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akademiskkvarter Volume 04. Spring 2012 • on the web academic quarter

All Writings Great and Small Reading ’s Stories as Travel Literature

John S. Vassar Associate Professor & Chariman of the Department of Fine Arts, Foreign Languages, and Humanities Book: Recalling a Story Once Told: An Intertextual Reading of the Psalter and the Pentateuch (2007)

The world of James Herriot has expanded far beyond its British beginnings. The stories of this veterinarian and his work in the fictitious town of , have reached around the globe. His works have been translated into dozens of languages and read in numerous countries. By 1991 over 50 million copies of his books had been sold while two films and a television series had also been produced (Brunsdale 1). This popularity is all the more impressive for an author who began writing at the age of fifty and wrote sto- ries primarily about animals. Despite (or perhaps because of) his popularity, there has been lit- tle critical examination of Herriot’s literary corpus. With a hand- ful of exceptions, the Academy has largely turned a blind eye to his efforts. Part of the reason is likely a common misconception that Herriot’s work should be considered children’s literature. But before we consign Herriot’s work to the children’s section, we should first consider an alternative genre. This essay suggests that we reread this popular author and explore the possibility that when we encounter the stories of life in the Yorkshire dales, we are in fact, encountering an important work of travel literature. Following a brief examination of his life, this essay focuses on themes in Herriot’s books that share much in common with other works of travel writing.

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If Only They If Only They John S. Vassar John Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings It Shouldn’t Happen to a Vet a to Happen Shouldn’t It , followed two years later by later years two followed , In 1966, at the age began of writing 50, down Wight his experi In 1941 Wight married Joan Danbury (Helen Alderson) Alderson) and be married Joan Danbury (Helen In 1941 Wight Wight Wight completed his veterinary training in 1938, during the to 1966 he remained working as a veterinarian in the dales except working as a veterinarian in the dales to 1966 he remained for two brief occasions when he traveled with animals overseas, in 1963. once to the U.S.S.R. in 1961 and to Istanbul, Turkey ences as a country veterinarian and tried unsuccessfully to find a book first his 1970 in Finally 245). (Wight, years four for publisher of recollections was published under the title of Talk Could (Wight, 94). It is located in the heart of the Yorkshire dales dales Yorkshire the of heart the in located is It 94). (Wight, Thirsk in northern England. immediately Wight grew to enjoy the sce nic beauty and the delightful characters who he encountered in his day to day activities. later, years Two 128). Sinclair’sin (Wight, partner practice a came Wight volunteered while with Joan their was firstpregnant child, for the and was called up for training. His par ent’s home in had been bombed during a Luftwaffe at tack and this motivated to Wight join. was Wight discharged for 1950 From 144-53). (Wight, 1945 in R.A.F. the from reasons health In high school, after listening to a presentation by the principal of of principal the by presentation a to listening after school, high In the Glasgow College, Veterinary Wight was convinced that vet erinary practice would be his vocation. Upon graduation from high school, was Wight accepted at Col the Glasgow Veterinary 45). lege (Wight, and was fortunate to get a job in the prac height of the depression, of Donald Sinclair (the character Siegfried Farnon in his tice sub community agricultural an Thirsk, of town the in books) sequent with a population around a few thousand. In his fictionalized for Darrowby name the substituted Wight stories, these of telling Biography James Herriot is the pseudonym for James Alfred (Alf) Wight. The distinction Alf between and Wight James Herriot is difficult personal Wight’s autobiography to and draw. fictionalized ob servations all too often converge. In his biography of his father, Jim Wight even uses James Herriot and Alf Wight almost inter Sun in 1916 October 3 on born was Wight 1). (Wight, changeably derland, England. Three weeks after his birth his family moved city in was Scotland. raised in that largest to Glasgow and Wight quarter

