DOCSLIB.ORG

“Advancement in Speleothems Petrography and Microstratig- Raphy As Proxies of Climate and Environmental Changes”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

“Advancement in speleothems petrography and microstratig- raphy as proxies of climate and environmental changes” VALENTINA VANGHI (ORCID: 0000-0002-9412-6602) BSc. Natural Science (Hons.) (University of Florence, Italy) MSc. Quaternary Geology (University of the Basque Country, Spain) MSc. Human Evolution (University of Burgos, Spain) A Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY March 2018 School of Environmental and Life Science Faculty of Science and Information Technology University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Statement of Originality I declare this Thesis contains no material which has been accepted, or is being examined, for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968 and any approved embargo. Acknowledgement of Collaboration I hereby certify that the work embodied in this Thesis has been done in collaboration with other researchers, or carried out in other institution. Below I have outlined the extent of collaboration, with whom and under what auspices. John Hellstrom (co-supervisor of this PhD thesis) and Petra Bajo from the University of Melbourne are acknowledged for training me and helping in the U-Th dating procedures presented in chapters 3 and 5. Russell Drysdale, also from the University of Melbourne, is acknowledged for training me in the art of IR-MS stable isotopes analyses presented in chapter 5. Daryl Howard from the Australian Synchrotron (Melbourne) contributed to the data acquisition of SR-µXRF analyses presented in chapter 3. Gerda Gloy from the Bruker Nano Analytics (Brisbane) helped with the µXRF analyses presented in chapter 3. Floriana Salvemini from Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation – ANSTO, assisted at the neutron tomography experiment presented in chapter 4. Vladimir Luzin from ANSTO contributed to the acquisition and processing of neutron diffraction data presented in chapter 4. Jitendra Mata from ANSTO assisted with the small angle neutron scattering analysis and data processing presented in chapter 4. Sandro Montanari from the Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco assisted during the fieldwork at Frasassi cave and helped with the interpretation of the data. Acknowledgement of Authorship I hereby certify that the work embodied in this Thesis is my own work, conducted under normal supervision. I, Valentina Vanghi, was the primary investigator and lead author of all manuscripts presented in this Thesis. ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- (Silvia Frisia) (Valentina Vanghi) 3 Dedicated to M Acknowledgements This research project has been fully funded by the Australian Government within the Endeavour Award Postgraduate Scholarship program. I am therefore infinitely grateful to the Australian Government for giving me the opportunity to do a PhD and spend 4 wonderful years in this beau- tiful country that I now call home. I also acknowledge the financial support, during the last two years of my PhD, through a Post- graduate Research Award from the Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE). My deepest and sincere gratitude goes to Silvia Frisia and Andrea Borsato my principal super- visors at the University of Newcastle, because during these four years I received a great super- efficient supervision and help every time I needed it. I felt always supported, encouraged and motivated and I have been working in a positive environment, which helped me a lot to get through all the typical ups and downs of a PhD. Thanks for having trusted me for this postgraduate project. A personal thanks for Silvia that, apart of being very competent in her job as professor and students supervisor, for me has been a friend and a point of reference. I should probably say an downunder-mum. Thanks for all the happy moments, the dinners at your place, our conversa- tion about life and Italy (I will never, never forgot your sincere and wise advices) and all the lunch-boxes you prepared many times for me. Andrea, un grazie personale also for all the laughs and funny moments shared together and especially, for all the speleo-adventures! I had so much fun mamma mia! I am also very thankful to Russell Drysdale for all the (tons) of isotopes analyses I could do at his lab at the University of Melbourne, during these four years. Thanks Russ for being always so welcoming, friendly and helpful; I have always felt like one of your PhD student. Thanks also to John Hellstrom (my co-supervisor) and Petra Bajo from the University of Mel- bourne for their help during the U-Th dating and for running the age-models. I am also grateful for the support and supervision received at ANSTO from Floriana Salvemini, Jitendra Mata and Vladimir Luzin. Thanks to Hugh Dunstan (University of Newcastle) who facilitated access to the fluorescence microscope. Thanks also to Sandro Montanari from the Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, Sandro Mar- iani, Nereo Preto for their support during the fieldtrips at Frasassi cave and for all the good moments spent together during the speleological campaigns. Thanks to the Direnzione Regionale, the Soprintendenza Archeologica della Puglia and the municipality of Altamura for giving access and allowing sampling at Lamalunga cave. Thanks to the guys of the Centro Altamurano Ricerche Speleologiche (CARS) for assisting during the field work. Especially thanks to Giovanni Ragone for being very nice and welcoming with us. I have to sincerely thanks all my uni colleagues. First of all Emma and Andrew, because they have been the first ones I met at Uni and they hold a special place inside my heart. I could not ask for better uni friends. Thanks for being so amazing with me and to have shared all the laughs and cries (many). I love you! ° Thanks to Caio for joking with me all the times, making me laugh and being my friend (and thanks for being so patient everytime I asked you questions about computer stuff) ° thanks to the beautiful, genuine and sweetest persons I know, Azadeh and Tina ° Thanks to Ebony for being a friend, for all the nice moments and talks we had and all the adventures we shared together ° Thanks to Loy for its politeness and kindness and for being a friend ° Thanks to my beautiful sweet friend Laura, it is always so nice to have you around uni ° Thanks to Hannah for all the wise advises and for being so nice to me all the time (you cooked lasagna for me once, I will never forget) ° Thanks to Judy and Danielle but also Hannah and Silvia again, for being such inspiring women in academia ° Thanks to Olivier pour être toujour tres gentil et simpa et pour parler en français avec moi parce que c’est tres important por moi. Then I want to thanks my Newcastle multicultural family of friends, my best friends here. Thanks for your support and craziness and sorry if I behaved a bit like a weirdo in the past 3 or 4 months. Specifically, grazie al mio Sergione a cui voglio bene come ad un fratello e per il cibo provided in momenti di bisogno e no e per l’aiuto informatico ° gracias a Alicia y Alberto por llevar un poquito de España en Newcastle y gracias por animarme durante mis bajones ° Merci a ma amie française la plus belle du monde Clo, parce que je t’adore et tu sais ca ° Thanks to Elaine and Franci my fantastic austro-italian friends for all the good moments shared together, I am so glad I have met you, I feel a Pisano too ° Thanks to Tamara my running buddy and wonderful wise friend, thanks for being such a beautiful friend for me, you are my sunray ° Thanks to Melissa and Emily for all the quality moments shared and all the laughs ° Thanks to Heather and Svana for all the adventures we went together I miss you too so much ° Thanks to Angy e Andre for all the good moments and for being always so positive and cheerful and radiant like the sun ° Than thanks to Kim, Larissa, Lyle, Amy, Tim, Pinky and many others that I have met here in Oz. Thanks to all my beautiful flatmates (Elise, Craig, Vic, Naomi, Andy, Nick) thanks for being patient with me during the writing phase of my PhD. Thanks for sharing your life with me and making our house “home-sweet-home”. Thanks to all my Uni Melbourne friends for considering me one of them and for hosting me at their places all the times I had to come to Melbourne. First of all, grazie to Michela (v.), because, now, you are like a sister for me and because you make me laugh like a crazy all the time we are together ° Thanks to ‘ompa Andre for all the cazzate che abbiamo combinato insieme and some of the most absurd situations we ended up in! Japan docet, ho detto tutto ° Thanks to Coralie because you are unique. Coralie is Coralie and I love you as you are ° Gracias a Arturo y Brenda para acogerme estupendamente en vuestra casa ° Thanks to Petra for being always so nice and patient with me, for all the things you thought me and your precious help Now it is time to thank to all my Italian friends that even if so far away they always make me feel as if I am still living close to them and they still share their day-to-day life with me.
Recommended publications
  • Lehman Caves Management Plan

