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L'esprit De Découverte, Illustré Par Quelques Christophe Colomb De La Physique Moderne 1. Introduction
Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier 1 Séance du 14 octobre 2019 L’esprit de découverte, illustré par quelques Christophe Colomb de la Physique moderne Jean-Pierre NOUGIER IES, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier MOTS-CLÉS Découverte, physique, recherche, Poincaré, Einstein, Millikan, Bohr, Röntgen, Becquerel, Penzias, Wilson, Rutherford, Michelson, Morley, publications, brevets. RÉSUMÉ Quelques exemples sont donnés de ce que peut être l'esprit de découverte en sciences et plus particulièrement en physique, On verra qu'il est possible de découvrir : – en trouvant ce qu'on cherche, en faisant preuve d'intuition, de réflexion, de discernement, de ténacité, mais aussi de risque et d'audace (recherche contractuelle applicative ou fondamentale, Poincaré, Einstein), alliant à la fois confiance en soi et doute (Millikan, questionnement entre Einstein et Bohr), – en trouvant ce qu'on ne cherche pas (Röntgen, Becquerel, Penzias et Wilson), aptitude appelée "sérendipité", – en ne trouvant pas ce qu'on cherche (Rutherford, Michelson et Morley). On met en évidence le développement considérable de la recherche, ainsi que l'évolution de sa structuration : du caractère individuel au mode collectif, avec des moyens passant du stade artisanal aux grands programmes de recherche internationaux. L'esprit de découverte reste le moteur de l'innovation. Il nécessite de porter un regard neuf, un regard différent de celui que portent les autres. 1. Introduction L'Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier privilégie cette année la thématique du "voyage", qui notamment est le sujet du colloque du 22 novembre 2019. Je propose donc dans cet article un "Voyage au pays de la connaissance", à travers quelques réflexions sur "l'esprit de découverte". -
Società Italiana Degli Storici Della Fisica E Dell'astronomia
Atti Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia Atti del XXXVI Convegno annuale Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference a cura di / edited by Salvatore Esposito Atti del 36. Convegno annuale / Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia ; a cura di Salvatore Esposito = Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference / Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia ; edited by Salvatore Esposito. – Pavia : Pavia University Press, 2017. – XVIII, 408 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. – (Atti) http://archivio.paviauniversitypress.it/oa/9788869520709 ISBN 9788869520693 (brossura) ISBN 9788869520709 (e-book PDF) In testa al front: SISFA, Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia © 2017 Pavia University Press, Pavia ISBN: 978-88-6952-070-9 Nella sezione Scientifica Pavia University Press pubblica esclusivamente testi scientifici valutati e approvati dal Comitato scientifico-editoriale. I diritti di traduzione, di memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento anche parziale, con qualsiasi mezzo, sono riservati per tutti i paesi. Il curatore e gli autori sono a disposizione degli aventi diritti con cui non abbiano potuto comunicare, per eventuali omissioni e inesattezze. In copertina: Giacinto Diano, Affreschi della Sala del Lazzaretto. Picture by E. Giaquinto. Prima edizione: ottobre 2017 Pubblicato da: Pavia University Press – Edizioni dell’Università degli Studi di Pavia Via Luino, 12 – 27100 Pavia (PV) – Italia www.paviauniversitypress.it – [email protected] Stampato da DigitalAndCopy S.A.S, Segrate (MI) Printed in Italy Sommario Introductory remarks ................................................................................................... XI Programme .................................................................................................................. XIII PANEL DISCUSSION Tavola rotonda: abilità verticali e abilità trasversali. Il ruolo della ricerca in storia e didattica della fisica e dell’astronomia……………. -
Resoconto Annuale Delle Attività 2018
