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Submerged Shorelines and Shelves in the Hawaiian Islands and a Revision of Some of the Eustatic Emerged Shorelines
HAROLD T. STEARNS Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Submerged Shorelines and Shelves in the Hawaiian Islands and a Revision of Some of the Eustatic Emerged Shorelines ABSTRACT IS8°| 00' KAHUKU POINT __ .Type locality of Kawelo low stand The paper presents new C14 and uran.um series dates on Oahu and their bearing on 0 A H U the dating of fluctuations of sea level dm: to glacioeustatism during the Wisconsinan. The — 60- and — 120-ft shorelines are shown to be Wisconsinan. Scuba and sub- mersible diving has made it possible to study the submerged shorelines. Some of the submerged shorelines are notches in vertical cliffs and were not previously found , KAPAPA ISLAND - by detailed soundings. The —350-ft shelf, \J /¡/ Jk .Konoohe -80ft.shore line previously thought to be a drowned wave- • /^^KEKEPA ISLAND cut platform, proved to be a drowned coral v ULUPAU CRATER reef. Shorelines and drowned reefs indicate r^w « stillstands below sea level at 15, 30, 60, 80, •POPOIA ISLAND 120, 150, 185, 205, 240±, 350, 1,200 to aimanalo shore 1,800, and 3,000 to 3,600 ft. Those above line and Bellows —450 ft are thought to be glacioeustatic. \ Field formation \ MANANA ISLANO Those below —450 ft are the result of sub- Ni«^MoKai Ronge sidence. Key words: Quaternary, -60 ft. and Makapuu -120ft dune limestone, geomorphology, geo- shore lines cbronology. Honaumo Bo/ Koko-l5ft. shelf SLACK PT. KOKO HEAD INTRODUCTION •Type locality of Leahi I shore line All submerged shorelines described Figure 1. -
Topographic History of the Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography1
Topographic History ofthe Maui Nui Complex, Hawai'i, and Its Implications for Biogeography 1 Jonathan Paul Price 2,4 and Deborah Elliott-Fisk3 Abstract: The Maui Nui complex of the Hawaiian Islands consists of the islands of Maui, Moloka'i, Lana'i, and Kaho'olawe, which were connected as a single landmass in the past. Aspects of volcanic landform construction, island subsi dence, and erosion were modeled to reconstruct the physical history of this complex. This model estimates the timing, duration, and topographic attributes of different island configurations by accounting for volcano growth and subsi dence, changes in sea level, and geomorphological processes. The model indi cates that Maui Nui was a single landmass that reached its maximum areal extent around 1.2 Ma, when it was larger than the current island of Hawai'i. As subsi dence ensued, the island divided during high sea stands of interglacial periods starting around 0.6 Ma; however during lower sea stands of glacial periods, islands reunited. The net effect is that the Maui Nui complex was a single large landmass for more than 75% of its history and included a high proportion of lowland area compared with the contemporary landscape. Because the Hawaiian Archipelago is an isolated system where most of the biota is a result of in situ evolution, landscape history is an important detertninant of biogeographic pat terns. Maui Nui's historical landscape contrasts sharply with the current land scape but is equally relevant to biogeographical analyses. THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS present an ideal logic histories that can be reconstructed more setting in which to weigh the relative influ easily and accurately than in most regions. -
Hawaiian Volcanoes: from Source to Surface Site Waikolao, Hawaii 20 - 24 August 2012
AGU Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Site Waikolao, Hawaii 20 - 24 August 2012 Conveners Michael Poland, USGS – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Paul Okubo, USGS – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, USA Ken Hon, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, USA Program Committee Rebecca Carey, University of California, Berkeley, USA Simon Carn, Michigan Technological University, USA Valerie Cayol, Obs. de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand Helge Gonnermann, Rice University, USA Scott Rowland, SOEST, University of Hawai'i at M noa, USA Financial Support 2 AGU Chapman Conference on Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Site Meeting At A Glance Sunday, 19 August 2012 1600h – 1700h Welcome Reception 1700h – 1800h Introduction and Highlights of Kilauea’s Recent Eruption Activity Monday, 20 August 2012 0830h – 0900h Welcome and Logistics 0900h – 0945h Introduction – Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Its First 100 Years of Advancing Volcanism 0945h – 1215h Magma Origin and Ascent I 1030h – 1045h Coffee Break 1215h – 1330h Lunch on Your Own 1330h – 1430h Magma Origin and Ascent II 1430h – 1445h Coffee Break 1445h – 1600h Magma Origin and Ascent Breakout Sessions I, II, III, IV, and V 1600h – 1645h Magma Origin and Ascent III 1645h – 1900h Poster Session Tuesday, 21 August 2012 0900h – 1215h Magma Storage and Island Evolution I 1215h – 1330h Lunch on Your Own 1330h – 1445h Magma Storage and Island Evolution II 1445h – 1600h Magma Storage and Island Evolution Breakout Sessions I, II, III, IV, and V 1600h – 1645h Magma Storage -
THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution
VOLCANISM IN HAWAII Chapter 1 - .-............,. THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution By David A. Clague and G. Brent Dalrymple ABSTRACT chain, the near-fixity of the hot spot, the chemistry and timing of The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain stretches nearly the eruptions from individual volcanoes, and the detailed geom 6,000 km across the North Pacific Ocean and consists of at least etry of volcanism. None of the geophysical hypotheses pro t 07 individual volcanoes with a total volume of about 1 million posed to date are fully satisfactory. However, the existence of km3• The chain is age progressive with still-active volcanoes at the Hawaiian ewell suggests that hot spots are indeed hot. In the southeast end and 80-75-Ma volcanoes at the northwest addition, both geophysical and geochemical hypotheses suggest end. The bend between the Hawaiian and .Emperor Chains that primitive undegassed mantle material ascends beneath reflects a major change in Pacific plate motion at 43.1 ± 1.4 Ma Hawaii. Petrologic models suggest that this primitive material and probably was caused by collision of the Indian subcontinent reacts with the ocean lithosphere to produce the compositional into Eurasia and the resulting reorganization of oceanic spread range of Hawaiian lava. ing centers and initiation of subduction zones in the western Pacific. The volcanoes of the chain were erupted onto the floor of the Pacific Ocean without regard for the age or preexisting INTRODUCTION structure of the ocean crust. Hawaiian volcanoes erupt lava of distinct chemical com The Hawaiian Islands; the seamounts, hanks, and islands of positions during four major stages in their evolution and the Hawaiian Ridge; and the chain of Emperor Seamounts form an growth. -
U.S. Coast Guard at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
U.S. COAST GUARD UNITS IN HAWAII December 7, 1941 Coast Guard vessels in service in Hawaii were the 327-foot cutter Taney, the 190-foot buoy tender Kukui, two 125- foot patrol craft: Reliance and Tiger, two 78-foot patrol boats and several smaller craft. At the time of the attack, Taney was tied up at Pier Six in Honolulu Harbor, Reliance and the unarmed Kukui both lay at Pier Four and Tiger was on patrol along the western shore of Oahu. All were performing the normal duties for a peacetime Sunday. USCGC Taney (WPG-37); Commanding Officer: Commander Louis B. Olson, USCG. Taney was homeported in Honolulu; 327-foot Secretary Class cutter; Commissioned in 1936; Armament: two 5-inch/51; four 3-inch/ 50s and .50 caliber machine guns. The 327-foot cutter Taney began working out of Honolulu in as soon as she was commissioned. On the morning of 7 December 1941, she was tied up at pier six in Honolulu Harbor six miles away from the naval anchorage. After the first Japanese craft appeared over the island, Taney's crew went to general quarters and made preparations to get underway. While observing the attack over Pearl Harbor, Taney received no orders to move and did not participate in the initial attack by the Japanese. Just after 09:00, when the second wave of planes began their attack on the naval anchorage, Taney fired on high altitude enemy aircraft with her 3-inch guns and .50 caliber machine guns. The extreme range of the planes limited the effect of the fire and the guns were secured after twenty minutes. -
West Honolulu Watershed Study
West Honolulu Watershed Study Final Report Prepared For: Honolulu Board of Water Supply Department of Land and Natural Resources, Engineering Division U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District Prepared By: Townscape, Inc. and Eugene P. Dashiell, AICP May 2003 West Honolulu Watershed Study - Final Report - Prepared for: HONOLULU BOARD OF WATER SUPPLY DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING DIVISION U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS HONOLULU DISTRICT Prepared by: Townscape, Inc. and Eugene P. Dashiell, AICP May 2003 This page intentionally left blank. West Honolulu Watershed Study FINAL REPORT WEST HONOLULU WATERSHED STUDY ACKOWLEDGEMENTS This study was conducted under the direction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Honolulu District (COE), through Section 22 of the Water Resources Development Act of 1974, as amended. Project manager for the West Honolulu Watershed Study was Derek Chow of COE, Engineer District, Honolulu. Local sponsorship for the study was provided jointly by the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply, represented by Barry Usagawa, Principal Executive of the Water Resources Unit, and Scot Muraoka, Long-Range Planning Section; and the State of Hawaiÿi Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR), Engineering Division, which was represented by Sterling Yong, Head of the Flood Control and Dam Safety Section, and Eric Yuasa and Carty Chang of the Project Planning Section. The three co-sponsors of this study wish to acknowledge the following groups and individuals for their contribution to the West Honolulu Watershed Study: Principal Planner and President Bruce Tsuchida and Staff Planners Michael Donoho and Sherri Hiraoka of Townscape, Inc., contracted through the COE as the planning consultant for the study. -
