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THUBAN the Star Thuban in the Constellation Draco (The Dragon) Was the North Pole Star Some 5,000 Years Ago, When the Egyptians Were Building the Pyramids
STAR OF THE WEEK: THUBAN The star Thuban in the constellation Draco (the Dragon) was the North Pole Star some 5,000 years ago, when the Egyptians were building the pyramids. Thuban is not a particularly bright star. At magnitude 3.7 and known as alpha draconis it is not even the brightest star in its constellation. What is Thuban’s connection with the pyramids of Egypt? Among the many mysteries surrounding Egypt’s pyramids are the so-called “air shafts” in the Great Pyramid of Giza. These narrow passageways were once thought to serve for ventilation as the The Great Pyramid of Giza, an enduring monument of ancient pyramids were being built. In the 1960s, though, Egypt. Egyptologists believe that it was built as a tomb for fourth dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu around 2560 BC the air shafts were recognized as being aligned with stars or areas of sky as the sky appeared for the pyramids’ builders 5,000 years ago. To this day, the purpose of all these passageways inside the Great Pyramid isn’t clear, although some might have been connected to rituals associated with the king’s ascension to the heavens. Whatever their purpose, the Great Pyramid of Giza reveals that its builders knew the starry skies intimately. They surely knew Thuban was their Pole Star, the point around which the heavens appeared to turn. Various sources claim that Thuban almost exactly pinpointed the position of the north celestial pole in the This diagram shows the so-called air shafts in the Great year 2787 B.C. -
Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating
submitted to Astrobiology: April 6, 2012 accepted by Astrobiology: September 8, 2012 published in Astrobiology: January 24, 2013 this updated draft: October 30, 2013 doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0859 Exomoon habitability constrained by illumination and tidal heating René HellerI , Rory BarnesII,III I Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, [email protected] II Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 951580, Seattle, WA 98195, [email protected] III NASA Astrobiology Institute – Virtual Planetary Laboratory Lead Team, USA Abstract The detection of moons orbiting extrasolar planets (“exomoons”) has now become feasible. Once they are discovered in the circumstellar habitable zone, questions about their habitability will emerge. Exomoons are likely to be tidally locked to their planet and hence experience days much shorter than their orbital period around the star and have seasons, all of which works in favor of habitability. These satellites can receive more illumination per area than their host planets, as the planet reflects stellar light and emits thermal photons. On the contrary, eclipses can significantly alter local climates on exomoons by reducing stellar illumination. In addition to radiative heating, tidal heating can be very large on exomoons, possibly even large enough for sterilization. We identify combinations of physical and orbital parameters for which radiative and tidal heating are strong enough to trigger a runaway greenhouse. By analogy with the circumstellar habitable zone, these constraints define a circumplanetary “habitable edge”. We apply our model to hypothetical moons around the recently discovered exoplanet Kepler-22b and the giant planet candidate KOI211.01 and describe, for the first time, the orbits of habitable exomoons. -
Where Are the Distant Worlds? Star Maps
W here Are the Distant Worlds? Star Maps Abo ut the Activity Whe re are the distant worlds in the night sky? Use a star map to find constellations and to identify stars with extrasolar planets. (Northern Hemisphere only, naked eye) Topics Covered • How to find Constellations • Where we have found planets around other stars Participants Adults, teens, families with children 8 years and up If a school/youth group, 10 years and older 1 to 4 participants per map Materials Needed Location and Timing • Current month's Star Map for the Use this activity at a star party on a public (included) dark, clear night. Timing depends only • At least one set Planetary on how long you want to observe. Postcards with Key (included) • A small (red) flashlight • (Optional) Print list of Visible Stars with Planets (included) Included in This Packet Page Detailed Activity Description 2 Helpful Hints 4 Background Information 5 Planetary Postcards 7 Key Planetary Postcards 9 Star Maps 20 Visible Stars With Planets 33 © 2008 Astronomical Society of the Pacific www.astrosociety.org Copies for educational purposes are permitted. Additional astronomy activities can be found here: http://nightsky.jpl.nasa.gov Detailed Activity Description Leader’s Role Participants’ Roles (Anticipated) Introduction: To Ask: Who has heard that scientists have found planets around stars other than our own Sun? How many of these stars might you think have been found? Anyone ever see a star that has planets around it? (our own Sun, some may know of other stars) We can’t see the planets around other stars, but we can see the star. -