RESOCONTO ANNUALE DELLE ATTIVITÀ 2018 Società Italiana di Fisica PRESIDENTE Luisa CIFARELLI CONSIGLIO DI PRESIDENZA Alessandro BETTINI (VICEPRESIDENTE) Simonetta CROCI (SEGRETARIO CASSIERE) Eugenio Coccia Salvatore DE PASQUALE Giuseppe GROSSO Francesco Mallamace Sara PIRRONE PRESIDENTE ONORARIO Renato Angelo RICCI COLLEGIO DEI REVISORI DEI CONTI Luciano MAJORANI Tullio PEPE STAFF Il RESOCONTO ANNUALE della Società Italiana di Fisica (SIF) vuole essere una concisa RESPONSABILE EDITORIALE Barbara Ancarani relazione sulle attività della SIF nel 2018. I contenuti, a parte qualche aggiornamento, sono SEGRETERIA DI PRESIDENZA tratti dalla mia relazione svolta all’Assemblea Generale dei Soci nel corso del 104° Congresso Barbara Alzani Nazionale di Arcavacata di Rende, il 17 settembre 2018. La trascrizione della registrazione Giovanna Bianchi Bazzi RECEPTION-SEGRETERIA dell’Assemblea, che ne costituisce il verbale, è disponibile online e scaricabile in formato pdf Elena Fomina a partire dall’Area Soci del sito web: https://www.sif.it. AMMINISTRAZIONE Roberta Comastri SEGRETERIA DI REDAZIONE The ANNUAL ACCOUNT (in Italian) of the Italian Physical Society (SIF) is meant as a concise Monica Bonetti report on the activities of SIF during 2018. The contents, apart from few updates, are taken Angela Di Giuseppe from my report given at the Members General Assembly during the 104th National Congress of REDAZIONE Elena Baroncini Arcavacata di Rende, Italy, on 17 September 2018. The transcription (in Italian) of the recording Damiano Maragno of the Assembly, -
Il Nuovo Saggiatore F
Hanno collaboratO A questO numero: IL NUOVO SAGGIATORE F. Bagnoli, G. Benedk, A. Bettini, BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ITALIANA DI FISICA L. Campanella, S. Centro, L. Cifarelli, Nuova Serie Anno 27 • N. 1 gennaio-febbraio 2010 • N. 2 marzo-aprile 2011 F. Fidecaro, S. Focardi, A. Gemma, U. Haber-Schaim, E. Iarocci, DIRETTORE RESPONSABILE Vicedirettore COMITATO SCIENTIFICO Ling-An Wu, W. A. Kamiński, Luisa Cifarelli Giuseppe Grosso G. Benedek, A. Bettini, V. Mocella, P. Politi, A. Proykova, P. Cenci, S. Centro, R. A. Ricci, H. Wenninger E. De Sanctis, A. Di Virgilio, S. Focardi, E. Iarocci, I. Ortalli, F. Palmonari, R. Petronzio, P. Picchi, B. Preziosi SOMMARIO 3 EDITORIALE / EDITORIAL 61 Stasera usciamo: cosa danno L. Cifarelli al caffè-scienza? P. Politi, F. Bagnoli 5 SCIENZA IN PRIMO PIANO 64 Il Nuovo Cimento 150, 100, 50 Virgo e il suo futuro anni fa F. Fidecaro A. Bettini News PERCORSI 65 Il polo museale della Sapienza 17 AdA: il successo di un’idea L. Campanella E. Iarocci 67 Erice Prize - Science for Peace H. Wenninger FISICA E... 68 Women in physics in China – 29 Nuovi materiali dalle sorprendenti past and present proprietà ottiche Ling-An Wu V. Mocella 71 “Two-in-one” could be beneficial Ricerca & Industria for the European research 38 Dalla meccanica all’high-tech infrastructures industriale: la piccola di Guidonia A. Proykova è cresciuta A. Gemma 73 RECENSIONI IL NOSTRO MONDO 79 IN RICORDO DI(*) 41 Programma della Scuola estiva G. Comini (R. A. Ricci, S. Focardi) “Enrico Fermi” di Varenna 46 Joint EPS-SIF International 80 sceltI per voi Workshop “Passion for Light” 47 XCVII Congresso Nazionale 81 ANNUNCI Bandi dei concorsi a premi della SIF 55 Polish Physical Society: brief overview W. -
The Early History of Gravitational Wave Detection in Italy: from the First Resonant Bars to the Beginning of the Virgo Collaboration
The early history of gravitational wave detection in Italy: from the first resonant bars to the beginning of the Virgo collaboration Adele La Rana - TERA Foundation and Sapienza Università di Roma - [email protected] Leopoldo Milano - Università di Napoli “Federico II” and INFN, Sezione di Napoli - [email protected] Abstract: At the very beginning of the 1970s, two experimental activities for gravitational wave (GW) detection were being carried out in Italy: one in Frascati, at the European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), performed by Karl Maischberger and Donato Bramanti; the second one set up by the group of Edoardo Amaldi and Guido Pizzella at the University of Rome. This second activity pioneered the field of cryogenic resonant bar detectors, which dominated Italian research on GWs until the 1990s, when the French- Italian project for a giant interferometric detector came into life: Virgo, led by Alain Brillet and Adalberto Giazotto. The present paper gives a brief overview of the early history of GW experiments in Italy and is the result of a historiographical research based on archival resources, scientific papers and interviews of some of the protagonists, among which is one of the authors. Keywords: General Relativity, gravitational waves, detector, Virgo. 1. Introduction The age of GW detection begins with the experimental work of the American physicist Joseph Weber, at the end of the 1950s. When Weber proposed for the first time the idea of an apparatus capable of vibrating at the passage of gravitational radiation and measuring the amplitude of the vibration, the very existence of GWs was a still debated theoretical question. -