Humpback Whale Tagging in Hawaii
Submitted in support of the U.S. Navy’s 2019 Annual Marine Species Monitoring Report for the Pacific Humpback Whale Tagging in Support of Marine Mammal Monitoring Across Multiple Navy Training Areas in the Pacific Ocean: Preliminary Summary of Field Tagging Effort in Hawaii in March 2019 Prepared for: Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command Submitted to: Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest under Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, Department of the Navy Cooperative Agreement No. N62473‐19‐2‐0002 Prepared by: Bruce R. Mate, Daniel M. Palacios, C. Scott Baker, Barbara A. Lagerquist, Ladd M. Irvine, Tomas M. Follett, Debbie Steel, and Craig E. Hayslip Oregon State University, Marine Mammal Institute Hatfield Marine Science Center 2030 SE Marine Science Drive Newport, OR 97365 15 August 2019 Submitted in support of the U.S. Navy’s 2019 Annual Marine Species Monitoring Report for the Pacific Suggested Citation: Mate, B.R., D.M. Palacios, C.S. Baker, B.A. Lagerquist, L.M. Irvine, T.M. Follett, D. Steel, and C.E. Hayslip. 2019. Humpback Whale Tagging in Support of Marine Mammal Monitoring Across Multiple Navy Training Areas in the Pacific Ocean: Preliminary Summary of Field Tagging Effort in Hawaii in March 2019. Prepared for Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet, and Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command. Submitted to Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Southwest, under Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit, Department of the Navy Cooperative Agreement No. N62473‐19‐2‐0002. Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, 15 August 2019. 14 pp. ii Submitted in support of the U.S. Navy’s 2019 Annual Marine Species Monitoring Report for the Pacific Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. -
University Microfilms, a XEROX Company. Ann Arbor, Michigan
ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SUBAERIAL AND SUBMARINE GEOMORPHOLOGY ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF MOLOKAI ISLAND, HAWAII Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic); maps Authors Mathewson, Christopher C. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 09:30:41 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/287713 71-21* ,879 MATHEWSON, Christopher Colville, 1941- ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SUBAERIAL AND SUBMARINE GEOMORPHOLOGY ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF MOLOKAI ISLAND, HAWAII. The University of Arizona, Ph.D., 1971 Engineering, general University Microfilms, A XEROX Company. Ann Arbor, Michigan (3) COPYRIGHTED BY CHRISTOPHER COLVILLE MATHEWSON 1971 ill THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SUBAERIAL AND SUBMARINE GEOMORPHOLOGY ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF MOLOKAI ISLAND, HAWAII by Christopher Colville Mathewson A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF MINING AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 19 7 1 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by Christopher Colville Mathewson entitled ENGINEERING ANALYSIS OF SUBAERIAL AND SUBMARINE GEOMOR- PHOLOGY ALONG THE NORTH COAST OF MOLOKAI ISLAND. HAWAII be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* ^ m/ t c/ia tdL. -
Young Tracks of Hotspots and Current Plate Velocities
Geophys. J. Int. (2002) 150, 321–361 Young tracks of hotspots and current plate velocities Alice E. Gripp1,∗ and Richard G. Gordon2 1Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA 2Department of Earth Science MS-126, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 2001 October 5. Received 2001 October 5; in original form 2000 December 20 SUMMARY Plate motions relative to the hotspots over the past 4 to 7 Myr are investigated with a goal of determining the shortest time interval over which reliable volcanic propagation rates and segment trends can be estimated. The rate and trend uncertainties are objectively determined from the dispersion of volcano age and of volcano location and are used to test the mutual consistency of the trends and rates. Ten hotspot data sets are constructed from overlapping time intervals with various durations and starting times. Our preferred hotspot data set, HS3, consists of two volcanic propagation rates and eleven segment trends from four plates. It averages plate motion over the past ≈5.8 Myr, which is almost twice the length of time (3.2 Myr) over which the NUVEL-1A global set of relative plate angular velocities is estimated. HS3-NUVEL1A, our preferred set of angular velocities of 15 plates relative to the hotspots, was constructed from the HS3 data set while constraining the relative plate angular velocities to consistency with NUVEL-1A. No hotspots are in significant relative motion, but the 95 per cent confidence limit on motion is typically ±20 to ±40 km Myr−1 and ranges up to ±145 km Myr−1. -
Annual SAFE Report for the Hawaii Archipelago FEP Ecosystem Considerations DRAFT- DO NOT CITE