    Lehman Caves Management Plan

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Great Basin National Park Lehman Caves Management Plan June 2019 ON THE COVER Photograph of visitors on tour of Lehman Caves NPS Photo ON THIS PAGE Photograph of cave shields, Grand Palace, Lehman Caves NPS Photo Shields in the Grand Palace, Lehman Caves. Lehman Caves Management Plan Great Basin National Park Baker, Nevada June 2019 Approved by: James Woolsey, Superintendent Date Executive Summary The Lehman Caves Management Plan (LCMP) guides management for Lehman Caves, located within Great Basin National Park (GRBA). The primary goal of the Lehman Caves Management Plan is to manage the cave in a manner that will preserve and protect cave resources and processes while allowing for respectful recreation and scientific use. More specifically, the intent of this plan is to manage Lehman Caves to maintain its geological, scenic, educational, cultural, biological, hydrological, paleontological, and recreational resources in accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and current guidelines such as the Federal Cave Resource Protection Act and National Park Service Management Policies. Section 1.0 provides an introduction and background to the park and pertinent laws and regulations. Section 2.0 goes into detail of the natural and cultural history of Lehman Caves. This history includes how infrastructure was built up in the cave to allow visitors to enter and tour, as well as visitation numbers from the 1920s to present. Section 3.0 states the management direction and objectives for Lehman Caves. Section 4.0 covers how the Management Plan will meet each of the objectives in Section 3.0.
  • Junior Cave Scientist Cave and Karst Program Activity Book Ages 5 – 12+

