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Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Adults — United States, 2017

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Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Adults — United States, 2017 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Weekly / Vol. 69 / No. 14 April 10, 2020 Prevalence of Self-Reported Hypertension and Antihypertensive Medication Use Among Adults — United States, 2017 Claudine M. Samanic, PhD1,2,3; Kamil E. Barbour, PhD1; Yong Liu, MD1; Jing Fang, MD4; Hua Lu, MS1; Linda Schieb, MSPH4; Kurt J. Greenlund, PhD1 Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a major risk factor 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), and U.S. territo- for heart disease and stroke (1). The prevalence of hyperten- ries. In 2017, a total of 450,016 adults were interviewed. The sion is higher among men than among women, increases present study includes data from the 50 states and DC; the with age, is highest among non-Hispanic blacks (blacks) (2), median response rate was 45.9% (range = 30.6%–64.1%).§ and has been consistently highest in the Southeastern region Respondents were classified as having hypertension if they of the United States (1). To update prevalence estimates for answered “yes” to the question “Have you ever been told by a self-reported hypertension and use of antihypertensive medi- doctor, nurse, or other health professional that you have high cation, CDC analyzed data from the 2017 Behavioral Risk § Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The overall (unadjusted) https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2017/pdf/2017-sdqr-508.pdf. prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 32.4% (95% con- fidence interval [CI] = 32.1%–32.7%). The age-standardized, INSIDE median state-specific prevalence of self-reported hypertension 399 Vital Signs: Newly Reported Acute and Chronic was 29.7% (range = 24.3%–38.6%). Overall age-standardized Hepatitis C Cases — United States, 2009–2018 hypertension prevalence was higher among men (32.9%) 405 Update to U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for than among women (27.0%), highest among blacks (40.0%), Contraceptive Use, 2016: Updated decreased with increasing levels of education and household Recommendations for the Use of Contraception income, and was generally highest in the Southeastern and Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection Appalachian states.* Among persons reporting hypertension, 411 Presymptomatic Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 — the overall unadjusted prevalence of self-reported antihyper- Singapore, January 23–March 16, 2020 tensive medication use was 76.0% (95% CI = 75.5%–76.4%). 416 Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and The age-standardized, median state-specific prevalence of Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted antihypertensive medication use among persons with reported Living Community for Older Adults — Seattle, hypertension was 59.4% (range = 50.2%–71.2%). Prevalence Washington, 2020 was higher among women than men, highest among blacks 419 Rapid Sentinel Surveillance for COVID-19 — Santa compared with other racial/ethnic groups, and highest among Clara County, California, March 2020 states in the Southeast, Appalachia, and the Dakotas. These 422 Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children — United findings can help inform CDC’s initiatives to enhance hyper- States, February 12–April 2, 2020 tension awareness, treatment, and control across all states. 427 Notes from the Field: Seasonal Human Influenza A(H3N2) and Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 BRFSS† is an annual, random-digit–dialed telephone sur- Reassortant Infection — Idaho, 2019 vey (both landline and mobile phone), representative of the 429 QuickStats noninstitutionalized adult population aged ≥18 years of the * https://www.arc.gov/appalachian_region/TheAppalachianRegion.asp. Continuing Education examination available at † https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/index.html. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwr_continuingEducation.html U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report blood pressure?” Those with borderline and pregnancy-related were generally highest in Southeastern and Appalachian states hypertension were categorized as “no.” Respondents reporting (Figure). Age-specific hypertension prevalence increased with hypertension were classified as currently taking antihyperten- increasing age group (Table 2). The age-standardized prevalence sive medication if they answered “yes” to the question “Are of hypertension was higher among men (32.9%) than among you currently taking medicine for your high blood pressure?” women (27.0%), highest among blacks (40.0%), and decreased All analyses incorporated methods to account for the complex with increasing levels of education and household income. survey design. Application of sampling weights accounted Among those reporting hypertension, the overall, unad- for nonresponse, noncoverage, and mobile telephone–only justed prevalence of antihypertensive medication use was households, and were derived from an iterative proportional 76.0% (95% CI = 75.5%–76.4%), representing an estimated weighting (raking) procedure.