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John S. Vassar John is a coming of coming a is Volume 04 in the United States covers the variety of All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings progresses, progresses, Herriot moves All Creatures Great and Small Great Creatures All All Creatures Great and Small Great Creatures All All Creatures Great and Small Great All Creatures All Creatures Great and Small Great All Creatures , Herriot explains his initial attraction to animal work and work animal to attraction initial his explains Herriot , . All Creatures Great and Small Great All Creatures ACGS Herriot begins his job after arriving in the 1930’s, a key turning Probably the most dramatic occurrence in the history of veteri As In The success of ACGS) point for the traditional life in these farming communities. It was It communities. farming these in life traditional the for point a time when some of the older traditions changing, are veterinar ians are shifting from traditional animals like horses and cows to As Herriot later wrote small animal care. nary practice was the disappearance of the draught horse. It is an almost incredible fact that this glory and mainstay of the profes to early 1941. through an initial period of self-doubt to some measure of confi dence in his own abilities. By the end of the book he has devel oped as a veterinarian, but more importantly as a person. This change is brought about in him by his environment, and by peo ple. Herriot is particularly impressed by the farmers of the dales from results Herriot in change the that suggests Rossi themselves. “the people, places, and situations he encounters. Herriot speaks conclu and impressions first shares and them by affected being of sions about them.” (Rossi 33). who grows into an accomplished, caring professional. As Michael demonstrated, has Rossi age story (Rossi 32). his first encounter withYorkshire dales. the He is a newly minted veterinary surgeon, fresh out of school, full of resolve and ready to discovers Herriot rounds, his begins he as But work. animal change nothas school veterinary his of knowledge book theoretical the that always adequately him prepared for the daily encounters that he Yorkshire. has in 1938 from years, few first his in Herriot young beset that experiences That same year, in 1972 both books were combined and published and combined were books both 1972 in year, same That in the United States with the title ( was an enormous surprise to Wight and his publisher. Wight ex had who those among interest mild a only carry to works his pected Wight unconsciously, perhaps But dales. the of knowledge some succeeded in expressing a theme common to world vet clumsy literature. young, the of idea the with taken instantly were Readers quarter

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John S. Vassar John 160) Volume 04 ATBB, ATBB, All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings at an episodic pace. few With exceptions, the

proceeds And now, in less than three years the stream had dwin had stream the years three than less in now, And dled, not exactly to a trickle but certainly to the stage final dry-up was in sight. ( the where When I first came to Darrowby the tractor had already be already had tractor the Darrowby to came first I When agricultural the in hard dies tradition but over, take to gun world and there were still a lot of horses around. Armed with my firing iron and box of blister I plunged deter minedly into what had always been the surging main veterinary life. of stream Siegfried and Tristan Siegfried Farnon are and brothers who Tristan work with Herri The four main characters James are Herriot, Siegfried Farnon, ACGS has the ability, has which the hindsight ability, so often provides, of seeing the humor in various awkward situations. Herriot changes through out the book as he and matures gains much confidencegreater in himself and in his profession. ot. Siegfried is Herriot’s employer and has worked as a veterinary for years. Siegfried is more of a comrade in arms than a boss. He hires Herriot at a time when unemployment was high and he con pany young Herriot on his visits, making the rounds with him in four are There dales. the of roads back the along car antiquated his important exceptions that not only play an important role in this as well.book, but in the succeeding books Alderson. The Farnon, all stories and told are Helen from Tristan the first person perspective, and thereader’s sympathies lie with young Herriot. The country veterinarian himself presents as an animals and people both treats who individual caring empathetic, with respect and compassion. His flaws and are relatively few, He clumsy. somewhat and inexperienced is he Mostly harmless. In addition to the disappearance of the draft horse, new drugs and dis to scene the on come to beginning just were methods treatment care. place traditional methods of animal Most chapter. individual that in exist only encountered characters chapters are self contained units, completing an encounter within the context of one chapter. The effect is for the reader to accom sion just melted quietly away within a few years. And I was one of one was I And years. few a within away quietly melted just sion to see it happen. there those who were quarter

