THETHE UNECEUNECE CONVENTIONCONVENTION ONON LONG•RANGELONG•RANGE TRANSBOUNDARYTRANSBOUNDARY AIRAIR POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

WorkshopWorkshop toto PromotePromote thethe RatificationRatification ofof thethe ProtocolsProtocols onon HeavyHeavy Metals,Metals, POPsPOPs andand thethe GothenburgGothenburg ProtocolProtocol acrossacross thethe UNECEUNECE regionregion –– 26•2826•28 OctoberOctober 2009,2009, St.St. PetersburgPetersburg

TeaTea AulavuoAulavuo TheThe UNECEUNECE SecretariatSecretariat toto thethe ConventionConvention CONVENTIONCONVENTION ONON LONG•RANGELONG•RANGE TRANSBOUNDARYTRANSBOUNDARY AIRAIR POLLUTIONPOLLUTION 5151 PartiesParties inin Europe,Europe, NorthNorth AmericaAmerica andand CentralCentral AsiaAsia

Barents Sea Kara Sea

Artic Ocean

Canada

Iceland Pacific Ocean

Finland of America North Sea Atlantic Ocean Norway Sweden Estonia Russian Federation

Latvia Denmark Lithuania

Ireland United Poland Kingdom Netherlands Germany Belgium Czech Rep. Luxembourg Slovakia Austria France Liechtenstein Hungary Switzerland Aral Atlantic Ocean Slovenia Romania Croatia Sea Bosnia and Monaco Herzegovina Yugoslavia Black Sea Bulgaria Caspian Italy F.Y.R.of Sea Albania Macedonia Spain Greece Portugal Turkey

Malta Mediterranean Sea Cyprus STRUCTURESTRUCTURE OFOF THETHE CONVENTIONCONVENTION ONON LONG•LONG• RANGERANGE TRANSBOUNDARYTRANSBOUNDARY AIRAIR POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

IImplementationmplementation CCommitteeommittee

Working Group on Working Group on EExpertxpert GGroupsroups SStrategiestrategies andand RRevieweview TTaskask FForcesorces WWorkingorking GGrouproup onon EEffectsffects IInternationalnternational CCooperativeooperative EMEPEMEP S Steeringteering BBodyody PProgrammesrogrammes EXECUTIVE BODY IMPLEMENTATION COMMITTEE

WG EFFECTS EMEP WG STRATEGIES AND REVIEW ICP Forests Programme Task Force on Emission Task Force on Task Force Coordinating Inventories and Projections Reactive Nitrogen Centre Centre for Emission ICP Task Force on Integrated Monitoring Programme Inventories and Projections Centre Heavy Metals Task Force Task Force on ICP Coordination Measurement and Modelling Modelling and Mapping Centre for Network of Experts Task Force Effects Chemical Coordinating on Benefits and Centre Economic Instruments ICP Main Research Meteorological Synthesizing Materials Centre Centre•West Expert Group on Task Force Techno•economic Issues ICP Meteorological Synthesizing Vegetation Programme Centre•East Task Force Centre Task Force Task Force on Integrated on POPs ICP Assessment Modelling Waters Programme Task Force Centre Centre for Integrated Expert Group on Assessment Modelling Particulate Matter Task Force Health TF on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution

ThereThere areare manymany PartiesParties toto thethe Convention,Convention, butbut thethe ConventionConvention itselfitself isis justjust aa framework…framework… … … … … .. .. ProtocolsProtocols toto thethe ConventionConvention Geneva EMEP 42 Cost•sharing of monitoring, modelling and 1984 Protocol Parties evaluation work

Helsinki Sulphur 24 Flat•rate reduction (30%) of 1980 emissions 1985 Protocol Parties by 1993 Sofia NOx 33 Flat•rate, stabilization of 1987 emissions by 1988 Protocol Parties 1994, BAT requirements Geneva VOC 23 Flat•rate reduction (30%) by 1999, optional 1991 Protocol Parties base year, stabilization for low•emission areas, BAT requirements Oslo 2nd 28 Effects•based emission ceilings 1994 Sulphur Parties (acidification), mandatory limit values for Protocol major sources ProtocolsProtocols toto the the ConventionConvention Aarhus Heavy metals 29 Parties Stabilize emissions of 1998 Protocol (HR, MD) cadmium, lead and mercury; limit values for major sources

