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Simulation of Floods in Delhi Segment of River Yamuna Using HEC-RAS

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Simulation of Floods in Delhi Segment of River Yamuna Using HEC-RAS American Journal of Water Resources, 2018, Vol. 6, No. 4, 162-168 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajwr/6/4/3 ©Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajwr-6-4-3 ISSN (Print): 2333-4797 ISSN (Online): 2333-4819 Simulation of Floods in Delhi Segment of River Yamuna Using HEC-RAS Azhar Husain1,*, Mohammed Sharif1, Mohammed Lateef Ahmad2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi 2Department of Civil Engineering, Anbar University, Iraq (Central University), New Delhi *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received August 17, 2018; Revised October 13, 2018; Published October 25, 2018 Abstract Flooding in Delhi Segment of River Yamuna has a devastating effect on the life of the inhabitants, particularly those residing close to the banks. The River Yamuna experienced floods 33 times during the last century, often endangering the life of people as well as the important infrastructural facilities that exist along the banks of the river. The present paper describes the development and application of a hydrodynamic model based on HEC-RAS – modelling system developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Centre at United States Army Corps of Engineers - for the simulation of floods in the Delhi segment of River Yamuna. The HEC-RAS model was first calibrated and validated and then applied for the simulation of historical floods of 2010 and 2013. With the HEC-RAS model, the vulnerability assessment of different bridges and barrages in the Delhi segment has been carried out. It can be concluded that the results presented herein could provide valuable aid to policy makers in formulating mitigation strategies to counteract the adverse impacts of flooding in the Yamuna River basin. Keywords: Yamuna, HEC-RAS, flood, mitigation, Delhi Cite This Article: Azhar Husain, Mohammed Sharif, and Mohammed Lateef Ahmad, “Simulation of Floods in Delhi Segment of River Yamuna Using HEC-RAS.” American Journal of Water Resources, vol. 6, no. 4 (2018): 162-168. doi: 10.12691/ajwr-6-4-3. however, cannot be avoided despite the flood control measures in place in the developed world, mainly due to the inherent 1. Introduction complexities associated with the occurrence of foods. With the availability of sophisticated forecasting models, Rivers are a significant of irrigation, hydropower, it is possible to predict the occurrence of floods to a and drinking water supplies. Throughout history, people reasonable extent. Analysis of flood records at a particular developed habitats along rivers due to the easy availability location is required for computing the magnitude of of water for a multitude of purposes. But human populations various return-level floods at that location. The flood that live on the banks of rivers are significantly vulnerable protection measures at a particular location can be planned to flooding in the river. In developing countries such and designed based upon the likely magnitude of flood at as India, the inhabitants are particularly vulnerable to that location. Although it is possible to provide protection devastation caused by floods. Another major reason for against flood to a large extent, but it is not possible to the huge devastation caused by floods in the developing alleviate the problem of flooding completely. Modelling countries is the deficiency of rapid response infrastructure. procedures that allow the transformation of discharge to The impact of flooding on human life and infrastructure stage at a particular location are an important part of water has become more profound in the wake of climate change resources planning and management. With the advent of in the developing countries. Owing to its low elevation, sophisticated computer programs, it has now become Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to flooding events. More possible to manage floods better than ever before. than fifty percent of the land area in Bangladesh is at an Numerous flood modelling studies have been conducted elevation of less than 8 m above mean sea level. A major using available software packages. Ahmad [1] applied flood that occurred in Bangladesh in 1991 caused huge MIKE 21 to simulate the response of the Red River basin devastation in the country. More than 200,000 persons in the USA and Canada. Tate and Maidment [2] presented were reported to have died due to extreme floods in the a methodology based on HEC-RAS for the two- and country. The extent of inundation in Bangladesh was more three-dimensional floodplain mapping using Arc GIS. than 33 percent during the flood of 1991. The developed Husain. A [3] presented a Flood modelling by using nations, on the other hand, are able to manage adverse HEC-RAS Yang and Rystedt [4] used geographic impacts of flooding in a much better manner than the information systems (GIS) and hydrodynamic modeling to developing countries, primarily due to the availability of simulate flood events along a river channel in areas near a adequate flood control infrastructure. The fury of floods, residential development in Eskilstuna community, Sweden. 