Dhruva the Ancient Indian Pole Star: Fixity, Rotation and Movement
Indian Journal of History of Science, 46.1 (2011) 23-39 DHRUVA THE ANCIENT INDIAN POLE STAR: FIXITY, ROTATION AND MOVEMENT R N IYENGAR* (Received 1 February 2010; revised 24 January 2011) Ancient historical layers of Hindu astronomy are explored in this paper with the help of the Purân.as and the Vedic texts. It is found that Dhruva as described in the Brahmân.d.a and the Vis.n.u purân.a was a star located at the tail of a celestial animal figure known as the Úiúumâra or the Dolphin. This constellation, which can be easily recognized as the modern Draco, is described vividly and accurately in the ancient texts. The body parts of the animal figure are made of fourteen stars, the last four of which including Dhruva on the tail are said to never set. The Taittirîya Âran.yaka text of the Kr.s.n.a-yajurveda school which is more ancient than the above Purân.as describes this constellation by the same name and lists fourteen stars the last among them being named Abhaya, equated with Dhruva, at the tail end of the figure. The accented Vedic text Ekâgni-kân.d.a of the same school recommends observation of Dhruva the fixed Pole Star during marriages. The above Vedic texts are more ancient than the Gr.hya-sûtra literature which was the basis for indologists to deny the existence of a fixed North Star during the Vedic period. However the various Purân.ic and Vedic textual evidence studied here for the first time, leads to the conclusion that in India for the Yajurvedic people Thuban (α-Draconis) was Dhruva the Pole Star c 2800 BC. -
Educator's Guide: Orion
Legends of the Night Sky Orion Educator’s Guide Grades K - 8 Written By: Dr. Phil Wymer, Ph.D. & Art Klinger Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………....3 Constellations; General Overview……………………………………..4 Orion…………………………………………………………………………..22 Scorpius……………………………………………………………………….36 Canis Major…………………………………………………………………..45 Canis Minor…………………………………………………………………..52 Lesson Plans………………………………………………………………….56 Coloring Book…………………………………………………………………….….57 Hand Angles……………………………………………………………………….…64 Constellation Research..…………………………………………………….……71 When and Where to View Orion…………………………………….……..…77 Angles For Locating Orion..…………………………………………...……….78 Overhead Projector Punch Out of Orion……………………………………82 Where on Earth is: Thrace, Lemnos, and Crete?.............................83 Appendix………………………………………………………………………86 Copyright©2003, Audio Visual Imagineering, Inc. 2 Legends of the Night Sky: Orion Educator’s Guide Introduction It is our belief that “Legends of the Night sky: Orion” is the best multi-grade (K – 8), multi-disciplinary education package on the market today. It consists of a humorous 24-minute show and educator’s package. The Orion Educator’s Guide is designed for Planetarians, Teachers, and parents. The information is researched, organized, and laid out so that the educator need not spend hours coming up with lesson plans or labs. This has already been accomplished by certified educators. The guide is written to alleviate the fear of space and the night sky (that many elementary and middle school teachers have) when it comes to that section of the science lesson plan. It is an excellent tool that allows the parents to be a part of the learning experience. The guide is devised in such a way that there are plenty of visuals to assist the educator and student in finding the Winter constellations. -
Fy10 Budget by Program
AURA/NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2010 Revised Submitted to the National Science Foundation March 16, 2011 This image, aimed toward the southern celestial pole atop the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope, shows the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the Milky Way (Carinae Region) and the Coal Sack (dark area, close to the Southern Crux). The 33 “written” on the Schmidt Telescope dome using a green laser pointer during the two-minute exposure commemorates the rescue effort of 33 miners trapped for 69 days almost 700 m underground in the San Jose mine in northern Chile. The image was taken while the rescue was in progress on 13 October 2010, at 3:30 am Chilean Daylight Saving time. Image Credit: Arturo Gomez/CTIO/NOAO/AURA/NSF National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2010 Revised (October 1, 2009 – September 30, 2010) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 March 16, 2011 Table of Contents MISSION SYNOPSIS ............................................................................................................ IV 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 2 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................ -