    Junior Cave Scientist Cave and Karst Program Activity Book Ages 5 – 12+

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Geologic Resources Division Junior Cave Scientist Cave and Karst Program Activity Book Ages 5 – 12+ Name: Age: Explore • Learn • Protect 1 Become a Junior Cave Scientist Caves and karst landscapes are found throughout the United States. These features are important as part of our Nation's geologic heritage. In this book, you will explore a fascinating and fragile underground world, learn about the values of caves and karst landscapes, and complete fun educational activities. Explore magnificent and beautiful caves. You will find an amazing underground world just beneath your feet! Learn about caves and karst systems and the work that cave scientists do. Protect our natural environments and the things that make caves and karst areas special. To earn your badge, complete at least activities. (Your Age) Activities in this book are marked with an age indicator. Look for the symbols below: Flashlight Lantern Helmet and Headlamp Ages 5 - 7 Ages 8 – 11 Ages 12 and Older Put a check next to your age indicator on each page that you complete. I received this book from: After completing the activities, there are two ways to receive your Junior Cave Scientist badge: • Return the completed book to a ranger at a participating park, or 2 • Visit go.nps.gov/jrcavesci What are Speleo-Fact: Mammoth Cave is the longest cave in world with over 405 miles (652 km) of connected passageways. Caves and Karst? Caves are naturally occurring voids, cavities, interconnected passageways, or alcoves in the earth. Caves preserve fossils, minerals, ecosystems, and records of past climates.
  • Bibliography

    Bibliography

    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
  • Podgrad, Sw Slovenia Speleogeneza in Sedimentaci

    Podgrad, Sw Slovenia Speleogeneza in Sedimentaci

    COBISS: 1.01 SPELEOGENESIS AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF PALEOKARST PHREATIC CAVES/CAVITIES; PODGRAD, SW SLOVENIA SPELEOGENEZA IN SEDIMENTACIJSKA ZGODOVINA PALEOKRAŠKIH JAM/VOTLIN PREŽETE CONE; PODGRAD, JZ SLOVENIJA Bojan OTONIČAR1,* Abstract UDC 551.44:551.35(497.434) Izvleček UDK 551.44:551.35(497.434) Bojan Otoničar: Speleogenesis and depositional history of Bojan Otoničar: Speleogeneza in sedimentacijska zgodovina paleokarst phreatic caves/cavities; Podgrad, SW Slovenia paleokraških jam/votlin prežete cone; Podgrad, JZ Slovenija The studied paleokarst corresponds to an uplifted peripheral Raziskovani paleokras se je oblikoval na dvignjeni periferni foreland bulge when Upper Cretaceous diagenetically imma- izboklini, ko so bili diagenetsko nezreli zgornje kredni kar- ture eogenetic carbonates were subaerially exposed, karstified bonati dvignjeni nad morsko gladino in zakraseli. Kasneje je and subsequently overlain by upper Paleocene/lower Eocene bil ta zakraseli del periferne izbokline ponovno potopljen pod palustrine limestone. morsko gladino, paleokraško površje pa prekrito z zgornje pale- Among the subsurface paleokarstic features, both vadose and ocenskimi do spodnje eocenskimi palustrinimi apnenci. phreatic forms occur. The phreatic caves/cavities include fea- Na raziskovanem območju se pojavljajo podpovršinske tures characteristic of the mixing zone speleogenesis at the paleokraške oblike značilne tako za prežeto kot neprežeto interface between freshwater (brackish water) lenses and the hidrogeološko cono. Kraške jame in manjše votlinice prežete underlying seawater. They were found in various positions cone kažejo značilnosti speleogeneze v območju mešanja with respect to the paleokarstic surface, the deepest being meteorne in morske vode. Pojavljajo se v različnih nivo- about 75 m below the surface. Three indistinct horizons of jih glede na paleokraško površje, najgloblje približno 75 cavities/caves and intermediate vugs were recognized.
  • Late Quaternary Speleogenesis and Landscape Evolution in the Northern Apennine Evaporite Areas