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John S. Vassar John . Tristan . is Sieg Tristan Volume 04 ACGS All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings concludes with the description of their mar Over the next twenty years Wight published over a dozen more Over the next twenty years Wight Helen appears to be unattainable for Herriot. The young veteri We are introduced to a new element of Siegfried’s behavior whenbehavior Siegfried’s of element new a to introduced are We The fourth major character is Helen Alderson. She is the attrac Siegfried possesses a complex, though kind, personality. He ex He personality. kind, though complex, a possesses Siegfried moon was spent testing cows for tuberculosis. moon was spent testing cows for tuberculosis. with encounters various his and Herriot of life the narrating books of story the forward carried works These dales. the of denizens the II War World in Force Air Royal the with time his through Heerriot and into various veteran trips to the USSR and In Turkey. 1995 Alfred died Wight of cancer in his home where he at had Thirlby, moved after fifty years of veterinary work in Thirsk. riot. Her decision to wear slacks in a day when it was still uncon ventional suggests her independent nature. Much of James and Her by expressed actions foolish of comprised is courtship Helen’s deal of grace demonstrated by Helen. riot followed by a great narian must overcome a series of obstacles (including competitive heart. Helen’s win to order in mistakes) boorish own his and suitors It is only after both and Tristan Siegfried encourage Herriot to his attempts at courtship that the hero wins the lady’s heart. and Small Great tures riage. The final chapter of the work describes how their honey his brother Tristan arrives his in brother Tristan chapter six of veteri passing, yet not but attending, is and brother younger fried’s behavior of also brings out the most boisterous nary school. Tristan his drives that combination lazy—a but clever, is Tristan brother. his Tristan’s cleverness is Siegfried into fits of madness. brother In fact, expressed most explicitly through his laziness. Most of the narra that tives take place at the center of the veterinary practice, called Skeldale interacting with one another. House, involve these three tive daughter of a local farmer and the object of affection for Her sistently pays him more than market value. Siegfried demonstrates Siegfried value. market than more him pays sistently veterinarian’s young the on Herriot for support and for compassion very first case. Herriot orders the destruction of a valuable, but diseased, horse and the manager of the farm is outraged. Herriot his diagnosis. and a postmortem confirms puts the horse down cels though at he behaving does inconsistently, not himself see that His inconsistency. obliviousness to his own actions delights the of his behavior. the reality who is all too familiar with reader, quarter

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Huckleberry (1986), not to not (1986), John S. Vassar John Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings If Only They Could Talk Talk They Could Only If James Herriot’s Dog Stories James Herriot’s might serve as an important analogue of travel literature that might serve as an important analogue of travel literature Lastly, Herriot has published Lastly, books exclusively for children and The same is true of their designation as “animal stories.” While But this simple classification of Herriot as a children’s writer is But these genres need not be mutually exclusive. A characteris A But need these not genres be mutually exclusive. does lovingly describe animals, it is almost always in the context ofcontext the in always almost is it animals, describe lovingly does ruleold the about theories develops he example, For owners. their that the larger the home, the smaller the dog and vice versa. Thus even his treatment of animals in these stories carefully illuminates their owners. has published abridged additions of these stories which contain (e,g, stories. cat or dog only animal as an “Awd bugger!” or utters the expletive “Bloody ‘ell!” it‘ell!” “Bloody expletive the utters or bugger!” “Awd an as animal is problematic to conceive of these books exclusively as children’s might literature children’s to stories these of assignation The stories. be more a result of marketing strategies than based on the actual Originally, works. these of content holding a horse’s on reins the cover and that led many bookstores 363). (Wight to put it in juvenile literature. background a inhabit creatures these animals, contain certainly they describing time more spends Herriot themselves. than larger is that the people and the landscape than he does the animals. When he mal boundaries. Reading Herriot’s work as children’s literature be could It well. as classifications other from it disqualify not does travel literature that children could still comprehend. Finn to a younger audience. is of interest works the in present themes adult many are there First, incomplete. of Herriot, from personal situations like courting, marital difficulty, and drunkenness to societal issues like euthanasia and the difficul the language farmer ties of wasAdditionally, of the Yorkshire war. often a bit rough for children. As often as a character refers to an Reading Herriot as a Travel Writer Travel as a Reading Herriot There are at least two writings reasons why have Wight’s not been adequately addressed as travel literature. The primary obstacle in reading these texts as travel literature is likely because they have The stories. animal or children either considered been traditionally Academy has not often deemed stories about children and pigs as worthy of critical investigation. tic of exceptional literature is that it transgresses traditional for quarter

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John S. Vassar John (1995). He has He (1995). Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings Moses the Kitten James Herriot’s Favorite Dog Stories Favorite Dog James Herriot’s (1985). These titles demonstrate that Wight was