Interstellarum 25 Schließen Wir Den Ersten Jahrgang Der Neuen Interstellarum-Hefte Ab
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser, Meade gegen Celestron, das ist das große Duell der beiden Teleskopgiganten aus Amerika. Wir sind stolz darauf, als erste deutschsprachige Zeitschrift einen fairen Zweikampf der weltgröß- ten Fernrohrhersteller anbieten zu können; un- getrübt von wirtschaftlichen oder redaktionellen Vorbehalten. Dazu haben wir die neuen aufre- genden GPS-Teleskope von Meade und Celes- tron in einem Produktvergleich gegenüberge- stellt. Im ersten Teil in diesem Heft erfahren Sie mehr über Mechanik und Elektronik der beiden Computerteleskope (Seite 60); die Ergebnisse der Praxis unter den Sternen lesen Sie dann in einem kommenden Heft. Mit interstellarum 25 schließen wir den ersten Jahrgang der neuen interstellarum-Hefte ab. Ein Plus von 30% bei den Abonnentenzahlen spricht für unseren Weg, den wir konsequent fortsetzen Polarlichter in Deutschland (Foto: Thomas Jäger) werden. Dabei möchten wir verstärkt das Augen- merk auf hochqualitative Beiträge für praktisch tätige Amateurastronomen lenken. werden wir uns zusätzlich der Jupiterbeobach- tung und dem Merkurdurchgang vom 7.5.2003 2003 wird bei interstellarum zum Jahr der widmen. Schließlich stehen 2003 mit zwei Planetenbeobachtung ernannt. Auftakt ist der Mondfinsternissen und einer partiellen Sonnen- Beitrag zur Beobachtung der Saturnringe in die- finsternis drei weitere Großereignisse auf dem ser Ausgabe (Seite 34). Mit dem nächsten Heft Programm. beginnen wir zusätzlich eine intensive Vorberei- tung auf die große Mars-Opposition in diesem Was wir noch 2003 geplant haben, ist auf Sommer mit Beiträgen zu verschiedenen prakti- www.interstellarum.de nachzulesen. Ihren eige- schen Themenkreisen in jedem Heft. Verstärkt nen Bericht nehmen wir gerne entgegen. Mit interstellarum 25 endet die Comic-Serie Astromax (Seite 80), die Schöpfer Rainer Töpler aus Zeitgründen aufgeben muss – vielen Dank für die sechs kurzweiligen Geschichtchen. -
Transactions 1905
THE Royal Astronomical Society of Canada TRANSACTIONS FOR 1905 (INCLUDING SELECTED PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS) EDITED BY C. A CHANT. TORONTO: ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL PRINT, 1906. The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. THE Royal Astronomical Society of Canada TRANSACTIONS FOR 1905 (INCLUDING SELECTED PAPERS AND PROCEEDINGS) EDITED BY C. A CHANT. TORONTO: ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL PRINT, 1906. TABLE OF CONTENTS. The Dominion Observatory, Ottawa (Frontispiece) List of Officers, Fellows and A ssociates..................... - - 3 Treasurer’s R eport.....................--------- 12 President’s Address and Summary of Work ------ 13 List of Papers and Lectures, 1905 - - - - ..................... 26 The Dominion Observatory at Ottawa - - W. F. King 27 Solar Spots and Magnetic Storms for 1904 Arthur Harvey 35 Stellar Legends of American Indians - - J. C. Hamilton 47 Personal Profit from Astronomical Study - R. Atkinson 51 The Eclipse Expedition to Labrador, August, 1905 A. T. DeLury 57 Gravity Determinations in Labrador - - Louis B. Stewart 70 Magnetic and Meteorological Observations at North-West River, Labrador - - - - R. F. Stupart 97 Plates and Filters for Monochromatic and Three-Color Photography of the Corona J. S. Plaskett 89 Photographing the Sun and Moon with a 5-inch Refracting Telescope . .......................... D. B. Marsh 108 The Astronomy of Tennyson - - - - John A. Paterson 112 Achievements of Nineteenth Century Astronomy , L. H. Graham 125 A Lunar Tide on Lake Huron - - - - W. J. Loudon 131 Contributions...............................................J. Miller Barr I. New Variable Stars - - - - - - - - - - - 141 II. The Variable Star ξ Bootis -------- 143 III. The Colors of Helium Stars - - - ..................... 144 IV. A New Problem in Solar Physics ------ 146 Stellar Classification ------ W. Balfour Musson 151 On the Possibility of Fife in Other Worlds A. -
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection
The Maunder Minimum and the Variable Sun-Earth Connection (Front illustration: the Sun without spots, July 27, 1954) By Willie Wei-Hock Soon and Steven H. Yaskell To Soon Gim-Chuan, Chua Chiew-See, Pham Than (Lien+Van’s mother) and Ulla and Anna In Memory of Miriam Fuchs (baba Gil’s mother)---W.H.S. In Memory of Andrew Hoff---S.H.Y. To interrupt His Yellow Plan The Sun does not allow Caprices of the Atmosphere – And even when the Snow Heaves Balls of Specks, like Vicious Boy Directly in His Eye – Does not so much as turn His Head Busy with Majesty – ‘Tis His to stimulate the Earth And magnetize the Sea - And bind Astronomy, in place, Yet Any passing by Would deem Ourselves – the busier As the Minutest Bee That rides – emits a Thunder – A Bomb – to justify Emily Dickinson (poem 224. c. 1862) Since people are by nature poorly equipped to register any but short-term changes, it is not surprising that we fail to notice slower changes in either climate or the sun. John A. Eddy, The New Solar Physics (1977-78) Foreword By E. N. Parker In this time of global warming we are impelled by both the anticipated dire consequences and by scientific curiosity to investigate the factors that drive the climate. Climate has fluctuated strongly and abruptly in the past, with ice ages and interglacial warming as the long term extremes. Historical research in the last decades has shown short term climatic transients to be a frequent occurrence, often imposing disastrous hardship on the afflicted human populations. -