    Late Quaternary Speleogenesis and Landscape Evolution in the Northern Apennine Evaporite Areas

    EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Earth Surf. Process. Landforms (2017) Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI: 10.1002/esp.4099 Late quaternary speleogenesis and landscape evolution in the northern Apennine evaporite areas Andrea Columbu,1 * Veronica Chiarini,2,3 Jo De Waele,2 Russell Drysdale,1,3 Jon Woodhead,4 John Hellstrom4 and Paolo Forti2 1 School of Geography, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, 3010 Melbourne, Australia 2 Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 67, 40127 Bologna, Italy 3 Laboratoire EDYTEM, University of Savoie, bd de la Mer Caspienne, Le Bourget du Lac cedex F-73376, France 4 School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Corner Swanston & Elgin Streets, 3010 Melbourne, Australia Received 9 June 2016; Revised 7 December 2016; Accepted 8 December 2016 *Correspondence to: Andrea Columbu, School of Geography, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, 3010, Melbourne, Australia. E-mail: acolumbu@student. unimelb.edu.au ABSTRACT: Gypsum beds host the majority of the caves in the north-eastern flank of the Apennines, in the Emilia Romagna region (Italy). More than six hundred of these caves have been surveyed, including the longest known epigenic gypsum cave systems in the world (Spipola-Acquafredda, ~11 km). Although this area has been intensively studied from a geological point of view, the age of the caves has never been investigated in detail. The rapid dissolution of gypsum and uplift history of the area have led to the long-held view that speleogenesis commenced only during the last 130 000 years.
  • Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst

    Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst

    Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-2016 Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst Geohazards Through Geologic Cave Mapping and LiDAR Analyses Associated with Infrastructure in Culberson County, Texas Jon T. Ehrhart Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds Part of the Geology Commons, Hydrology Commons, and the Speleology Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Ehrhart, Jon T., "Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst Geohazards Through Geologic Cave Mapping and LiDAR Analyses Associated with Infrastructure in Culberson County, Texas" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 66. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst Geohazards Through Geologic Cave Mapping and LiDAR Analyses Associated with Infrastructure in Culberson County, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This thesis is available at SFA ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/66 Speleogenesis and Delineation of Megaporosity and Karst Geohazards Through Geologic Cave Mapping and LiDAR Analyses Associated with Infrastructure in Culberson County, Texas By Jon Ehrhart, B.S. Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Stephen F. Austin State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Science STEPHEN F.
  • Hypogenic Caves in Provence (France): Specific Features and Sediments

    Hypogenic Caves in Provence (France): Specific Features and Sediments

    Speleogenesis and Evolution of Karst Aquifers The Virtual Scientific Journal www.speleogenesis.info Hypogenic caves in Provence (France): Specific features and sediments Ph. Audra (1), J.-Y. Bigot (2) and L. Mocochain (3) (1)* Équipe Gestion et valorisation de l'environnement (GVE), UMR 6012 “ESPACE” du CNRS, Nice Sophia-Antipolis University, 98 boulevard Édouard Herriot, BP 209, FRANCE - 06204 NICE Cédex. E-mail: [email protected] (2) French caving federation. E-mail: [email protected] (3) Provence University, France. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author Re-published by permission from: Acta Carsologica vol. 31, n.3, p.33-50. Abstract Two dry caves from French Provence (Adaouste and Champignons caves) were until now considered as “normal” caves, evolved under meteoric water flow conditions. A new approach gives evidence of a hypogenic origin from deep water uprising under artesian conditions. Specific morphologies and sediments associated with this hydrology are discussed. Keywords: hypogenic karst, hydrothermalism, subaqueous calcite deposits, condensation corrosion 1. Introduction Adaouste and Champignons caves are located in Provence, in strongly folded Jurassic limestone (Fig. 1). Most explored cave systems have evolved under The first opens at the top of Mirabeau cluse where the seeping meteoric water carrying biogenic CO2 under Durance River crosses it; the second is in the scarp of the gravity flow, torrential type in the vadose zone or under famous Sainte-Victoire Mountain. hydraulic charge in the phreatic zone (Ford and William, In the two caves, most of the morphological and 1988). Except for pseudokarsts resulting in processes sedimentary features related to classic gravific origin are other than solution, few minorities of cave systems find totally absent: their origin in artesian and hydrothermal settings.
  • Cave Formation Find-A-Word Junior Ranger Activity: “Speleothem” Is a Word Scientists Use When They Mean All Cave Formations, Not Just One Type

