vice President on 21 February 2008 ‐ Year 2009 : 1667 units of converter kit have been installed and Year 2010 : 450 units are going to be installed ‐ Gas station revitalization

¾ National team for acceleration of natural gas for vehicles

Challenges: 1. No guaranteed price for a certain period 2. No guaranteed supply 3. Investment 4. Investment cost more expensive (equipment, converter kid price) 5. LkLack of ifinfrast ruct ure, Lim ite d of gas sttitation 6. Unachieved equilibrium in Supply and Demand in market mechanism

7. Public opinion: use of fuel gas has greater security risk 13 Indonesia National Plan on GHG from Energy and Transportation

Emission results decreasing Target for 26% scenario (in G ton 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total (Gton) CO2)

Energy and Transportation 0,038 0,000 0,001 0,001 0,003 0,006 0,009 0,013 0,018 0,023 0,029 0,038 0,141

Energy 0,030 0,0000 0,0006 0,0012 0,0024 0,0045 0,008 0,011 0,014 0,018 0,023 0,030

Traaspotatonsportation 0,0080 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0004 0,001 04 0,001 84 0,002 80 0,004 0,005 0,006 0,008

Sources: Indonesia National Planning Development Board

Action plan: Bio-fuel uses, machine with high fuel efficiency standard, repairing TDM, public transportation and road, demand side management, energy efficiency, renewable energy.

Assumptions: y Transportasi sector consume 48% from Primer Energy National Total : Land transport (88%), air transport (7%), railway (4%), dan sea /river transport between island (1%). y GHG Emission from transportation year 2009 : 67 M ton, growth rate amount : 8-12% per year. y Proj ecti ons of energy need w ithout mitig itiati on (busi ness as usually) ll ) : 8-8%8,7%. y Base-case scenario energy will be dominated by coal power plant, with same use of natural gas and small renewable energy. 14 Activities ‰ Blue Sky Program. Cities Evaluation Award aimed to promote clean air in Indonesian cities. The evaluation criteria for the Award included ambient air quality, vehicle exhaust emissions, and transport management system. It is expected that more and more cities will be motivated to take actions to reduce air pollution

CO V Value l

NO Value 40000 2 35000

3 30000 25000 450 SO2 Value

ug/m 20000 400 15000 350 HC Value 1000 10000 300 5000 900 3 250 0

T ug/m A T R N N N N N K I SR A G G R AR Y G G AS R A A AA PO 800 T AR A T 3 AR KARTA RA 200TA RA KA EK 300 A A MBA DE NPA NDU MEDA B 700 J JAK A YAK JA K JA150 K LE H T BA T H URAB 600 DE MAKASSAG SEMA S A ANGE P

T ug/m O AS ES 100 250 Y 500 E W NORT 50 SOUT 400 3 CENTRAL J 200 0 300

200 ug/m 150 2007 CO 2008 CO 2007 Threshold Value2008 Threshold Value T I A AN K AY G SR G R A 100AR A ART ANG G ART A UN TA TAR A A A T A B B D K 0 KAR EPO EKAS K D 100 NP AK A MED AK B J J URA BAN H JA L J T A N K IS DE G R A A A GN G GN O S SEMARAN MAKASSAT A AT A R A 50 AN P OGYA R PALEMRT TANGERANRT S TA TA A KA AST ES A A BAY DU B R E Y E TR ARAN K AS MEDA N M E DE N KA WNPAS A KAR B SOUTH JAKAR NOR M AK K R G E A E J JAKART JA A JAKAR BA LE N Y E D A J 0 A C S HT T T M SU LJL H A G S E S P T YO EA W T SI OU Y A R R AN T N N T A N N OK A R AR AR A A RA G G SR AG AG A S ENTRA NORT A S A TA TA AT D U A RA P K B S K K E A D R A A B R E C K K K P E E A A A A A M N A K M D B 2007 NO2 2008 NO2 2007 Threshold Value2008 Threshold Value K A J J J A N E G R J J A M A U A L B E Y E L N T H H T D A S M S T A T S G A R S P T E U R A O 2007 SO2 2008 SO2 2007 Threshold Value2008 Threshold ValueT O Y W O N E S E N C

2007 HC 2008 HC Threshold Value

15 ‰Development on Public Transport 92009, BRT has been implemented in the 4 cities : ƒ Pekanbaru/Trans Metro Pekanbaru (20 buses) ƒ Manado/Trans Kawanua (27 buses) ƒ Semarang/Trans Semarang (20 buses) ƒ Bandung/Trans Metro Bandung (10 buses). 92010, BRT has been imppglemented in the following cities : ƒ Palembang/Trans Musi (15 buses) ƒ Gorontalo/Trans Thulontalangi (15 buses) ƒ /Batik Solo Trans (15 buses) Case TransJakarta Busway, 15 corridors planned. Until Year 2010 services 10 corridors (8 corridors operation and 2 corridors still procurement for bus) ‰ Railway development ¾Revitalizing Railways (improve tracks, adding train, automezing signal, etc) ¾Constructing new network (expanding the network) ¾Single track to be Double track ¾Diesel Loco to be Electric Train ¾RilRailway system for mass/bli/public tttransport ¾MRT in Jakarta ¾City to Airport Railway ¾Monorail Bus transit Vehicle from Residence area to central city