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Curonian Spit UNESCO – World Heritage Nomination Curonian Spit Prepared by: • “Rosgiproles” Institute, Russia • Department of Forest and Protected Areas under the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Lithuania • NGO “Nature Friends”, Russia • Institute of Geography RAN, Russia • Cultural Heritage Centre of Lithuania • Dresden Technical University, Germany With the assistance of: • Greenpeace-Russia • State National Park “Kurshskaja Kosa” • National Park “Kurši ų Nerija” • Federal Forestry Service of Russia • Lithuanian National Commission for UNESCO January 1999 Contents Page 1. Identification of the Property …………………………………...…………… 3 a) Country………………………………………………………………………... 3 b) State, Province or Region……………………………………………………... 3 c) Name of Property……………………………………………………………… 3 d) Exact location on a map and geographical coordinates .................................... 3 e) Maps and/ or plans .......................................................................................…. 3 f) Area of Property (ha.)..................................................................................…... 3 2. Justification for Inscription ........................................................................…. 3 a) Statement of significance .............................…................................................. 3 b) Comparative analysis .............................................................................…....... 4 c) Authenticity/Integrity...................................................................................….. 5 d) Criteria under which inscription is proposed.................................................... 5 3. Description ..................................................................................................…. 7 a) Description of Property................................................................................…. 7 b) History and Development ...........................................................................….. 17 c) Form and date of most recent records of Property ......................................….. 21 d) Present state of conservation...….................................................................…. 21 e) Policy and programs on territory of the nominated object................................ 22 4. Management ..............................................................................................….... 22 a) Ownership..................................................................................................….... 22 b) Legal status .................................…….............................................................. 23 c) Protective measures and means of implementing them........…......................... 23 d) Agencies with management authority...................................…........................ 25 e) Management realisation level ...................................................................….... 25 f) Agreed plans related to the Property.........................................................…..... 26 g) Sources and levels of finance ....................................................................…... 26 h) Sources of expertise and training in conservation and management…………. 27 i) Visitor facilities and statistics………………………………………………… 27 j) Property management plans..................................................................…......... 28 k) Staffing levels.....................................................................................…........... 29 5. Factors Affecting the Property .......…............................................................. 29 a) Development pressures..........................................................…........................ 29 b) Environmental pressures................................................................................... 30 c) Natural disasters and preparedness...............…................................................. 30 d) Visitor/tourism pressures..................................................................…............. 31 e) Number of inhabitants within Property............................................................. 31 6. Monitoring .........................................................................................…............ 31 a) Key indicators for measuring state of conservation........................................... 31 b) Administrative arrangements for monitoring Property.......……….................. 32 c) Results of previous reporting exercises............................................................. 33 7. Documentation ...................................................….......................................... 33 a) Photographs, slides, video film ........................................................................ 33 b) Copies of Property management plans and extracts from other documents ..... 33 c) Bibliography .....…............................................................................................ 34 d) Address where inventory, records and archives are held.................................. 34 e) Attachment.............…....................................................................................... 34 2 1. Identification of the property b) Country – the Curonian Spit is situated on the border of two countries – Lithuania and Russia c) State, Province or Region – Lithuania: Klaip ėda region: Neringa and Klaip ėda municipalities. Russia: Kaliningrad Region, Zelenogradsk District; d) Name of the Property– "Curonian Spit"; e) Exact Location on a Map and the Geographical Coordinates – "Curonian Spit” lays within the following geographic coordinates: 55 °43 ′27 - 54 °57 ′24 North latitude and 20 °31 ′36 - 21 °05 ′43 East longitude; ( see map 2) f) Maps and Plans (see attachment 1) 1. Location of the Curonian Spit on the map of Europe 2. Physical geographical map of the Curonian spit 3. Zones of the Curonian Spit 4. Endangered and threatened species of the Curonian Spit 5. Cultural and natural values of the Curonian Spit; g) Area of the Property and of its Buffer Zone Total area, comprising: 33 021 ha Land surface 16 321 ha The Curonian Lagoon (Kurši ų Marios)aquatory 4 200 ha The Baltic Sea aquatory 12 500 ha Buffer zone: on the Russian part - aquatory of the Baltic Sea and of the Curonian Lagoon within 1 km from the cost line (see map 3). 2. Justification for Inscription of the Nomination into the List a) Statement of Significance Natural significance Curonian Spit is one of the largest accumulative forms of the Baltic relief. Its unique and inimitable significance is conditioned mainly by the position and relief: • Due to its geographical position and orientation (Northeast to Southwest) it serves as a “directing line” for the different birds’ migrations and connects the North-Eastern part of Russia, Finland and Eastern Baltic countries with the Central and Southern Europe. The Curonian lagoon shore is surrounded by reeds and rushy places, which provide refuge for the waterfowl. The main species of birds using the lagoon are ducks, grebes, coots, gulls, and little terns, a lot of birds use the region as a staging area in spring and fall. The territory was recognised an important area for migratory waterfowl - along the seashore through the Curonian Spit stretches the East Atlantic Fly Way. Rossitten Ornithological station, the first ornithological station in the World, has been working (birds are tagged) on the Curonian Spit since 1901; • The dune complexes are the main relief elements. They are among the highest in Europe and are especially picturesque and attractive. • Sandy beaches, the Baltic sea coastal dune ridge, and great dune ridge provide for natural and seminatural habitats to threatened species of animals and plants; the old forest habitats are of outstanding universal value from the scientific and conservational viewpoint; 3 • Relatively “young” age of the spit determines its peculiarity and its high scientific significance conditioned by unfinished and still ongoing processes of its biostructure formation. Cultural significance • The Curonian Spit landscape is being created not only by natural processes but also by human activities and represents the combined work of nature and that of a man. It illustrates the evolution of fisherman society and settlements over the time. Until now the Curonian Spit presents a continuing cultural landscape, which retains an active social role in contemporary society associated with the traditional way of life and in which the evolutionary process is still in progress. At the same time, it exhibits significant material evidence of its evolution over the time, the latter integrally related to both natural forces and human activity. At the Curonian Spit one could still observe the relict (or fossil) landscape in which an evolutionary process came to an end in the past - the tribe Kursiai, which have settled on the Curonian Spit for a long time disappeared, but their ethnographic heritage still exists, as well as the former landscape of fishermen villages can be found under the sand, sandy dunes - 13 villages were covered by sand after cutting forests on the Curonian Spit. The Spit retains the following cultural heritage items: • sites (fishermen settlements): where works of man and nature are of outstanding universal value from the ethnocultural, historic and aesthetic viewpoint; • monuments: architectural works, protective structures unique in their scale, which are of outstanding value from the point of view of history, art and science; • archaeological
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