    Cave Formation Find-A-Word Junior Ranger Activity: “Speleothem” Is a Word Scientists Use When They Mean All Cave Formations, Not Just One Type

    P.O. Box 1849 Become a Junior Ranger at Kartchner Caverns State Park! Pledge to do your Benson, AZ 85602 part to help preserve the beauty of the park for everyone to enjoy! Get your Junior (520) 586-4100 Ranger booklet at the park, complete it, and bring it to a Park Ranger for review. Then receive your Junior Ranger Button! Enjoy this sample activity. We hope to see you at the park. Cave Formation Find-a-Word Junior Ranger Activity: “Speleothem” is a word scientists use when they mean all cave formations, not just one type. Read the descriptions of the types of formations found in Kartchner Caverns. Fill in the name of the formation in the blanks. We have listed names of formations in the box below to help you remember. 1. Looks like a rock waterfall! Forms by water flowing over cave walls and floor. __ __ __ __ S __ __ __ __ 2. Thin, curtain-like formation on sloping cave ceiling formed by flowing water. __ __ __ P __ __ __ 3. Delicate calcium tube that grows crazy in all directions. __ E __ __ __ __ __ __ __ 4. A flat, shelf-like formation found on edges of pools of water. __ __ __ L __ __ __ __ __ __ 5. A stalagmite that looks “sunny side up” and is formed by dripping water. __ __ __ E __ __ __ __ 6. A thin, striped formation created on sloping cave walls. __ __ __ O __ 7. Hollow, fragile formation caused by dripping water.
  • Caves of Missouri

    Caves of Missouri

    CAVES OF MISSOURI J HARLEN BRETZ Vol. XXXIX, Second Series E P LU M R I U BU N S U 1956 STATE OF MISSOURI Department of Business and Administration Division of GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND WATER RESOURCES T. R. B, State Geologist Rolla, Missouri vii CONTENT Page Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 5 Origin of Missouri's caves 6 Cave patterns 13 Solutional features 14 Phreatic solutional features 15 Vadose solutional features 17 Topographic relations of caves 23 Cave "formations" 28 Deposits made in air 30 Deposits made at air-water contact 34 Deposits made under water 36 Rate of growth of cave formations 37 Missouri caves with provision for visitors 39 Alley Spring and Cave 40 Big Spring and Cave 41 Bluff Dwellers' Cave 44 Bridal Cave 49 Cameron Cave 55 Cathedral Cave 62 Cave Spring Onyx Caverns 72 Cherokee Cave 74 Crystal Cave 81 Crystal Caverns 89 Doling City Park Cave 94 Fairy Cave 96 Fantastic Caverns 104 Fisher Cave 111 Hahatonka, caves in the vicinity of 123 River Cave 124 Counterfeiters' Cave 128 Robbers' Cave 128 Island Cave 130 Honey Branch Cave 133 Inca Cave 135 Jacob's Cave 139 Keener Cave 147 Mark Twain Cave 151 Marvel Cave 157 Meramec Caverns 166 Mount Shira Cave 185 Mushroom Cave 189 Old Spanish Cave 191 Onondaga Cave 197 Ozark Caverns 212 Ozark Wonder Cave 217 Pike's Peak Cave 222 Roaring River Spring and Cave 229 Round Spring Cavern 232 Sequiota Spring and Cave 248 viii Table of Contents Smittle Cave 250 Stark Caverns 256 Truitt's Cave 261 Wonder Cave 270 Undeveloped and wild caves of Missouri 275 Barry County 275 Ash Cave
  • Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Mortuary Behaviours and The

    Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Mortuary Behaviours and The

    Chapter 3 Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Mortuary Behaviours and the Origins of Ritual Burial João Zilhão eventually extended to the Middle Palaeolithic in gen- INTRODUCTION eral (Gargett 1989 , 1999 ). Although we now know that the site of the 1856 discov- As two Israeli scholars were quick to point out, the ery of the eponymous remains – the Kleine Feldhofer ultimate implications of the sceptical argument were Grotte, in the Neander valley – was in all likelihood a that burial should be considered unproven even as late place of burial (Schmitz 2006 ), the fact that Neanderthals in prehistory as the Natufi an (Belfer-Cohen & Hovers buried their dead was not scientifi cally established until 1992 ). However, this elegant refutation by reductio ad 1908, at the Bouffi a Boneval, one of the caves in the absurdum of the burial deniers’ position did not suffi ce to La Chapelle-aux-Saints complex of Palaeolithic locali- put the issue to rest, as shown by interpretations derived ties ( Figures 3.1 and 3.2 ). A near-complete skeleton, the from a recent re-analysis of the context of the child skel- ‘old man’, was found here, lying inside a 0.30 m deep, eton excavated in 1961 at Roc-de-Marsal (Dordogne, approximately 1.50 × 1.00 m depression of the marly France: Sandgathe et al. 2011 ). At fi rst glance, the new bedrock whose morphology (roughly rectangular, with evidence can be construed as supporting the proposi- straight walls and a fl at bottom) indicated that it had tion that, in this particular instance, deliberate burial been deliberately dug for the disposal of the corpse is not confi rmed.
  • Evolution of the Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) Drainage System: Insights from the Distribution and Dating of Cave Deposits

    Evolution of the Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) Drainage System: Insights from the Distribution and Dating of Cave Deposits

    Smith ScholarWorks Geosciences: Faculty Publications Geosciences 2011 Evolution of the Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) Drainage System: Insights from the Distribution and Dating of Cave Deposits Damir Lacković Croatian Natural History Museum Bosiljka Glumac Smith College, [email protected] Yemane Asmerom University of New Mexico Andrej Stroj Croatian Geological Survey Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.smith.edu/geo_facpubs Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Lacković, Damir; Glumac, Bosiljka; Asmerom, Yemane; and Stroj, Andrej, "Evolution of the Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) Drainage System: Insights from the Distribution and Dating of Cave Deposits" (2011). Geosciences: Faculty Publications, Smith College, Northampton, MA. https://scholarworks.smith.edu/geo_facpubs/93 This Article has been accepted for inclusion in Geosciences: Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Smith ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected] Geologia Croatica 64/3 213–221 6 Figs. 2 Tabs. Zagreb 2011 213 Lacković et al.: Evolution of the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) drainage system... Evolution of the Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia) drainage system: insights from the distribution and dating of cave deposits Damir Lacković1, Bosiljka Glumac2, Yemane Asmerom3 & Andrej Stroj4 1Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia; ([email protected]) 2Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, USA; ([email protected]) 3Deptartment of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA; ([email protected]) 4Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia; ([email protected]) doi: 104154/gc.2011.18 GeologiaGeologia CroaticaCroatica AB STRA CT Detailed fi eld examination, U-Th age dating, and stable isotope analysis of Veternica fl owstone and shelfstone de- posits have been employed in order to unravel details about the geological history of Veternica Cave (Medvednica Mountain, Croatia).
  • The Caves & Karst Edition

    The Caves & Karst Edition

    A Tale of Two Caves: How Is Hurricane Crawl Cave Different From Crystal Cave? Photo courtesy of Dave Bunnell, Under Earth Images. Meet the Scientists Joel D. Despain, Hydrologist: My favorite scientific experiences involve understanding the geomorphic history of a given cave or cave area. Some geomorphic questions are, “Why did the cave form, and why did it form with these particular shapes and patterns? Is it random?” It turns out that caves form in specific ways that tell us about past conditions. The history of the cave, the structure of the rock, the hydrology of the region, the gradient, and other factors all play big roles. Cave geologists are determining different types of caves and how they develop with greater precision every year. They do this through a better understanding of the shapes, forms, and patterns found within caves. This research is creating a much better understanding of caves that then informs our understanding and knowledge of regional geology and geologic history. Benjamin W. Tobin, Hydrologist: Each science experience is amazing, interesting, and fun in its own way. If I had to choose, however, my favorite would be conducting dye traces at the Grand Canyon. This work involves dumping a colored non-harmful dye into the ground up on the plateau above the canyon, then monitoring springs in the canyon to determine where the dye showed up. This is simple science. But the results tell us an incredible amount about how water moves below our feet and it never seems to do what we expect. Greg M. Stock, Geologist: My favorite science experience was mapping caves in Sequoia with Mr.