cucumber and other assorted vegetables jostling each oth each jostling vegetables assorted other and cucumber er in a powerful mustard-vinegar sauce. It was the work of a moment to smother my loaded fork with the mass, then I popped it into my mouth, gave a couple of quick chews and swallowed. It was a start and I hadn’t tasted a thing except the piccalilli…Looking back, I realise it was one of the bravest things I have ever done. I stuck to my task dipping unwaveringly, again and again into the jar, Feverishly I scooped a mound of it on to my plate. It seemed to contain just about everything; onions, apples, Wight notes that, “Another obstacle [for Herriot] was the learning the was Herriot] [for obstacle “Another that, notes Wight Several elements of Herriot’s stories convey his traveler’s eye for the .” (Wight, 97). Sometimes Herriot’s writing dialect.” (Wight, Yorkshire the sounds very much like that of a stranger caught in a strange land, encountering strange customs and food. On one occasion he was dining with a farmer and his wife. She offered Herriot two pieces torn was He fat. white pure, of consisted which of each “bacon,” of hosts and eating some the hospitality of his between offending the handle to how about despaired he When thing unappetizing. so situation, he spotted a jar of piccalilli. James Wight, in a memoir of his father, writes that Herriot “was fas “was Herriot that writes father, his of memoir a in Wight, James uncov people, [Yorkshire] the of traditions and ways the by cinated ering warmth, humor and other qualities…[Herriot] was studying them.” (Wight, 98). Herriot observed the farmers in the the left dale having from Scotland, from arrived He outsider. an of position the thatperspective a had thus and Glasgow, of area metropolitan large at perspective, This Darrowby. of community the from different was integrate into this alien society. times, made it difficult for him to ‘wick’and ‘marra’ ‘garget’, ‘felon’ like Words “language.’ new a of of mysteries the unravel to attempted he as brain his bombarded also published several children’s stories children’s several published also Only One Woof of genre. of the distinctiveness aware unfamiliar terrain. Indeed, a hallmark of good travel writing in extensively wrote Herriot surroundings. alien of tales telling cludes of the dales and included descriptions of customs, food, religious practices, rites of passage and (obviously) how they their treat pets. be confused with confused be quarter

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John S. Vassar John Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings 315-316) ATBB ATBB keeping my mind a blank, grimly refusing to think of the horrible thing that was happening to me.… But at last I long a swallow, and crunch heroic final A end. the to came gulp at my tea and the plate was The empty. thing was accomplished. ( Ultimately it is not only the people who fall underneath this James’ role as a veterinarian also offers him unprecedented ac But in this interaction, Herriot excels at recalling the voices of of voices the recalling at excels Herriot interaction, this in But Herriot was able to observe so carefully because of his profes liar perspective allows for a rich fleshing out of characters and the and characters of out fleshing rich a for allows perspective liar twin This pets. their with interacted they that ways private rather life of the people perspective in on the the home and professional dales demonstrates Herriot’s eye for a good story. Yorkshire traveler’s eye. Herriot quickly Wight’s succumbed to the enchant country itself. occasions, On Her numerous ment Yorkshire of the a of location social the from lives he which in land the describes riot of the people in the dales. A veterinarian obviously deals exten sively with the sheep, cows, horses and other livestock on the dales. In addition, vets during Herriot’s day had to work with large corporate farms, as well as small family farms. Herriot ob eked have who farmers as landscape financial changing the serves out a living in the dales and moors and must continue to scratch to continue to survive. and claw in order cess to the interior lives of his patients’ owners. Because Herriot began to branch out into small animal work early in his practice, dale families. he This saw the pecu inner workings of numerous those who are often marginalized by contemporary societies to societies contemporary by marginalized often are who those day. Sanford Sternlicht observes that Herriot hears and trans mits “the lost voices of a landed people who cared for and re and life, of way their and beasts, their land, ancient their spected (136). Critical to of the a writer role of most of all, each other.” travel literature is the writer’s eye toward the unique and dis tinctive of the local provides veterinarian a as position Herriot’s point. vantage sional a unique perspective on the home as well as the livesprofessional Herriot thus encounters an experience so common to travelers, of ten torn between partaking in disconcerting customs or offending hosts. generous quarter

