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White Flower Farm Plantsmen Since 1950 $2.00 DESIGNING YOUR GARDEN White Flower Farm plantsmen since 1950 DESIGNING YOUR GARDEN The aim of this brochure is to help you select a site, size, and shape for a flower garden and then to fill it with a harmonious combination of plants. We present this process as a series of steps—seven in all—that takes you from the mere notion that you want a flower garden to a finished plan. If you already have a garden but are not satisfied with it, we suggest that you review the first four steps, then study Steps 5 through 7. When we say “flower garden” or “border” in this brochure, we mean an ornamental planting, one with well-defined edges and often (but not always) a back- drop of some sort—a house, a hedge, a wall, or a fence. You may be familiar with annual beds and perennial borders, but most gardeners (ourselves included) get greatest satisfaction from what are known as “mixed borders,” gardens that contain the gamut of plants— annuals, perennials, bulbs, shrubs, and small trees—for variety and a long season of interest. We want to emphasize at the outset that there is no single “right” way to make a garden. Most experienced gardeners follow guidelines similar to those we offer here, but others ignore them—sometimes to glorious effect. Your taste and desires are what matter, not what your neighbor is planting or what a gardening maga- zine says you should want. This brochure is meant to help you make choices, not to paralyze you with the fear that you’re not doing things just so. Have fun, and if fun happens to coincide with “rules” of design, fine. If not, that’s fine, too. © 2016 White Flower Farm, Litchfield, Connecticut 06759-0050 whiteflowerfarm.com 1 1. Think about what you want. ❁ Where will a garden provide the most The first step in designing a garden is to decide pleasure? If you plant a garden in order to exactly what sort of garden you want. You’re enjoy it, then you should probably put it where unlikely to realize your dream if you’re not sure you spend time outdoors or where you pass what your dream is. Do you want to decorate often—near the back terrace, along the drive- a small square by the front steps with a few way, at the foot of the front steps, or by the annuals, or do you long instead for a sweeping swimming pool. You’ll appreciate your garden border bursting with perennials? When do even more if you can see it from inside the you want your garden to look its best? Will a house. Rinsing dishes and tapping away at the brief but spectacular spring or summer show computer seem less like drudgery when you suffice, or do you want a garden that looks can pause to gaze out the window at bright attractive from early spring until hard frost? flowers swaying in the breeze. How much time, energy, and money are you CHOOSING A prepared to devote to the task of planting and LOCATION FOR caring for a garden? Do you want a garden A FLOWER that you can dig and plant in an afternoon and GARDEN that requires little effort to maintain, or do you Put your garden where prefer a more ambitious project, a garden that you can see and enjoy will usurp at least a weekend at planting time it, from both indoors and require regular attention throughout the and out. Provide a growing season? background such as 2. Choose a location for your garden. a fence or a hedge, and make sure the If you don’t already have a place in mind for garden is within reach your new garden (and even if you do), you of a hose. should walk your property and peer out your windows. Ask yourself the following questions as you look around you: ❁ Where is the nearest spigot? A garden ❁ Where does a garden “belong” in the also needs to be within reach of a hose. Even landscape? A flower garden is not a self-con- in climates where rainfall is abundant, dry tained unit. It’s a part of the landscape, just as spells are inevitable. If you can’t supply water a shade tree is, or a flowering Crabapple or when your plants require it, you risk the a bluestone patio, and as such it needs to be unpleasant prospect of watching them gasp in placed where it will fit in with its surroundings. summer’s heat. A border plopped into the lawn or stuck into a corner looks like an afterthought at best, a ❁ What sort of background will the border distraction at worst. A good design is wasted have? Think about the superb garden photos on a bad location. you see in books and magazines. In almost 2 whiteflowerfarm.com 3 every case, there is something standing behind but the number of plants that thrive in full THREE TYPES the exuberant floral display—a fence, a stone shade is relatively small (though quite a lot OF LIGHT or brick wall, a dark green hedge, or a mass of larger than most people believe). The point is shrubs or trees. These backgrounds prevent that if you dream of Iris and Peonies, Daylilies your eye from wandering all over the land- and Roses, Asters and Mums, you’ll need to put scape, allowing you to focus instead on the your border where it will receive ample sun- colorful plants in front of you. shine. If you put your border in shade, you must be prepared to explore Hostas, Astilbes, If the location you choose for your border Heucheras, Hellebores, Ferns, and other lacks a good background, consider building a denizens of shady nooks. simple fence or planting a hedge. A hedge FULL SUN Soil type is the other factor that determines needn’t be a row of tightly sheared Yew or Six hours or more of which plants you can grow. Most plants grow Privet. An informal assembly of shrubs such as direct sun between best in a soil that retains moisture reasonably 9:00 and 4:00. Viburnum, Syringa (Lilac), Clethra, Roses, and well while allowing the excess to drain away. Hydrangea offers a combination of bright On the extremes are sandy soils that dry out flowers, fruit, and striking fall color, as well as a rapidly after rainfall or irrigation and heavy rich green backdrop for the summer spectacle clay soils that stay soggy long after the rain has that unfolds at their feet. stopped. If you site your border on a hot sandy If you want to use a border to break up a bank or in a low, poorly drained area, you may large expanse of lawn, you may wish to dis- have to abandon your list of favorites and do pense with a traditional background and plant some research to discover plants adapted to an island bed instead. An island bed stands your soil type. It is possible to amend soil, to alone, surrounded by a sea of turf. To be effec- change it to suit the needs of plants (see our PARTIAL SUN Direct sun for 3–4 tive, it must generally be large—but in scale “Caring for Your Plants” brochure and the cul- hours and shade the with the overall landscape—and it must con- tural instructions booklet under Gardening rest of the day. tain tall plants (4ft or more) either at the back Help on our Web site), but radical transforma- or through the middle of the garden. These tall tion is labor-intensive and expensive. You’ll do plants act as a background for their shorter better to grow plants that like your conditions. neighbors and give the bed the sort of presence 3. Determine the size and shape of that a small circle of compact plants lacks. your border. ❁ What sorts of plants do you want to grow? A border’s size should match the scale of the Plants have basic needs that must be met if surrounding landscape (large properties gen- SHADE they are to thrive. The most important of these erally require large borders, small properties, Bright reflected are sun and soil. The majority of flowering small borders) and the inclinations of the gar- light but little or plants require full sun to reach their full poten- dener. Most people start with a small bed in a no direct sun. tial (see drawings at right). Many will tolerate sunny spot and are astounded at how fast the partial shade with little reduction in bloom, space fills up. They then add a few more feet to 4 whiteflowerfarm.com 5 the front or along the sides, perhaps several for straight-edged beds) or a garden hose times over the years. There is nothing wrong (which mimics a sinuous edge). Step back and with this gradual approach to garden making. look at the area from various vantage points In our experience, it’s better to start small and and adjust the lines to suit your taste. expand as time, money, and interest allow than When you’re pleased with the layout of to be overwhelmed by the demands of design- your garden, take a can of spray paint (white is ing and planting a large border. The object of easiest to see) and, following the string or the gardening, remember, is to have fun, not to hose, paint a line on the lawn or the soil. Then pull your hair out because you’ve bitten off measure the dimensions of your border.
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