163 American Journal of Water Resources Snead [5] presented the application of two unsteady flow hydraulic flood routing model, with time-varying roughness hydraulic models, Mike 11 and HEC-RAS for flood updating to simulate flows through natural channels. routing and visualization for the Mill Creek Watershed The authors solved Saint Venant’s equation using the located in Cincinnati, Ohio. Zadeh et al. [6] estimated the quasi-steady dynamic wave and full dynamic wave theory. extent of the flood zone and economic damages over an A case study of unsteady flood modelling through 8.2 km reach of the perennial LaeenSoo River in the HEC-RAS was carried out for the Karad - Kurundwad northern Khorasan Province, Iran using HEC-GEORAS, a reach of the Krishna River. Sankhua et al. [22] focused combination of HEC-RAS and Arc View GIS software. on the concepts of hydraulic flood routing model, with An application of Mike 11 to the simulation of flow in time-varying roughness updating to simulate flows Euphrates River in Iraq has been presented by Kamel [7]. through natural channels, based on the quasi-steady The results of the study demonstrated that the model dynamic wave and full dynamic wave theory, emphasizing provides a good simulation of the observed flows. Pareta the solving of the intricate Saint Venant’s equation. [8] developed a model for simulating flood inundation Several studies have been carried out in Yamuna River boundaries. With the model developed by Pareta [8], it basin as well. For example, Sharma et al. [23] focused on was possible to precisely overview the extent of flooding the monitoring of the diffuse pollution characteristics of in the area of interest. Sharif et al. [9] investigated trends the agricultural land confining the River Yamuna in Delhi. in magnitude and timings of flows in the Upper Indus Vijay et al. [24] presented hydrodynamic simulation of the basin – a climatically sensitive basin in the Himalayan river Yamuna under different designated flood flows to region. Trends in several hydro-meteorological variables delineate the land availability under existing and modified were investigated by Khattak et al. [10] in the upper Indus riverbed geometry including channel dredging and River basin (UIRB). riverbed dressing. Kumar et al. [25] describes flood An analysis of flow dynamic process and the quantification management strategies for the national capital region of of the peak discharges by using HEC-RAS has been Delhi, India. Husain. A [26] describe the method flood presented by Villazón et al. [11] for the Piraí River. The peak estimation at Hathinkund and Okhla barrage at authors simulated unsteady flows using derived hydrographs Yamuna River for the national capital region of Delhi, from measured hourly water levels as boundary conditions. India. An application of POT approach for estimation of Al-Fahdawi [12] applied a numerical model to hydrodynamic floods of varying return periods has been described by modelling of the Euphrates River in its reach between Kumar et al. [27]. The major objective of the present Haditha Dam and Hit city. The author used HEC-RAS research is to a develop a hydrodynamic model for the model to determine different parameters from a given simulation of floods in the Delhi segment of River flood caused by a hypothetical foundation failure of Yamuna. The intent is to assess the vulnerability of Haditha Dam. Yarrakula et al. [13] developed a flood hydraulic structures in the Delhi segment of River forecasting model for the Subrnarekha River. The digital Yamuna to floods associated with different return-levels. elevation Model (DEM) of the study area was prepared using the high resolution CARTOSAT-1 imageries. Cecile Ashwanden et al. [14] compared water surface profiles for 2. Study Area Tar River generated from steady and unsteady flow hydraulic models. Brych et al. [15] used HEC-RAS to River Yamuna is one of the major rivers of India and prepare flood inundation maps for the Orlice valley in the the largest tributary of the Ganga. The river originates Czech Republic. Extreme floods were considered to from the Yamunotri glacier of the lower Himalayas at an calibrate the hydraulic model of the Orlice river system. elevation of 6320 m above mean sea level (Figure 1). The Khattak et al. [16] describes the application of HEC-RAS river has a total length of 1376 km and drains an area of model for the development of floodplain maps for the part 345848 km2. In the upper reaches of River Yamuna, there of Kabul River that lies in Pakistan. are several hill streams that join together to form the main Several flood modelling studies have been carried out stream. There are four main rivers that join Yamuna in the in Indian basins over the last decade. Vijay et al. [17] high Himalayan ranges.
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