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John S. Vassar John Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings 67) ACGS The higher up the the more country, I liked them. At the where it bottom widened of into the the valley, plain, the farmers were like farmers everywhere, but the people grew more interesting as the land heightened, and in the Itops bleak the near farms isolated and hamlets scattered found their characteristics most marked; their simplicity and their dignity, rugged independence and their hospi ( tality. Wight’s work is Wight’s obviously autobiographical. In fact, the line be Numerous Numerous literary critics have noted the importance of a second Ultimately, Herriot sees the people of the dales as connected inex connected as dales the of people the sees Herriot Ultimately, tween author and protagonist is so liminal as to tween be almost author and indistin protagonist interestingly it makes device narrative important an But guishable. complex. Throughout these stories, there are two narrative voices James young the voice, narrative first his In reader. the to speaking acquaint new these making and land new this exploring is Herriot Her James wiser older, an voice, narrative second the in But ances. riot is reflecting on the incidents of his youth. As an example, in As Herriot progresses through As these through Herriot books, progresses he notes that the farm ways. important many in him change to begun have dales the of ers books. these in journey important second a exemplifies change This journey in travel writing. The best examples of travel writings in clude a journey of discovery that transcends geography and in cludes the development of the As writer. Michael Kowalewski notes: “while travel writing usually consists of part sociology and it has part also natural traditionally history, gone beyond “mere” ethnography by being insistently autobiographical” (8). social location. Even within the dales, Herriot notes different per the individuals live. sonalities depending on where visitor. He visitor. clearly fills therole of a city dweller who is enraptured him. that surrounds by the natural beauty tricably to the dales themselves. The farmers and farm-wives in some ways merge with the animals and the land. This connected ness between people and land is a central theme running through out these works. Herriot views these people and this land as inex tricably linked. This close connection between people and land our affects always location geographical our that notion the reflects quarter

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John S. Vassar John 19). Volume 04 ACGS All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings he and Siegfried fondly notice a fine collection of medicine but to an interior, a sentimental or temperamental voyage, temperamental or sentimental a interior, an to but which takes place side by side with that outer one; ... the us, indeed, a triple opportu ideal book of this kind offers nity of exploration—abroad, into the author’s brain, and braina possess therefore should writer The own. our into cour the and … life of philosophy some exploring; worth age to proclaim it and put it to the test; he must be naif 15) both child and sage.” (Fussell and profound, the reader of a good travel book is entitled not only to an of a good travel book is entitled the reader exterior voyage, to descriptions of scenery and so forth, James Herriot became a more complex literary character literary complex more a became Herriot James Herriot intended. have originally might creator his than the author supplied the grandfatherly perspective that a self, youthful his on experiences recorded his anchored character who might have begun as a humble observer, but matured and became much more interesting as the (28) books progressed. Good travel writing must include a focus upon the inner self of self inner the upon focus a include must writing travel Good As Richard Gardner observes, this complex dual structure makes structure dual complex this observes, Gardner Richard As panies Herriot throughout these books. As the young Herriot of the of Herriot young the As books. these throughout Herriot panies narrative world slowly transforms into the wise author reflecting fondly on the past, we accompany Herriot through that journey. dales, but Yorkshire travels not just to the the reader a result, As through life as well. The journey is inward as important to the the overall writer. nar that: Norman Douglas wrote rative as the journey outward. awareness.”(Beacham 635) Brunsdales agrees and adds: agrees 635) Brunsdales awareness.”(Beacham accom that growth of sense the demonstrates also observation This ACGS bottles which they are to use. “The two of us stood gazing at the gleaming rows without any idea that it was nearly all useless and that the days of the old medicines were nearly over. Soon they would be hustled into oblivion by the headlong rush of the new ( would never return.” discoveries and they a more interesting narrative. “The young man is made more like thirty additional years ofable by being blended with the narrators quarter

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John S. Vassar John himself Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings It is a fascinating irony that other travelers have now written trav written now have travelers other that irony fascinating a is It There There is also a final irony inherent to the travels of James Her This last connection between Herriot and travel writing is the Travelers learn not just foreign customs and curious cuisines and identified exclusively with the Yorkshire land. Yorkshire identified exclusively with the of center the as stands today Thirsk Darrowby. Herriot’s to guides el a tourist industry as farm houses have been transformed into Bed and Breakfast homes. plan Tourists trips to Thirsk and journey to lived. he where home the and worked he where office veterinary the Around 8 million visitors a year visit the Dales area, many of them 7). by Herriot’s books. (Brunsdale lured tempts to learn from them. Herriot proves a compelling pro that, notes Fussell seeking. always and tagonist,learning always “ unfamiliar beliefs and novel forms of government. They learn, if they humility” are (14). lucky, That humility might be the distin guishing mark between traveler and tourist. riot. His of process travel writing has itself Yorkshire the remade Dales. Herriot the traveler has now affected this foreign land. It is as true in travel as it is in quantum mechanics: the observer af fects the observed. Decades after his books, Wight perspective might also contribute to Herriot’s honest portrayal of his own faults and mistakes. As often occurs the in ethnography, observed has culture now and disappeared largely exists only in the writings of this initial observer. modesty of his self-portrayal. His modesty comes through the nar rative in numerous ways. Part of the popularity of this series is his frank description of numerous occasions where he made mistakes, misunderstood the local farmers, or exercised poor judgment. Not every chapter ends in a successful tale of a solved problem or an animal healed. But Herriot acknowledges his mistakes and at But Herriot’s books offer another changing protagonist, one that that one protagonist, changing another offer books Herriot’s But them dales Yorkshire the Herriot: alongside matures and grows selves. As Herriot writes, he does so from the perspective of one later: wrote son his As decades. over stretching experience has who “The world that James Herriot wrote about has all but disap peared… and the countless family farms…are now few in num ber” 363). (Wight about Writing events forty years after the fact provides a temporal perspective that illuminates the past while providing the author with a perspective from a fixed point. This quarter

