"The Wolf & the Dog"

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08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:12 PM Page FC1 the Wolf & the Dog: FIRST FRIEND TO BEST FRIEND SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Front Cover Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 100 lb. cover, white 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:12 PM Page 2 s l l i M k c a J © ©Jack Mills SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, Pages 2-3 Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:12 PM Page 3 3 s l l i M k c a J © A Message from Defenders of Wildlife ogs have long been known as “man’s best long history of success. Our admiration for the wolf Dfriend,” but that title doesn’t go far enough. We and its role in nature is so strong we feature it in our trust dogs to protect our children, our families, logo. And it serves as a constant reminder of one of and our homes. We turn to dogs as partners in our most magnificent wild species. work–from herding livestock to detecting drugs or There is a great deal to admire in the wolf, and we explosives. We share our lives with dogs and enjoy see much of it reflected every day in our steadfast their steadfast friendship. Dogs are loved, cherished, domestic companions who greet us each evening with honored members of our families. a wagging tail. Many of the qualities that we value in our Humans have a love affair with dogs. As you dogs–including loyalty, intelligence, kindness, enjoy this book, we hope it will illustrate for and courage–come directly from their wolf you why wolves are just as deserving of our ancestors. Yet even as dogs have become a admiration, and our protection. welcomed part of our society, the wolf has been the victim of unfounded persecution and a target for execution. Defenders of Wildlife has long worked to protect wolves from those still determined to Rodger Schlickeisen harm them–and we are very proud of our President k Mills 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 4 4 s e g a m I y t t e G / N O I T C E L L O C E G A M I C I H P A R G O E G L A N O I T A N / s u i n e s l O d r a h c i R © Timeline Schematic OF WOLF/DOG EVOLUTION 37 MILLION 9 MILLION YEARS AGO: 1 MILLION 14,000 - 100,000 12,000 YEARS AGO: Evolution of , YEARS AGO: Eucyon YEARS AGO: YEARS AGO: Human buried with Evolution of forebearer of wolf, dog Evolution of the Evolution of the pup. Wolf or dog? the first canids and coyote gray wolf domesticated dog d No one knows–but the affection seems undeniable. s l l i M k c a J © Coyote Siberian husky Canid skull Wolf howling SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 4-5 Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 5 5 s e g a Long, Long Ago . m I y t t e G / N O t some point, long before recorded history, wolves The very first species of dogs were the greyhound–bred I T C E and humans established a special relationship. No in the deserts of Africa for their speed in bringing L L O A one knows if wolves took the initiative and down prey–and the mastiff, first seen in northern C E G ingratiated themselves with mankind while scavenging Europe and created as especially powerful guard dogs. A M I at camp sites, or if humans actively adopted less C I H P aggressive wolf pups. But at some point, a particularly A R G friendly pup probably bonded with a human, accepting O E G that man or woman as part of its “pack.” L A N O I Once a wolf became accepting of humans, its benefits T A N / to those humans were unquestionable. Deeply loyal, a s u i n wolf could use its keen senses to warn when trouble e s l O approached. It could help chase down prey, and it d r a h could guard families. c i R © Scientists once thought the evolution of wolves into dogs was complete roughly 12,000 to 14,000 years ago–but new evidence suggests it could have been much earlier than that–perhaps 100,000 years ago. The first dogs probably evolved from wolf breeds in Asia, which were smaller than the gray wolves we know today in North America. Over time, people began to realize the advantages of improving on their dog’s natural assets, and selective breeding began. ©Jack Mills 3,000 - 4,000 MIDDLE AGES: Dogs 1570: First known 1886: First dog show, YEARS AGO: bred for specific attempt to classify dogs– founded by Charles Cruft Development of hunting traits De Canibus Britannicis 1884: Establishment of distinct dog breeds by Dr. John Caius the American Kennel Club Greyhound Pembroke Welsh Labrador retriever corgi West Highland white terrier 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 6 6 s s l l l l i i M M k k c c a a J J © © Working Together hen wolves were sufficiently evolved to These weapons were less likely to kill at first blow, Wbecome dogs, human hunting methods but a dog could track a wounded animal and bring it changed. Once the best hunting technique to bay–even fight it if necessary. was to hit the prey with a stone axe–a dangerous strategy. But as soon as humans had dogs as Perhaps one of the most significant gifts that dogs have partners, they began to employ weapons that could given to humanity is this partnership that helped our kill from further away, including spears or arrows. species to advance and prosper. SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 6-7 Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white ©Jack Mills 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/072:13PMPage7 ©Jack Mills 7 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 8 8 Wolf ©Jack Mills Creating a Breed Apart or centuries dogs were what we’d today call The mastiff and the greyhound were bred into Fmongrels–unspecific breeds that tended to follow existence some 4,000 years ago. But the practice of the coloration and size of the wolves from which selective breeding really took off with the rise of the aristocracy in the Middle Ages. Members of the they descended. But eventually humans began to take nobility considered it a sign of prestige to maintain dog advantage of the fact that some dogs had superb packs created to hunt a variety of prey. Beagles were herding instincts, some were better hunters, and some bred to bay loudly while tracking foxes and other were natural guardians, and they began to breed species so a hunting party could follow them by ear. specific types of dogs. Hounds were developed with enhanced senses of smell ©Jeff Foott/Discovery Channel Images/Getty Images ©Jean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images SQN job no: 0607053 Client: Defenders of Wildlife Project: Wolf Book Date: 08SEP06 Stage: Final Component: Book, pages 8-9 Finished size: 8.5 x 8.5 inches Ink: 4/4 (4 color process) Stock: 80 lb. cover, white 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 9 9 k Mills Siberian husky to pursue even “cold” trails. Terriers–tremendous pets–a luxury only the rich could afford. Working diggers–were created to go after animals that tended to breeds continued to become more specialized, with hide underground. collies and shepherds for herding, pit bulls and bulldogs for fighting and protection, and a dazzling array of Retrievers were bred in part for their gentle mouths that other dogs for hunting. don’t crush prey when they return with it. Labradors developed as exceptional swimmers and water lovers, In the 1800s, the first dog shows popularized the and so are useful for duck hunting. Boarhounds, concept of pure-bred dogs. Today the American Kennel wolfhounds, elkhounds–each was created to be used in Club recognizes well over 150 breeds, and there are an hunting one specific prey. estimated 300-400 breeds of dogs in existence. Today there are dogs in every part of the human-inhabited By the Renaissance, “companion” breeds had been world, and most dog owners regard their pets as far developed. These were dogs too small and delicate to be more than a luxury–they are necessities and beloved used as work partners, and were designed simply as members of our family. ©Jean Baptiste Charpentier/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Images ©Fox Photos/Hulton Archive/Getty Images 08SEP_Wolf_Book_FINAL.qxp 3/29/07 2:13 PM Page 10 10 s l l i M A Dog is not a Wolf k c a J © omestication produced some quite universal Most importantly, dogs are tamable and trainable, Dresults.
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