Aarhus POPs Protocol 29 Parties Stabilize emissions of 1998 (HR) PAH, dioxins/furans and HCB; phase out selected pesticides, limit values for major sources 1999, Acidification, Effects based using integrated Gothenburg Eutrophication assessment modelling. Specifies Multi•pollutant and Ground• emission ceilings and controls for sulphur, nitrogen oxides, Multi•effect level Ozone ammonia and volatile organic Protocol (HR) compounds (VOCs) 25 Parties TheThe ProtocolProtocol onon HeavyHeavy MetalsMetals

–– ProvidesProvides forfor controlcontrol ofof cadmium,cadmium, leadlead andand mercurymercury

–– BasicBasic obligations:obligations: 1.1. Reduce Reduce annualannual emissionsemissions (below(below 19901990 levelslevels oror otherother yearyear betweenbetween 1985•95);1985•95); 2.2. Apply Apply BATBAT andand ELVsELVs toto stationarystationary sources;sources; 3.3. Apply Apply productproduct controlcontrol measuresmeasures (annex(annex VI)VI) andand considerconsider otherother measuresmeasures (annex(annex VII);VII); 4.4. Develop Develop andand maintainmaintain emissionemission inventories.inventories.

–– ReportingReporting obligations:obligations: 1.1. Emission Emission datadata 2.2. Information Information onon implementationimplementation measuresmeasures ReviewReview ofof thethe HeavyHeavy MetalsMetals ProtocolProtocol

Dec.Dec. 06:06: ReviewReview ofof obligationsobligations completed;completed; 2007•08:2007•08: Options Options forfor furtherfurther reducingreducing HM,HM, updatingupdating BATBAT andand addingadding flexibilityflexibility forfor EECCAEECCA andand SEE;SEE; Dec.Dec. 08:08: EBEB welcomedwelcomed thethe optionsoptions andand outcomesoutcomes fromfrom YerevanYerevan workshopworkshop (May(May 08);08); 2009:2009: InformalInformal EECCAEECCA andand SEESEE consultations;consultations; Sept.Sept. 09:09: Official Official amendmentamendment proposalsproposals byby PartiesParties on:on: 1.1. ReferenceReference yearsyears (annex(annex I)I) andand time•scalestime•scales forfor ELVsELVs andand BATBAT (annex(annex IV)IV) forfor EECCAEECCA andand SEE;SEE; 2.2. AnnexesAnnexes I•VII;I•VII; toto addadd newnew sourcesource categories,categories, andand toto updateupdate BATBAT andand ELVs;ELVs; Dec.Dec. 09:09: EBEB (Parties)(Parties) expectedexpected toto mandatemandate WGSRWGSR toto negotiatenegotiate amendmentsamendments (2010•2011?);(2010•2011?); 09•10:09•10: ReviewReview ofof optionsoptions toto addadd mercurymercury containingcontaining productsproducts toto annexannex VIVI The Protocol on POPs POPs = Organic substances used as pesticides, industrial chemicals and by•products/contaminants POPs criteria: • (i) toxic (ii) persistent (iii) bioaccumulate (iv) prone to LRTAT and deposition (v) likely to harm health and environment

Obligations • Eliminate production and use of POPs (listed in annex I) • either immediately or at a fixed date –and ensure their safe elimination/disposal; • Restrict the use of POPs (in annex II) • Reduce the emissions of POPs (in annex III) • Apply limit values for incineration of (municipal, hazardous, medical) waste; • Apply BAT to stationnary sources (in annex VIII) • Maintain emission inventories and report data Review and revision of the POPs Protocol Scope: • Reassessment of substance•related provisions, revision of BAT and ELVs; • Inclusion of 7 new POPs and their management options: (HCBD, Octa•BDE, PeCB, Penta•BDE, PFOS, PCN, SCCP) • (5 POPs under review for poss. future inclusion: Dicofol, endosulfan, HBCD, pentachlorophenol and trifluralin); • Flexibilities for EECCA and SEE on ELVs, application of BAT and timescales for implementation Process: • 2004•2007: Review of effectiveness and sufficiency and of new POPs candidates by TFPOPs • Dec. 2008: Amendment proposals by Parties • 2008•2009: Negotiation of draft amendments by WGSR; • 2009: Informal EECCA and SEE consultations; • Dec 09: Parties to POPs Protocol expected to adopt amendments and agree remaining ELVs TheThe GothenburgGothenburg ProtocolProtocol (o(obligations):bligations):