¶ 61.9 million adults (Table 1). The age-standardized, median, The unadjusted, age-specific, and age-standardized preva- state-specific prevalence of antihypertensive medication use lence of self-reported hypertension and antihypertensive was 59.4% (range = 50.2% [Idaho] to 71.2% [Mississippi]). medication use were estimated overall, for each of the 50 states Age-standardized prevalence of antihypertensive medication and DC, and by sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence use was highest in the Southeastern and Appalachian states, estimates were age-standardized to the 2000 U.S. standard as well as the Dakotas (Figure). The age-specific prevalence of population (3). Differences in prevalence across sociodemo- antihypertensive medication use also increased with increasing graphic subgroups were tested using chi-squared tests, and age (Table 2), was highest among blacks (68.1%), was higher differences reported were considered statistically significant for among women (64.0%) than among men (56.7%), and did p-values <0.05. All analyses were conducted using SAS-callable not vary by education or household income level. SUDAAN (version 11.0.3; RTI International). Discussion During 2017, the overall unadjusted prevalence of hypertension for the 50 states and DC was 32.4% (95% CI = 32.1%–32.7%), During 2017, approximately one third (82 million) of U.S. representing an estimated 81.7 million adults (Table 1). The age- adults reported having hypertension, and an estimated three standardized median state-specific prevalence of hypertension quarters of those with hypertension (62 million) reported using was 29.7% (range = 24.3% [Minnesota] to 38.6% [Alabama antihypertensive medication. Age-standardized prevalence and West Virginia]). Age-standardized hypertension prevalences of hypertension varied widely by state, remaining highest in the Southeast and among men and blacks. Age-standardized ¶ https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2017/pdf/weighting-2017-508.pdf. prevalence of antihypertensive medication use also increased The MMWR series of publications is published by the Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027. Suggested citation: [Author names; first three, then et al., if more than six.] [Report title]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:[inclusive page numbers]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Robert R. Redfield, MD, Director Anne Schuchat, MD, Principal Deputy Director Chesley L. Richards, MD, MPH, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance Rebecca Bunnell, PhD, MEd, Director, Office of Science Arlene Greenspan, PhD, Acting Director, Office of Science Quality, Office of Science Michael F. Iademarco, MD, MPH, Director, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services MMWR Editorial and Production Staff (Weekly) Charlotte K. Kent, PhD, MPH, Editor in Chief Martha F. Boyd, Lead Visual Information Specialist Jacqueline Gindler, MD, Editor Maureen A. Leahy, Julia C. Martinroe, Paul Z. Siegel, MD, MPH, Guest Associate Editor Stephen R. Spriggs, Tong Yang, Mary Dott, MD, MPH, Online Editor Visual Information Specialists Terisa F. Rutledge, Managing Editor Quang M. Doan, MBA, Phyllis H. King, Douglas W. Weatherwax, Lead Technical Writer-Editor Terraye M. Starr, Moua Yang, Glenn Damon, Soumya Dunworth, PhD, Teresa M. Hood, MS, Information Technology Specialists Technical Writer-Editors MMWR Editorial Board Timothy F. Jones, MD, Chairman Michelle E. Bonds, MBA Katherine Lyon Daniel, PhD Patricia Quinlisk, MD, MPH Matthew L. Boulton, MD, MPH Jonathan E. Fielding, MD, MPH, MBA Patrick L. Remington, MD, MPH Carolyn Brooks, ScD, MA David W. Fleming, MD Carlos Roig, MS, MA Jay C. Butler, MD William E. Halperin, MD, DrPH, MPH William Schaffner, MD Virginia A. Caine, MD Jewel Mullen, MD, MPH, MPA Morgan Bobb Swanson, BS Jeff Niederdeppe, PhD 394 MMWR / April 10, 2020 / Vol. 69 / No. 14 US Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TABLE 1. Unadjusted and age-standardized* prevalence of self-reported hypertension (HTN)† and current antihypertensive medication use§ among adults aged ≥18 years — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, 2017 Hypertension Current antihypertensive medication use among adults with hypertension % (95% CI) Population using % (95% CI) Population Sample using antihypertensive Sample with HTN antihypertensive medication Area with HTN (x 1,000)¶ Unadjusted Age-standardized* medication (x 1,000)¶
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