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Village Survey Monograhs, No-3, Part VI, Vol-VIII

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Village Survey Monograhs, No-3, Part VI, Vol-VIII PRG.l'U(N)1- CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 VOLUME VIII MADHYA PRADESH PART VI VILLAGE SURVEY MONOGRAPHS No. 3 DISTRICT BILASPUR, TAHSIL MUNGELI, VILLAGE TILAIBHAT K. C. DUBEY DefJtlly Superillll..u.t 0/ CM1f4S Operllliouj, MfMlhya Prfllesh PUBLISHED BY THE MANAGER OJ' PUBLICATIONS. DELHI.8 PI'Ic. IRa••• 45 aP. or 10 abo 5 cL or 1 • 61 c. PRINTED AT THE GOVERL'll\.lEN'T REGIONAL PRESS, MADHYA PRADESH, GWALIOR 1961 OENSUS PUBLICATIONS, MADHYA PRADESH ( AU the Census Publications oj this State will bear VoZtmll No. VIII·) '. PART I . General Report including Subsidiary Ta.~les. (in Sub-Parts) PARTII- A General Population Tables. PARTII-B Economic Tables. (in Sub-Parts) PART II-C Cultural and Migration Tables. (in Sub-Parts) PART III Household Economic Tables. PART IV Housing and Establishment Tables (including Subsidiary Table,;) (in Sub-Parts) and Report. PARTV Special Tables for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. (in Sub-Parts) PART VI Village Survey Monographs. (A separate Sub-Part for each Village surveyed.) PART VII Survey of Handicrafts of the State. (A separate Sub-Part for each handicraft surveyed.) PART VllI-A Admjnjstration Report-Enumeration. PARTVIII-B Administration Jleport-Tabulation. PART IX Maps. CONTENTS Pages Foreword Villaae Surveys in Madh"a Pradesh Preface Chapter I-General Description 3-5 Location of the village-Etymology of the viUage-name-ViUage-site and important landmarks -Extract from the Mahalwar A bstract prepared at the time of the Settlement. Chapter II-Demoaraphy 6-7 Population variation since 1901-Density of population-Sex-ratio-Marltal status-Size a,zd compositjOff' of the family-Caste and communities. Chapter III-The People ' 8-17 Account of the Telis in Literature-Endogaptous divisions oj the Tetis-The Rawats and tMfr Endogamous divisions-Rawat got-The Dhobis-Their mention in the Literature-tKshatri (CMatri) caste-The Chhatris in Chhattisgarh-Chhatri gotra-Bairagi caste-Characters of tJze caste-The Nai caste-Endogamous sections of the Nais-The Panka caste-So.me sayings about the caste-Sub-divisions of the Pankas. Chapter IV -Dress and Ornaments 18-24 Changes in dress and ornaQ'il,ents-Expenditure on clothing in different castes-DreS5 in different castes-Ornaments in different castes-Tattooing-:-Significance of ta,ttooing-;rhe mode afUl designs of tattooing. Chapter V-The Social Str~cture 25-42 The fapzily-Size and composition of the family-Family types in the village-Intraja.,mity relatious -Husbanrl-'I1lI~fe relatioaship-Parent-child relationship-M other-in-la.w-daughter-in-law relationship -Father-in-law-dateghter-in-law relationship-Other relations in the family-Joking relationshiP -Some kinshiP ter,ms-Life-cycle rituals-Conception- Determination of sex of tM child-Birth customs of the Telis-Ofthe Chhatris-Ofthe Bairagis-Of tke Dhobis-Of the Rawats-OJ the Pankas-OftheNais-Marriage customs-Marriage customs of the Telis-Widow remarriage and Barandi marriage-Choori marriage-RecefJt attempts of the Telis to make improveme1Jts iI, their marriage customs-Marriage customs oj the Chhatris- OJ the Bairagis-Of the Dhob,'s-Of the Rawats-Regular marriage customs oj the Rawats-Widow re,marriage and Baral1di marriage-Elopement and runaway marriage-paithoo or marriage by intrusion-Divorce -Marriage customs of the Pankas--Ofthe Nais-The conception oj female beauty in the village -Causes of divorce-Death and funeral rites-Death rituals of the Telis-Beliefiu rebirth-Death rituals of thd Chhatris-Death rituals of the Bairagis-OJ the Dhobis-Of the Rawats-Of the Pankas-Of t~ Nais. Chapter VI-Village Economy 45-76 The livelihood classes in the village, 1951 Census- Category of workers and non-workers ill the village, 1961 Census-Land Revenue demand-Soil types-Soil classification of the village-The village cattle-Cattle diseases-Cattle statistics of the village-:Agricultural tools and implements-·Crops grown -Details of occupied and unoccupied areas-Cropped area classified according to crops­ Agricultural operations and mode of cuUi'IJation-iAgricultural statistics-Traditional occupations­ Village settieme1Jt and homesteads-Construction of houses-Cost of hOfmesteads-Living conditions -Household pussessions-Food habits-Beattn and hygiene-Body-care-Diseases-Income -Expetuliture-ltulebted1less-Yearwise burden of debt-castewise burden of debt-Source oj debt -Growth oj the Cooperative sociel!Y. Pages Chapter VIl-Superstition&. Religion aDd Festivals 77-86 Belief itl supernatural spirits-CommON S'UfJerstitioNs-Family deitt"es-Thakur Deo-Mahabir and Hanuman-Mata---'Mahadeo or Shankar-RadhaMishna-Kabir-Religious influences and religious groups-Religious calewlar-Holi-Hareli--Bhojli-Tija-Pola- Janmashtami- Dasahra­ -Diwali-Ekadasi-SatyanarayaH-ki-katha-Chauka. Chapter VIII-.Recreation, CommunicaUon A.nd Leadership 87-92 RecreatioNS-The Rawat Nach-Dadariyas-Games of children-Communication-Leadership -Trends and opinions-Group study-The sociallaws-, Village Jeuds and village leadership. Conclusion Blblloaraphy Appendix I Sanskrit and Hindi reJerences quoted in the mOf/,ograph. Appendix II 98-106 Tables I-XII LIST OF TABLES Table showing Pages 1. Population variation since 1901 6 2. Return of literates in 1961 Census 7 3. The number of households and population of the different communities of Tilaibhat 7 4. Exogamous divisions of the Tilaibhat Telis 10 5. Exogamous divisions of the Rawats 12 6. Exogamous divisions of the Dhobis 13 7. Exogamous divisions of the Chhatris 14 8. Exogamous divisions of the Bairagis 14 9. Classification of exogamous divisions of the Nais 15 to. Exogamous divisions of the Nais 15 11. Exogamous divisions of the Pankas 16 12. Monthly expenditure on clothing in different castes 20 13. Size of the family in different castes 25 14. Joking relationships 26 15. Some kinship terms 26 16. Marriage forms of Manu and those prevalent in Chhattisgarh 31 17. Livelihood classes in 1951 45 18. Livelihood classes in 1961 46 19. Land Revenue Demand 46 20. Soil classification 47 21. Cattle statistics 49 22. Agricultural tools and implements 49 23. Details of occupied and unoccupied area 52 24. Cropped area classified according to crops 52 25. Details of Kharif and Rabi crops 52 26. Quantity of chemical and other fertilizer used 53 27. Agricultural statistics 55 28. Traditional occupations 59 29. Cost of homesteads 63 30. Households having separate kitchen 63 31. N unlber of metal and earthen vessels in different castes 65 32. NUIDlJer of persons reporting themselves ill 71 . 33. Treatment of diseases 71 34. Number of faomi1ies requiring the services of Baiga 72 35. Births and deaths since 1956 72 36. Income-groups in different castes 72 37. Sources of income 73 3S. Items of expenditure 73 39. Yearwise burden of debt 74 40. Number of households in debt 74 41. Sources of debt 75 42. Growth of the Cooperative society 75 43. Y I!arwise recovery of loam obtained from the Society 75 44. Worship of various deities 79 45. Religious calender 84 2 LIST OF THE TABLES GIVEN IN APPENDIX II 1. Area, households and population. II. Population by age-groups. III. Size and composition of households. IV. Households classified by religion and community. V. Age and marital status. VI. Households by number of rooms and number of persons occupying. VII. Households engaged in cultivation, industry or business belonging to the household. VIII. Diet. IX. Staple diet and food habits of different communities. X. Distribution of· households by occupation, income and number of members. Xl. Indebtedness in different income-groups. XII. Indebtedness by cause. FOREWORD· Apart from laying the foundations of demography in this su'b-continent, a hundred years of the Indian Census has also produced elaborate and scholarly accounts of the variegated phenomena of Indian life-sometimes with no statistiCs attached, but usually witb just enough statistics to give empirical undupinning to their conclusions. In a country, largely illiterate, where statistical or numerical comprehension of even such a simple thing as age was liable to be inaccurate, an understanding of the social structur~ ~ essential. It W3S more necessary to attain a broad understanding of what was happening around oneself than to wrap oneseU up in 'statistical ingenuity' or 'mathematical manipulatic)n'. This explainS why. the Indian Census came to be interested in 'many bypaths' and 'nearly every branch of scholarship, from anthropology and SOCiology to geography and religion'. In the last few decades the Census has increasingly turned its effort s to the presentation of village statistics. This suits the temper of the times as well as our political and economic structure. For even as we have a great deal of centralisation on the one hand and decentralisation on the other, my colleagues thought it would be a welcom~ continuation of the Census tradition to try to invest the dry bones of village statistics with flesh-and-blood accoun~s of social structure and.social change. It was accordingly decided to select a few villages in every State for special study, where personal observation would be brought to bear em the interpretation of statistics to find out how much of a Vi1lage was static and yet changing and how fast the winds of change were blowing and from where. Randomness of selection was, therefore, eschewed. There was no intention to build up a picture for the whole· State in quantitative terms on the basis of vi~es selected statistically at random. The selection was avowedly purposive: the object being as much to find out what was happening and how fast to those villages which had fewer reasons to choose cha.1lge and more to remain lodged in the past as to dtscover how the more 'normal' types of villages . were changing. They were to be primarily type studies which, by virtue of their nl1mber and distribution, wOl1ld . also give the reader a 'feel' of what was going on and sOme kind of a map of the country. A brief account of the tests of selectiQn will.
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