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. Lexington: . John S. Vassar John . Oxford: Oxford Oxford Oxford: . Volume www.HerriotCoun 04 . New St. York: Mar . New York: W. W. Nor W. W. . New York: All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings , vol. 3 (Washington: Beacham (Washington: 3 vol. , . New York: St. Martin’s Press, Press, Martin’s St. York: New . . New York: St. Martin’s Press, . York: New . New York: . St. New York: Martin’s Press, . New Yord: Twayne Publishers, 1997. Publishers, Twayne Yord: New . . New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992. St. Martin’s Press, York: . New The Oxford Book of Travel Stories of Travel The Oxford Book The Norton Book of Travel of Book Norton The James Herriot All Creatures Great and Small Great All Creatures Travel Literature and the Evolution of the Novel Literature Travel Travel Literature Through the Ages: the An Anthology Through Literature Travel . Herriot brought film, books, and ultimately tourists to Every Living Thing The Lord God Made Them All All Things Bright and Beautiful All Things Wise and Wonderful All Things Wise Publishing, 1988), 635. tin’s Press, 1972. tin’s Press, 1973. 1977. 1981. York: Garland Publishing. 1988. York: Popular Fiction in America Beacham’s 1996. University Press, 1987. ton & Company, University Press of Kentucky, 1983. of Kentucky, University Press Tourism has proven lucrative for the region, bringing in $8 mil $8 in bringing region, the for lucrative proven has Tourism This remaking of the dales is complete to the point of changing impor offer all dales the of remaking his stories, his works, His ______. ______. ______. ______. ______, ed. Beacham, ed. Walton, “James Herriot (James Alfred Wight).” in Mitzi. Brunsdale, ed. Patricia, Craig, Fussell, Paul, ed. Herriot, James. tant reasons to consider Herriot’s work as an impressive example example impressive an as work Herriot’s consider to reasons tant writing travel of genre the enlarge should We literature. travel of and bring Herriot in as well. As Percy Adams writes, “The li no since so, much too not but gigantic, is literature travel of brary (Adams reader.” any for or world, this for large too be can library a trip to the is vast enough to include travel literature xi). Surely dales. Yorkshire References Percy. Adams, lion to Thirsk from 1978-1988 (Brunsdale 132) (Brunsdale 1978-1988 lion to Thirsk from travel at aimed carefully name new area’s Yorkshire The name. its ( website with complete Country, Herriot is ers try.com) dales, the the and Yorkshire dales paradoxically, exist in its truest state only in his books. quarter

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. New York: . York: New . Ann Arbor: . Ann Arbor: John S. Vassar John . Westport, Con Westport, . Volume 04 All Writings Great and Small and Great All Writings Tourists With Typewriters: Typewriters: With Tourists Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Mod the on Essays Journeys: Temperamental . Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992 Press, Athens: University of Georgia . All Things Herriot: James Herriot and His Peace James Herriot: A Critical Companion James Herriot: A . Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1995. Syracuse University Press, . Syracuse, NY: The Real James Herriot: A Memoir of My Father The Real James Herriot: A Ballentine Books, 1999. Critical TravelReflectionsWriting on Contemporary 2000. Press, University of Michigan of Travel ern Literature 1997. Press, necticut: Greenwood able Kingdom Wight, Jim. Wight, Rossi, Michael J. Michael Rossi, Sternlicht, Sanford. Holland, Patrick and Graham Huggan. ed. Michael, Kowalewski, quarter

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