•• ReduceReduce sulphur,sulphur, NOx,NOx, VOCsVOCs andand ammoniaammonia emissionsemissions (ceilings(ceilings forfor 20102010 inin annexannex II);II); •• ApplyApply ELVsELVs forfor specificspecific emissionemission sources;sources; •• E.g. E.g. CombustionCombustion plants,plants, electricityelectricity production,production, carscars andand lorrieslorries •• ApplyApply BATBAT toto mobilemobile sourcessources andand newnew stationnarystationnary sourcessources (Guidance(Guidance docsdocs I•V);I•V); •• ControlControl ammoniaammonia emissions;emissions; •• CutCut emissionsemissions ofof VOCsVOCs fromfrom products;products; •• AnnualAnnual reportingreporting RevisionRevision ofof GothenburgGothenburg ProtocolProtocol:: ScopeScope:: •• Emission Emission ceilings;ceilings; environmentalenvironmental targetstargets (including(including non•bindingnon•binding aspirationalaspirational targetstargets forfor 2050)2050) •• Guidance Guidance documents;documents; •• Annexes Annexes (ELVs(ELVs forfor SO2,NOx,SO2,NOx, VOCsVOCs •• andand PMPM)) •• IncreasedIncreased flexibilityflexibility forfor EECCAEECCA ProcessProcess:: –– Review Review ofof obligationsobligations completedcompleted inin Dec.Dec. 07;07; –– Since Since 2008:2008: NegotiationsNegotiations forfor furtherfurther emissionemission reductionreduction obligationsobligations inin lineline withwith workplanworkplan andand timetabletimetable forfor deliverables;deliverables; –– Adoption Adoption ofof aa revisedrevised ProtocolProtocol byby PartiesParties inin DecemberDecember 2010?;2010?; CLRTAP focus on EECCA and SEE EECCA Action Plan, adopted in 2005, revised in 2007, reviewed annually

Consulting and involving EECCA and SEE: – 2007: special session at the Saltsjöbaden III Conference; – 2007•2008: Questionnaire survey on problems and solutions for ratification of POPs, HM and Gothenburg Protocols (replies annexed to ECE/EB.AIR/2008/11); – 2008: Informal session on EMEP activities; – 2009: Informal consultations (outcomes annexed into EECCA Action Plan) on amendments to the Protocols.

Capacity building to facilitate implementation and ratification: • Technical workshops, • Donor support, bilateral projects, donor support. – CAPACT project 2004•2007 in Kazakhstan (national implementation plan for the 3 Protocols and establishment of EMEP monitoring station); – Dutch funded “Balkans”project to assist SEE countries; – Czech funded project to assist Moldova ratify Goth. Protocol – Russian project proposal to assist EECCA accessions; EECCA Action Plan • Adopted in 2005, revised after “Saltsjöbaden 3”Workshop in 2007

• Parties and Convention Bodies must prioritize its implementation!

• Includes main aims: – Raise political profile of CLRTAP activities – Encourage ratification of Protocols (EMEP, HM, POPs, Gothenburg) – Increase cooperation and exchange of information through expanding the modelling and monitoring activities – Support EECCA involvement in activities of the Convention

• Identifies related actions and relevant actors (e.g.) – Relax Protocol obligations within their revision (WGSR, EB) – Expand EMEP monitoring network (EECCA, EMEP, donors) – Make more material available in Russian (EB, secretariat, EECCA) – Organize joint activities/workshops for EECCA countries

• Includes outcomes of the 2009 informal consultations (ECE/EB.AIR/WG.5/2009/13) Main messages to remember: •Acceding to the Protocols brings benefits •Opportunities to amend the Protocols to add flexibility for EECCA and SEE! –Formulate and express positions to influence the negotiations for revising the Protocols •Information, donor assistance and funding opportunities are available! –Express your needs, concerns, problems to the Convention Bodies and the Secretariat; Request support and propose projects. MORE INFORMATION:

Convention website: www.unece.org/env/lrtap

CAPACT: www.unece.org/ie/capact/implem.html THANKTHANK YOUYOU FORFOR YOURYOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION!!