1. (A) Give the Equation Which Represents Stefan's Law for a Black
PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com 1 1. (a) Give the equation which represents Stefan’s law for a black body source of radiation, defining the symbols used. ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... (3) (b) (i) The space probe Voyager I is travelling out of the solar system and is, at present, approximately 8000 × 106 km from the Sun. The power source on board is a nuclear generator providing 400 W. If this power had to be obtained from solar panels, calculate the area of the solar panels which would be necessary. power received on Earth from the Sun = 1400 Wm–2 distance of the Earth from the Sun = 150 × 106 km ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... -
About the Foroughi Cup and About the Seven Planets in the Ancient World
Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies 2018, 6(2), 31–37; http://aaatec.org/art/a_cm2 www.aaatec.org ISSN 2310-2144 About the Foroughi Cup and about the seven planets in the Ancient World Mario Codebò 1, Henry De Santis 2 1 Archeoastronomia Ligustica, S.I.A., SAIt, Genoa, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Archeoastronomia Ligustica, S.I.A., SAIt, Genoa, Italy; E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract The Foroughi Cup is an artefact of the 8th century BC of Aramaic cultural context, inside which images of stars and constellations are reproduced. In this study of ours we start from the conclusions reached by Amadasi Guzzo and Castellani in their two works of 2005 and 2006 and we add some further considerations and identifications. We then explain the hypothesis that some cultures of the Ancient World include seven planets, excluding the Moon and the Sun, because Mercury and Venus, always visible only at dawn or at sunset, were perhaps considered four different planets. Finally, we propose the thesis that their evil character depends, as for every new star (novae, supernovae, comets, etc.), on the fact that they alter the synchrony of the cosmos with their variable motion (variable declination heaven bodies). Keywords: Foroughi Cup, planets, Moon, Sun, Aramaic culture. The Foroughi Cup The Foroughi Cup is a bronze artefact (fig. 1), dated to the first half of the 1st millennium BC, containing in its concave interior a representation of the celestial vault and seven very small Aramaic inscriptions, only three of which are quite legible: ŠMŠ = Sun (above the representation of the Sun, in which a lion's head is also engraved); ŠHR = Moon (above the representation of the crescent of the Moon); hypothetically R'Š ŠR' = Head of the Bull (above the bucranium). -
February 2018 BRAS Newsletter
Novemb Monthly Meeting Monday, February 12th at 7PM at HRPO er 2017 Issue nd (Monthly meetings are on 2 Mondays, Highland Road Park Observatory) . Program: Star Clusters, a presentation by Rory Bentley. What's In This Issue? President’s Message Secretary's Summary Outreach Report Light Pollution Committee Report Recent Forum Entries 20/20 Vision Campaign Messages from the HRPO Friday Night Lecture Series Globe at Night Adult Astronomy Courses International Astronomy Day Observing Notes – Canis Minor, The Little Dog & Mythology Like this newsletter? See past issues back to 2009 at http://brastro.org/newsletters.html Newsletter of the Baton Rouge Astronomical Society February 2018 © 2018 President’s Message We are now entering the month of February 2018. This month will be unusual for the fact there will be no full moon. This lack of a full moon can happen because the Moon's synodic orbit around Earth takes longer than the 28 days in February. I would remind you that our monthly meeting is on 12th of February at 7 pm. There will be a talk on star clusters given by Rory Bentley. I would also like to remind you of our Business Meeting which will be 7 pm on 7th of February at HRPO. We are investigating ideas which include: an asteroid observing group 2018 Officers: an astrophotography study group President: Steven M. Tilley a BRAS Youtube channel Vice-President: Scott Louque adding additional stargazes for BRAS members Secretary: Krista Reed ways to better utilize BRAS equipment Treasurer: Trey Anding adding another dark sky site BRAS Liaison for BREC: We may not do everything listed if there is not sufficient interest Chris Kersey from members, so if you are willing to help let us know.