Annual SAFE Report for the Hawaii Archipelago FEP Ecosystem Considerations DRAFT- DO NOT CITE 2.6 ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT 2.6.1 Introduction The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) includes provisions concerning the identification and conservation of essential fish habitat (EFH) and, under the EFH final rule, habitat areas of particular concern (HAPC) (50 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 600.815). The MSA defines EFH as “those waters and substrate necessary to fish for spawning, breeding, feeding, or growth to maturity.” HAPC are those areas of EFH identified pursuant to 50 CFR 600.815(a)(8), and meeting one or more of the following considerations: (1) ecological function provided by the habitat is important; (2) habitat is sensitive to human-induced environmental degradation; (3) development activities are, or will be, stressing the habitat type; or (4) the habitat type is rare. NMFS and the regional fishery management councils must describe and identify EFH in fishery management plans (FMPs) or fishery ecosystem plans (FEPs), minimize to the extent practicable the adverse effects of fishing on EFH, and identify other actions to encourage the conservation and enhancement of EFH. Federal agencies that authorize, fund, or undertake actions that may adversely affect EFH must consult with NMFS, and NMFS must provide conservation recommendations to federal and state agencies regarding actions that would adversely affect EFH. Councils also have the authority to comment on federal or state agency actions that would adversely affect the habitat, including EFH, of managed species. The EFH Final Rule strongly recommends regional fishery management councils and NMFS to conduct a review and revision of the EFH components of FMPs every five years (600.815(a)(10)). -
Sea Level and Its Effects on Reefs in Hawaiÿi
Introduction View of south Molokaÿi, looking eastward from hills above Hale O Lono. View south from Molokaÿi Shores condominium complex. The island of Lanaÿi is in the background. INTRODUCTION The South Molokaÿi Reef: Origin, History, and Status Michael E. Field1, Susan A. Cochran1, Joshua B. Logan1, and Curt D. Storlazzi1 Introduction olokaÿi is the fifth youngest island in the long chain of volcanoes 160° W 158° 156° (Grossman and others, 2006; Grossman and Fletcher, 2004; Sherman and and volcanic remnants that compose the Hawaiian archipelago KauaÔi others, 1999). In most locations in Hawaiÿi, modern coral cover is only (fig. 1). The archipelago extends from the Island of Hawaiÿi (the a thin living veneer on top of older reef structures that formed during an M 22° “Big Island”) in the southeast past Midway Island, to Kure Atoll in the N earlier time under different conditions (Grigg, 1983, 1998) northwest, for a total distance of about 2,400 km (1,500 mi). Beyond Kure NiÔihau Atoll, the chain continues as a series of submerged former islands known OÔahu MolokaÔi as the Emperor Seamounts, which extend to the Aleutian Trench off the Molokaÿi — Making of a Unique Island Penguin Bank coast of Alaska. Evolution of the entire Hawaiÿi-Emperor volcanic chain Maui represents a time span of nearly 80 million years (Clague and Dalrymple, LnaÔi Despite the similarity in origin and physical processes that it shares with 1989). The volcanic chain is a result of gradual and persistent movement P KahoÔolawe the other Hawaiian Islands, Molokaÿi is unique in many ways. Its marked a c of the Pacific lithospheric plate (the sea-floor crust and rigid uppermost i f east-west orientation and its relatively storm- and wave-protected south shore i c part of Earth's mantle) over a deep fracture (or hot spot) that extends down 20° are two important factors that have contributed to development of a spectacu- O to the astenosphere, a less rigid part of the mantle (fig. -
Bartram, P.K., J.J. Kaneko and G. Krasnick. 2006. Responsible
December 28, 2006 Prepared by: Paul Bartram J. John Kaneko MS, DVM George Krasnick PacMar, Inc. 3615 Harding Avenue, Suite 408-409 Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 Prepared for: Hawaii Seafood Project National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration U.S. Department of Commerce This document was prepared by PacMar, Inc. under Award No. NA05NMF4521112 from NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..............................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT ...............................................................................................................2 SCORING RESPONSIBILITY OF HAWAII LONGLINE FISHERIES............................................7 IS “PRECAUTIONARY MANAGEMENT” BEING PROMOTED? .............................................. 11 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................... 12 APPENDIX A ................................................................................................................................................ 14 ARTICLE 7 – FISHERIES MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 15 ARTICLE 8 – FISHING OPERATIONS................................................................................................