Gravitational-Wave Research As an Emerging Field in the Max Planck Society. the Long Roots of GEO600 and of the Albert Einstein
Gravitational-Wave research as an Emerging Field in the Max Planck Society. The Long Roots of GEO600 and of the Albert Einstein Institute1 Luisa Bonolis2 and Juan-Andres Leon3 Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin Abstract On the occasion of the 50th anniversary since the beginning of the search for gravitational waves at the Max Planck Society, and in coincidence with the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Albert Einstein Institute, we explore the interplay between the renaissance of general relativity and the advent of relativistic astrophysics following the German early involvement in gravitational-wave research, from the very first interests of its scientists, to the point when gravitational-wave detection became established by the appearance of full-scale detectors and international collaborations. On the background of the spectacular astrophysical discoveries of the 1960s and the growing role of relativistic astrophysics, Ludwig Biermann and his collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Munich became deeply involved in research related to such new horizons, already unveiled by radio astronomy during the 1950s, and further widened by the advent of X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy. At the end of the 1960s, Joseph Weber’s announcements claiming detection of gravitational waves sparked the decisive entry of this group into the field with a three-branched approach: experimental detection, statistical analysis of the results and a deep theoretical footing in general relativity with the appointment of Jürgen Ehlers, coming from Pascual Jordan’s school in Hamburg, one of the centers of the renaissance of general relativity. The Munich area group of Max Planck institutes provided the fertile ground for acquiring a leading position in the 1970s, facilitating the experimental transition from resonant bars towards laser interferometry and its innovation at increasingly large scales, eventually moving to a dedicated site in Hannover in the early 1990s. -
LIGO Magazine Issue #10 !
LIGO Scientific Collaboration Scientific LIGO issue 10 3/2017 LIGO MAGAZINE O2: A new season! 03:38:53 UTC, 30 November 2016 Getting ready for O2: The Data Analysis Perspective Preparations for the Observing Run p. 8 To Catch a Wave A LIGO Detection Story p.18 ... and an interview with former NSF Director Walter Massey on LIGO‘s early days. Before sunset, along one of the 4km long arms, LIGO Hanford Observatory, WA, USA. Photo courtesy Keita Kawabe. Inset of optical layout: Still image from the documentary “LIGO Detection” provided by Kai Staats. Inset of Joshua Smith: Still image from the documentary “LIGO Detection” provided by Kai Staats. Image credits Photos and graphics appear courtesy of Caltech/MIT LIGO Laboratory and LIGO Scientific Collaboration unless otherwise noted. p. 3 Comic strip by Nutsinee Kijbunchoo p. 7 Photo courtesy of Corey Gray p. 8 Photo by A. Okulla/Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics p. 10 Figure from aLIGO LHO Logbook, uploaded by Andrew Lundgren p. 11 Screenshot from Gravity Spy, https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/zooniverse/gravity-spy/classify p. 14 Figure courtesy of ESA/LISA Pathfinder Collaboration p. 15 Image courtesy of Gavin Warrins (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BirminghamUniversityChancellorsCourt.jpg) pp. 16-17 ‘Infinite LIGO Dreams’ by Penelope Rose Cowley pp. 18-21 Still images from the documentary “LIGO Detection” provided by Kai Staats. p. 26 Photo courtesy of Brynley Pearlstone p. 32 Sketch by Nutsinee Kijbunchoo 2 Contents 4 Welcome 5 LIGO Scientific Collaboration News